Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 783 Jaundice (f; DEM; FAD); Kidney Stone (f; FAD); Metrorrhagia (1; FAD); Nephrosis (f; DEM; FAD); Pain (f; DEM); Pulmonosis (f; FAD); Rash (f; APA); Scurvy (f; DEM; FAD); Sore (f; DEM); Sore Throat (1; APA; FAD); Stomachache (f; DEM; FAD); Sunburn (1; APA; FAD); Tartar (f; APA; DEM); Ulcer (1; APA); Water Retention (f; FAD) Dosages (Wild Strawberry) — tsp chopped leaf/cup water several ×/day (APA) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Wild Strawberry) — Class (AHP) WILD SUNFLOWER (Grindelia camporum Greene) + Synonym: Grindelia robusta Nutt Activities (Wild Sunflower) — Antiasthmatic (f; PNC); Antibacterial (1; KOM); Antiedemic (f; PNC); Antiinflammatory (f; PNC); Antispasmodic (f; PNC); Expectorant (f; PNC) Indications (Wild Sunflower) — Asthma (f; PNC); Bacteria (1; KOM); Bronchosis (2; PHR); Catarrh (2; KOM); Cough (2; PHR); Cramp (f; PNC); Cystosis (f; PNC); Dermatosis (f; PNC); Inflammation (f; PNC); Respirosis (2; KOM); Swelling (f; PNC) Dosages (Wild Sunflower) — 4–6 g herb (KOM); 3–6 g liquid herb extract (KOM); 0.05–1.2 ml liquid herb extract (PNC) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Wild Sunflower) — Commission E reports no contraindications, adverse effects, or interactions except for gastric irritation (AEH; KOM) Large doses are said to be poisonous (PHR) WILD TEASEL (Dipsacus fullonum L.) ++ Synonym: Dipsacus sylvestris Huds Activities (Wild Teasel) — Diaphoretic (f; WOI); Diuretic (f; WOI) Indications (Wild Teasel) — Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, penis (f; JLH); Dermatosis (f; PH2); Eczema (f; PH2); Felon (f; JLH); Fever (f; WOI); Fistula (f; PH2); Inflammation (f; JLH); Rhagades (f; W 784 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs HHB); Rheumatism (f; PH2); Wart (f; HHB; JLH); Water Retention (f; WOI); Wen (f; JLH); Whitlow (f; JLH); Wound (f; PH2) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Wild Teasel) — Not covered (AHP; KOM) None reported at designated dosages (not given) (PH2) WILD TURNIP (Brassica rapa L ssp campestris (L.) A R Clapham) ++ Many writers not distinguish between black, brown (Indian), and white mustard (Brassica nigra (L.) W D J Koch, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., and Brassica alba (synonym of Sinapis alba L subsp alba), respectively) but the spice and medicine trade seems to favor the white And the canola and rapeseed varieties have been hopelessly manipulated, even in the GMO field Few, if any, taxonomists and agronomists can distinguish all Brassica varieties and species, and probably fewer chemists, herbalists, pharmacists, and physicians can be sure of the variety or species My entries can be no more reliable than their sources Seems as though the group might better be treated generically than specifically or varietally Activities (Wild Turnip) — Antibacterial (1; HHB); Antiscorbutic (f; EFS); Antiseptic (1; HHB); Cardiotoxic (1; PH2); Fungicide (1; HHB); Laxative (f; EFS); Parasiticide (1; HHB) Indications (Wild Turnip) — Bacteria (1; HHB); Cancer (1; JLH); Cancer, breast (1; JLH); Cancer, spleen (1; JLH); Constipation (f; EFS); Corn (f; JLH); Escherichia (f; JLH); Fungus (1; HHB); Infection (1; HHB); Mycosis (1; HHB); Parasite (1; HHB); Splenosis (f; JLH); Wart (f; JLH); Yeast (1; HHB) Dosages (Wild Turnip) — Food farmacy as far as I am concerned Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Wild Turnip) — Not covered (AHP; KOM) None at proper doses (PH2) Rapeseed oil ingested in overdose can be cardiotoxic And in huge doses, hard to get dietarily, indole-3-carbinol might stimulate breast cancer rather than prevent it because it does so at levels reasonably attainable through dietary consumption of crucifers (Brassicaceae) Don’t overdo it In huge quantities, glucosinolate/isothiocyanate-containing crucifers might upset the thyroid Hyperthyroidism with goiter traced “to the use of the isothiocyanates in mustard” (APA) Delaneyite