518 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs I doubt that the Herbal PDR editors and Commission E writers are any wiser than the wise men or me, or Madaus in 1938, or Felter in 1898, at knowing which species of Commiphora is myrrh They call it C molmol, but also resin, and Myrrh Commiphora All PH2 entries below were derived from Gruenwald’s entry for C molmol The USDA equates C molmol with C myrrha Activities (Myrrh) — Analgesic (1; APA; BGB); Antiedemic (1; CAN); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; BGB; PNC); Antipyretic (1; APA; CAN); Antirheumatic (1; BGB); Antiseptic (1; APA; BGB; FEL; PH2; PNC; SKY); Antispasmodic (1; APA; PNC); Aperitif (f; PH2); Astringent (2; APA; KOM; PH2; SKY); Carminative (f; BGB; PHR; PNC); Decongestant (1; APA); Deodorant (1; BGB; HHB); Digestive (f; PH2); Emmenagogue (f; APA; FEL); Expectorant (f; FEL; PHR; PH2; PNC); Hypocholesterolemic (1; CAN); Hypoglycemic (1; APA; CAN); Hypotriglyceridemic (1; CAN); Immunostimulant (1; APA; PNC); Lipolytic (1; CAN); Stimulant (f; APA; FEL); Vulnerary (f; PNC) M Indications (Myrrh) — Abrasion (1; CAN); Adnexosis (f; MAD); Alopecia (f; MAD); Amenorrhea (f; BGB; FEL; MAD; PH2); Anorexia (f; PH2); Aphtha (1; CAN); Asthma (1; APA; FEL); Atherosclerosis (f; MAD); Athlete’s Foot (1; SKY); Bedsore (f; APA); Bladder Stone (f; BIB); Boil (f; PNC); Bronchosis (1; APA; BGB; FEL); Cancer (f; APA; PH2); Cancer, abdomen (f; PH2); Cancer, colon (f; PH2); Candida (1; BGB); Canker Sore (1; APA; SKY); Carbuncle (f; PH2); Caries (f; FEL); Catarrh (f; BGB; CAN; FEL); Chilblain (f; BIB); Chlorosis (f; BIB); Cold (1; BGB; CAN; SKY); Congestion (1; APA; BGB); Cough (f; PH2); Cramp (1; APA; PNC); Decubitis (f; BGB); Dermatosis (1; APA; MAD; PH2); Diarrhea (f; MAD); Dropsy (f; BIB); Dysentery (f; MAD); Dysmenorrhea (1; BGB; PH2); Dyspepsia (f; APA; FEL); Dysuria (f; MAD); Earache (f; BIB); Enterosis (f; PH2); Erysipelas (f; MAD); Fever (1; APA; BIB; CAN; MAD); Freckle (f; MAD); Furunculosis (1; CAN; PH2); Gangrene (f; FEL); Gas (f; APA; BGB; MAD; PHR; PNC); Gastrosis (f; FEL; PH2; PNC); Gingivosis (1; APA; FEL; PNC; SKY); Gleet (f; FEL); Gonorrhea (f; FEL); Halitosis (f; FEL); Hemorrhoid (f; APA; BGB; BIB); Hepatosis (f; MAD); High Cholesterol (1; CAN); Hoarseness (f; APA); Hyperglycemia (1; APA; CAN); Immunodepression (1; APA; PNC); Infection (f; PH2); Infertility (f; MAD); Inflammation (1; APA; BGB; PH2; PNC); Laryngosis (f; FEL); Leprosy (f; APA); Leukorrhea (f; FEL; MAD); Menopause (1; BGB); Menorrhagia (f; MAD); Mucososis (1; APA; FEL; PH2); Odontosis (f; MAD); Ophthalmia (f; BIB); Osteosis (f; BGB); Pain (1; APA; BGB); Pharyngosis (2; APA; FEL; KOM; MAD; PH2; PNC); Pulmonosis (f; MAD); Respirosis (f; BGB); Rheumatism (1; BGB); Rhinosis (f; APA; BIB); Salpingosis (f; MAD); Side Ache (f; MAD); Sinusosis (1; APA); Sore (1; APA; FEL; PNC); Sore Throat (2; BGB; FEL; KOM; MAD; SKY); Stomatosis (2; APA; KOM; MAD; PH2; PIP); Swelling (1; APA; CAN); Tonsilosis (1; APA; BGB; FEL; PNC); Tuberculosis (f; MAD); Ulcer (f; APA; PH2; X11113992); Uterosis (f; MAD); Uvulosis (f; FEL); VD (f; FEL); Water Retention (f; MAD); Worm (f; FEL; MAD); Wound (f; APA; BGB); Wrinkle (f; MAD); Yeast (1; BGB) Dosages (Myrrh) — tsp powdered myrrh/cup water 1–2 ×/day (APA); 5–10 drops tincture/glass water for mouthwash or gargle (APA); 6–10 drops tincture several ×/day (MAD); 1–2 ml tincture ×/day (SKY); 2.5–5.0 ml myrrh tincture (CAN; PNC); 8–10 drops myrrh extract to ×/day (APA); 0.3–1.2 g resin/day (HHB); g resin ×/day (SKY); 0.3–1.5 g (MAD) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Myrrh) — Class 2b None known (KOM; PHR) “No adverse effects from myrrh have been reported” (SKY) Emmenagogue and uterotonic Contraindicated in uterorrhagia Doses >2–4 g may cause diarrhea and nephrosis French permit only external application (AHP) Undiluted tincture may produce burning and local irritation (AEH) CAN cautions that because it is reputed to affect the menstrual cycle, its use in pregnancy and lactation is to be avoided May interfere with diabetic therapies In view of the lack of toxicological data, excessive use should be avoided (CAN) Apprehension, diarrhea, hiccups, and restlessness have been reported as side effects of gugulipid administration (CAN) Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 519 Extracts (Myrrh) — The resin kills germs and stimulates macrophages (SKY) Extracts of C abyssinica stimulate phagocytosis in mice inoculated with Escherichia coli Other species of Commiphora have demonstrated antiaggregant, antioxidant, cardioprotective, hypocholesterolemic, and hypotriglyceridemic activities suggesting the utility of these gums, like many other gums, in preventing and moderating heart disease And I kinda like the idea of a gum for a gum disease MYRTLE (Myrtus communis L.) ++ M Activities (Myrtle) — Analgesic (f; FEL); Antibacterial (1; BIB; PH2); Antiedemic (1; MPI; PH2); Antiseptic (1; BIB; FEL; PH2); Antispasmodic (f; BIB); Astringent (f; BIB); Bronchosecretolytic (1; PH2); Carminative (f; BIB); CNS Depressant (1; PH2); Collyrium (f; BIB); Deodorant (1; FEL; PH2); Fungicide (1; PH2); Hypoglycemic (1; PH2); Parasiticide (1; ABS; BIB; FT68:276); Pectoral (f; BIB); Rubefacient (f; BIB); Sedative (f; BIB); Stimulant (f; BIB); Stomachic (f; BIB; HHB); Tonic (f; BIB); Vermifuge (f; BIB) Indications (Myrtle) — Adenopathy (f; JLH); Alopecia (f; DEP); Aphtha (f; BIB; DEP); Aposteme (f; JLH); Arthrosis (1; MPI); Bacteria (1; BIB; PH2; WOI); Bleeding (f; BIB); BPH (f; PH2); Bronchosis (1; BIB; FEL; HHB; PH2); Cacoethes (f; BIB); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, gum (f; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Cancer, throat (f; JLH); Cancer, uterus (f; JLH); Catarrh (f; FEL); Cold (1; PH2); Condylomata (f; BIB); Conjunctivosis (f; FEL); Cough (f; MAD); Cramp (f; BIB); Cystosis (1; BIB; FEL; PH2); Dermatosis (f; FEL); Diarrhea (1; BIB; MAD; PH2); Dropsy (f; MAD); Dysentery (f; BIB); Dyspepsia (f; BIB); Eczema (f; BIB); Edema (1; MPI); Encephalosis (f; BIB; DEP); Enterosis (f; JLH); Epilepsy (f; BIB; WOI); Fatigue (f; PH2); Fever (f; BIB); Fibroid (f; JLH); Fungus (1; PH2); Gangrene (f; FEL); Gas (f; BIB); Gastrosis (f; BIB; MAD); Gingivosis (f; JLH); Gonorrhea (f; MAD); Gray Hair (f; BIB); Headache (f; BIB); Hemorrhoid (f; FEL; PH2); Hepatosis (f; BIB; JLH; WOI); Hyperglycemia (1; PH2); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (1; PH2); Inflammation (1; MPI); Insomnia (f; BIB); Leishmania (1; ABS FT68:276); Leukorrhea (f; BIB; FEL; PH2); Mastosis (f; JLH); Menorrhagia (f; FEL); Mycosis (1; PH2); Nephrosis (f; FEL); Nervousness (f; BIB); Night Sweats (f; BIB); Otosis (f; PH2); Pain (f; FEL; MAD); Parasite (1; ABS; BIB; FT68:276); Parotosis (f; JLH); Pertussis (1; PH2); Pharyngosis (f; FEL); Phthisis (f; BIB); Pleurodynia (f; 520 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs MAD); Polyp (f; BIB; JLH); Proctosis (f; JLH); Prolapse (f; BIB); Pulmonosis (1; BIB; MAD); Pyelosis (f; BIB); Rheumatism (f; BIB); Sinusosis (f; PH2); Smallpox (1; BIB); Sore (f; BIB); Splenosis (f; JLH); Swelling (1; MPI; PH2); Tonsilosis (f; JLH); Tuberculosis (1; MAD; PH2; WOI); Urogenitosis (f; BIB); Uterosis (f; BIB; JLH); Wart (f; JLH); Whitlow (f; BIB); Worm (f; BIB; PH2); Wound (1; BIB) Dosages (Myrtle) — 15–40 grains powdered myrtle for catarrh, nephrosis, and phthisis (FEL); 1–2 drops several ×/day (MAD); 15–30 g leaf/liter water for tea, but take only 0.2 g leaf per day (PH2) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Myrtle) — Not covered (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Large doses may cause diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting More than 10 g myrtle oil can threaten life due to high cineole content (myrtle contains 135–2250 ppm cineole according to my calculations, meaning 10 g myrtle would contain a maximum 22.5 mg cineole) Several herbs may attain higher levels of cineole: bay, beebalm, betel pepper, biblical mint, boldo, cajeput, cardamom, eucalyptus, ginger, greater galangal, horse balm, hyssop, lavender, nutmeg, rosemary, sage, spearmint, star anise, sweet annie, thyme, and turmeric So, by reduction, assuming no synergies or antagonisms or additivities, a ridiculous assumption, one would assume that any goods (and evils) accruing to the cineole in myrtle, should apply even more so to those listed above, which theoretically at least, may attain higher levels of cineole, some, e.g., cardamom, attaining levels more than 20fold higher Symptoms of this alleged cineole intoxication may include circulatory disorders, collapse, lowered blood pressure, and respiratory failure Do not apply oil to face of children as it may trigger asthma-like attacks, bronchial spasm, glottal spasms, even respiratory failure (PH2) M Extracts (Myrtle) — Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves, roots, and stems are active against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria The plant contains antibacterial phenols One thermolabile principle was highly active against Micrococcus pyogenes var aureus The principle resembled streptomycin in its action on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (WOI) Aqueous berry extract active against carrageenan-induced edema in the rats paw (( = ) comparable to oxyphenylbutazone); monoquiterpenes and sesquiterpenes are antibacterial, antifungal, and antiseptic (PH2) N NASTURTIUM (Tropaeolum majus L.) + Activities (Nasturtium) — Allergenic (1; HH2); Antibacterial (1; PH2); Antipyretic (1; WOI); Antiscorbutic (1; MAD); Antiseptic (1; JFM; PH2); Depurative (f; DAA; EFS); Diuretic (f; EFS); Emmenagogue (f; EFS); Expectorant (f; EFS); Fungicide (1; PH2); Laxative (f; MAD); Rodenticide (1; WOI); Rubefacient (2; PH2); Stimulant (f; DAA); Vulnerary (f; PH2) Indications (Nasturtium) — Alopecia (f; MAD; PH2); Bacteria (1; PH2; WOI); Bronchosis (2; BRU; JFM; MAD; PH2); Burn (f; BRU); Cancer (f; DAA); Candida (1; HH2); Catarrh (f; MAD; PH2); Conjunctivosis (f; WOI); Constipation (f; MAD); Cough (2; JFM; PH2); Cystosis (f; DAA; WOI); Dandruff (f; BRU); Dermatosis (f; WOI); Diaper Rash (f; BRU); Dysmenorrhea (2; HH2; PH2); Emphysema (f; MAD); Escherichia (f; HH2); Fever (1; WOI); Flu (f; WOI); Fungus (1; PH2; WOI); Gas (f; DAA; MAD); Infection (1; JFM; PH2; WOI); Inflammation (f; WOI); Itch (f; DAA); Mycosis (1; PH2; WOI); Nephrosis (f; WOI); Ophthalmia (f; WOI); Pulmonosis (f; DAA); Respirosis (f; PH2); Ringworm (f; DAA); Salmonella (1; HH2); Scurvy (f; DAA); Shigella (1; HH2); Sore (f; WOI); Staphylococcus (f; HH2); Streptococcus (f; HH2); Sunburn (f; BRU); Tuberculosis (1; HH2; PH2); Urogenitosis (f; DAA); UTI (2; PH2; WOI); Wound (f; HH2; PH2); Yeast (1; HH2) Dosages (Nasturtium) — 30 g juice (MAD; PH2); 30 g leaf/liter water (PH2); 14.4 mg benzylisothiocyanate ×/day (PH2) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Nasturtium) — Not covered (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Overdoses can irritate mucous membranes and skin NEEM (Azadirachta indica A Juss.) + Synonyms: Antelaea azadirachta (L.) Adelb., Melia azadirachta L 521 N 522 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs The Herbal PDR uses Antelaea The USDA continues to use Azadirachta Many authors, including KAP, have confused neem and chinaberry Activities (Neem) — Alterative (f; DAD; SUW); Amebicide (1; WO2); Analgesic (1; APA); Anorectic (f; KAB); Antiaggregant (1; WO2); Antiarrhythmic (1; WO2); Antibacterial (1; WO2); Antidiabetic (f; WO2); Antifeedant (f; WO2); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; PH2; WO2); Antiperiodic (1; DAD); Antiplaque (1; APA); Antipyretic (1; APA; DAD; PH2); Antiseptic (1; APA; DAD; SUW); Antiviral (1; WO2); Aphrodisiac (f; KAB); Astringent (1; APA; DAD; SUW); Bitter (1; APA; SUW); Carminative (f; KAB); Contraceptive (1; APA; SKJ); Demulcent (f; SKJ; SUW); Deobstruent (f; DAD); Depurative (f; KAB); Detersive (f; DAD); Discutient (f; DAD); Diuretic (1; DAD; WO2); Emmenagogue (f; SKJ); Emollient (f; DAD); Errhine (f; KAB); Expectorant (f; KAB); Fungicide (f; WO2); Insectifuge (1; APA; DAD); Larvicide (1; APA); Laxative (f; DAD); Narcotic (1; PH2); Nematicide (1; DAD; WO2); Parasiticide (1; DAD); Pectoral (f; KAB); Pediculicide (1; PH2); Pesticide (1; APA); Pulicide (1; DAD); Sedative (f; DAD); Spermicide (1; APA; DAD); Stimulant (f; DAD); Stomachic (f; DAD; SUW); Tonic (f; DAD; SUW); Uterocontractant (1; WO2); Vermifuge (f; DAD); Vulnerary (1; APA) N Indications (Neem) — Adenopathy (f; JLH; WO2); Allergy (f; MBB); Alopecia (f; WO2); Ameba (1; WO2); Amenorrhea (f; KAB); Arrhythmia (1; WO2); Asthma (f; DAD); Bacteria (1; WO2); Biliousness (f; KAB); Bite (f; DAD); Boil (f; DAD; MBB; SUW); Bruise (f; WO2); Burn (f; DAD); Cancer (f; DAD; JLH); Cancer, abdomen (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (f; JLH); Cancer, gland (f; JLH); Cancer, parotid (f; JLH); Cancer, skin (f; JLH); Carbuncle (f; DAD); Cardiopathy (1; APA; SKJ); Catarrh (f; KAB; SUW); Childbirth (f; DAD; KAB); Cholera (1; DAD; WO2); Constipation (f; DAD); Cowpox (f; KAB); Debility (f; KAB); Dermatosis (1; APA; DAD; JLH; MBB; SUW); Diabetes (1; APA; WO2); Diarrhea (f; DAD; SKJ); Dusgeusia (f; KAB); Dysentery (f; SKJ); Dyspepsia (f; KAB; PH2); Dysuria (f; SKJ; WO2); Earache (f; WO2); Eczema (f; DAD; SUW); Enterosis (f; SKJ); Fatigue (f; KAB); Fever (1; APA; DAD; MBB; PH2); Fungus (f; MBB; WO2); Furunculosis (f; DAD); Gingivosis (1; APA; DAD; SUW); Gray Hair (f; WO2); Heat Rash (f; DAD); Hemorrhoid (f; APA; WO2); Hepatosis (f; SKJ); Hernia (f; DAD); Herpes (f; DAD); Infection (f; MBB; WO2); Inflammation (1; APA; PH2; WO2); Insomnia (f; DAD); Itch (f; MBB); Jaundice (f; SKJ); Leprosy (f; DAD; MBB; PH2); Leukoderma (f; WO2); Malaria (1; APA; DAD; MBB; PH2; SUW); Measles (f; DAD); Metrosis (1; WO2); Mycosis (f; WO2); Nausea (f; DAD); Nervousness (f; DAD); Pain (1; APA); Parasite (1; DAD; KAB); Parotosis (f; JLH); Pediculosis (f; PH2); Plaque (1; APA); Protozoa (1; KAB); Pyorrhea (f; DAD); Rheumatism (f; DAD; SUW); Rhinosis (f; KAB); Ringworm (1; DAD); Salmonella (1; WO2); Scabies (1; APA; DAD); Scald (f; DAD); Scrofula (f; DAD); Seborrhea (f; DAD); Smallpox (f; DAD); Snakebite (f; DAD; SUW); Sore (f; DAD; SUW); Splenosis (f; DAD); Sprain (f; WO2); Sting (f; KAB; SUW); Stomatosis (f; DAD); Syphilis (1; DAD; KAB); Toothache (f; DAD); Toxemia (f; MBB); Tuberculosis (f; SKJ); Ulcer (1; APA); VD (1; KAB); Virus (1; WO2); Worm (1; APA; DAD; PH2); Wound (1; APA; KAB; MBB) Dosages (Neem) — 2–4 (500 mg) leaf-powder capsules with meals (trade recommendation); 100 g bark soaked in liter water daily for one month as male contraceptive (SKJ) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Neem) — Not covered (AHP) No health hazards known at proper dosage levels (PHR) Excessive doses can cause convulsions, dyspnea, stupor, even death (APA) The oil seems to be more toxic to children because of an as yet undefined toxin that is particularly significant to younger people Intoxication suggests Reye’s .. .Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 519 Extracts (Myrrh) — The resin kills germs and stimulates macrophages (SKY) Extracts of C abyssinica stimulate phagocytosis... JLH); Pertussis (1; PH2); Pharyngosis (f; FEL); Phthisis (f; BIB); Pleurodynia (f; 520 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs MAD); Polyp (f; BIB; JLH); Proctosis (f; JLH); Prolapse (f; BIB); Pulmonosis (1;... A Juss.) + Synonyms: Antelaea azadirachta (L.) Adelb., Melia azadirachta L 521 N 522 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs The Herbal PDR uses Antelaea The USDA continues to use Azadirachta Many authors,