nitpickological gene jocks will doubtless clamor to put the same goitrogenic warning on all members of the mustard family as well as papaya, caper, and nasturtium, and all genistein-containing legumes Our genes coevolved with the genistein and glucosinolates for millions of years! WILD YAM (Dioscorea villosa L.) ++ W Synonyms: D hirticaulis Bartlett, D villosa var hirticaulis (Bartlett) H E Ahles Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 785 Activities (Wild Yam) — Analeptic (1; HHB); Analgesic (f; APA; FAD); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; PNC; WAM); Antioxidant (f; SKY); Antirheumatic (1; APA; PED); Antispasmodic (1; APA; PH2; SKY; WAM); Antiulcer (1; PH2); Bitter (f; PED); Cholagogue (f; PNC); Diaphoretic (f; APA; FEL; PH2; PNC); Diuretic (f; HHB); Emetic (f; TOM); Estrogenic (f; PH2); Expectorant (f; APA; FEL; HHB); Hepatoprotective (1; PH2); Hypocholesterolemic (1; PH2); Hypoglycemic (f; SKY); Mastogenic (1; PH2); Myorelaxant (f; APA) Indications (Wild Yam) — Angina (f; MAD); Appendicitis (f; MAD); Arthrosis (f; APA; PED); Asthma (f; FEL); Atherosclerosis (f; MAD); Biliousness (f; FEL; TOM); Childbirth (f; DEM; FAD); Cholecystosis (f; PHR); Cholera (1; MAD); Colic (1; APA; PH2; PNC; SKY; TOM; WAM); Conjunctivosis (f; FEL); Cramp (f; APA; MAD; PH2; SKY; WAM); Dysentery (f; MAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA; MAD; PH2; PNC); Enterosis (1; HHB; MAD; PH2); Fever (f; APA; FEL; PH2; PNC); Frigidity (f; HHB); Gallstone (f; APA; MAD); Gas (1; MAD; WAM); Gastrosis (f; FAD; FEL); Headache (1; WAM); Hemorrhoid (f; MAD); Hepatosis (1; FEL; PH2); Hiccup (f; FAD; MAD); High Cholesterol (1; PH2; SKY); High Triglycerides (1; APA; SKY); Hyperglycemia (f; SKY); Hysteria (f; MAD); IBS (f; PED); Impotence (f; HHB; MAD); Inflammation (1; APA; FNF; PNC; TOM: WAM); Ischiosis (f; MAD); Jaundice (f; FEL); Low HDL (1; APA); Menopause (f; SKY); Morning Sickness (f; APA; FAD; FEL; TOM); Myosis (f; SKY); Nausea (f; FEL; TOM); Nephrosis (f; MAD); Neuropathy (f; HHB; MAD); Neurasthenia (f; HHB; MAD); Pain (f; APA; DEM; FAD; MAD); Parturition (f; APA); Rheumatism (1; APA; HHB; MAD; PED; PNC; TOM); Spermatorrhea (f; MAD); Stomachache (f; MAD); Syphilis (f; MAD); Tenesmus (f; MAD); Tension (1; WAM); Ulcer (1; PH2); VD (f; MAD); Vomiting (f; FEL; TOM); Water Retention (f; HHB) Dosages (Wild Yam) — 250–500 mg root/day (APA); 2–4 g powdered root (HHB); 40–400 mg powdered root (MAD); 1–2 tsp fresh root (PED); 2–4 g dry root (PED); g dry root:15 ml alcohol/15 ml water (PED); 2–3 ml root tincture 3–4 ×/day (SKY); 0.5 tsp root tincture ×/day (APA); 20–60 drops root tincture (FEL); 2–4 ml liquid root extract/day (APA); (505 mg) capsules/day; (505 mg) StX capsule/day (JAD); 2–4 fluid oz decoction Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Wild Yam) — Class Large doses of tincture are emetic (AHP) While the medicinal yams may be so rich in saponins as to be distasteful, overconsumption is not to be recommended Reichert (1996) reports GI distress in volunteers taking high doses of wild yam, after saying that the investigators (Araghiniknam et al, 1996) he was reviewing “noted no adverse effects.” Gruenwald warns that overdoses could lead to picrotoxin-like poisonings due to dioscorin (PHR) Diosgenin may reduce antiinflammatory effects of indomethacin (PH2) May be additively estrogenic with true estrogen (PH2) Use may be inappropriate in hormonal disorders (WAM) Use during pregnancy not advised (WAM) Limit children’s use to week (WAM) Starter material for progesterone, testosterone, and other steroids and corticosteroids Steroids used for arthrosis, dysmenorrhea, menopause (PMS) Not covered in Commission E (KOM) W 786 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs WINGED BEAN, ASPARAGUS PEA (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) ++ Synonyms: Botor tetragonolobus (L.) Kuntze, Dolichos tetragonolobus L Activities (Winged Bean) — Anthelminthic (1; X11315752); Antibacterial (1; X10630117); Anticancer (1; FNF; JBH); Antiedemic (1; X7701004); Anti-HIV (1; FNF); Antiinflammatory (1; FNF; X11684183); Antileukemic (1; X9353895); Antimalarial (1; FNF); Antimelanomic (1; FNF; X7489361); Antinociceptive (1; X103991940); Antiplasmodial (1; FNF); Antiseptic (f; DAD); Antitumor (1; FNF; JBH); Antiviral (1; FNF); Aphrodisiac (f; DAD); Apoptotic (1; X11107130; X7489361); Cytotoxic (1; FNF); Depurative (f; DAD); Phospholipase-A2 Inhibitor (1; X11684183) Indications (Winged Bean) — Anemia (f; DAD); Bacteria (1; X10630117); Boil (f; DAD); Cancer (1; FNF; JBH; X11107130); Cancer, brain (1; X10399962); Candida (f; DAD); Diabetes (f; DAD); Dyspepsia (f; DAD); Edema (1; X7701004); Fungus (f; DAD); Glioblastoma (1; X10399962); HIV (1; FNF); Infection (1; DAD; FNF); Leukemia (1; X9353895); Malaria (1; FNF); Medulloblastoma (1; X10399962); Melanoma (1; FNF; X7489361); Neuroblastoma (1; X11107130); Obesity (f; DAD); Ophthalmia (f; DAD); Otosis (f; DAD); Pain (1; X103991940); Smallpox (f; DAD); Swelling (1; X7701004); Toothache (f; DAD); VD (f; DAD); Vertigo (f; DAD); Virus (1; FNF); Worm (1; X11315752) Dosages (Winged Bean) — Flowers, pods, seeds and roots are food farmacy (JAD) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Winged Bean) — Not covered (AHP; KOM; PH2) Roots are one of the best sources of betulinic acid (to 5.3%) in my database The tuberous roots were reportedly edible W WINGED PRICKLY-ASH (Zanthoxylum armatum DC) ++ Synonyms: Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb., Zanthoxylum planispinum Siebold & Zucc Activities (Winged Prickly-Ash) — Antibacterial (1; WOI); Antiseptic (1; WOI); Aperitif (f; KAB); Astringent (f; KAB); Bitter (f; KAB); Carminative (f; KAB; KAP; SUW; WOI); Dentifrice (1; WOI); Deodorant (1; WOI); Depurative (f; KAB); Diaphoretic (f; KAB); Fungicide (1; WOI); Hepatotonic (f; KAB); Hypoglycemic (1; WOI); Insectifuge (1; WOI); Pectoral (f; KAB); Piscicide Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 787 (f; KAB; SUW); Stimulant (f; KAB); Stomachic (f; KAB; KAP; SUW; WOI); Tonic (f; KAB; KAP); Vermifuge (1; KAB; WOI) Indications (Winged Prickly-Ash) — Anorexia (f; KAB); Asthma (f; KAB); Bacteria (1; WOI); Cancer (f; KAB); Cerebrosis (f; KAB); Cholera (1; KAB; KAP; SUW; WOI); Colic (f; KAB); Diabetes (1; WOI); Diarrhea (f; KAB); Dyspepsia (f; KAB; KAP; SUW; WOI); Dysuria (f; KAB); Enterosis (f; KAB); Escherichia (1; WOI); Fever (f; KAB; KAP; SUW; WOI); Fungus (1; WOI); Gas (f; KAB; KAP; SUW; WOI); Halitosis (f; KAB); Headache (f; KAB); Hepatosis (f; KAB); Hyperglycemia (1; WOI); Infection (1; WOI); Insanity (f; KAB); Leukoderma (f; KAB); Mycosis (1; WOI); Ophthalmia (f; KAB); Otosis (f; KAB); Pain (f; KAB); Salmonella (1; WOI); Scabies (f; WOI); Shigella (1; WOI); Snakebite (f; KAB); Splenosis (f; KAB); Stomatosis (f; KAB); Toothache (f; KAB; KAP); Worm (1; KAB; WOI) Dosages (Winged Prickly-Ash) — 0.6–1.2 g powdered fruit (KAP); 1–3 g powdered bark (KAP); 28–56 ml bark tea (KAP) WINTER CHERRY, CHINESE LANTERN (Physalis alkekengi L.) + PH2 muddies the issue by listing Cape Gooseberry as another common name I’m reserving that name for Physalis peruviana L Synonym: Physalis edulis Sims Activities (Winter Cherry) — Abortifacient (f; DAA); Alterative (f; EFS; SKJ); Antiinflammatory (f; DAA); Antipyretic (f; DAA; EFS); Antitussive (f; DAA); Aperient (f; EFS); Depurative (f; MAD); Diuretic (f; DAA; PH2); Expectorant (f; DAA); Hepatic (f; EFS); Hydragogue (f; WOI); Litholytic (f; MAD); Nephrotonic (f; MAD); Tonic (f; EFS); Uricosuric (f; MAD); Uterocontractant (f; DAA); Vermifuge (f; SKJ; WOI) Indications (Winter Cherry) — Arthrosis (f; MAD); Bleeding (f; HHB); Boil (f; DAA); Bronchosis (f; DAA); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, anus (f; JLH); Childbirth (f; DAA); Cough (f; DAA); Cystosis (f; HHB; MAD; PH2); Dermatosis (f; SKJ); Diabetes (f; DAA); Dropsy (f; MAD); Dysentery (f; DAA); Dysmenorrhea (f; MAD); Dysuria (f; SKJ); Fever (f; DAA; EFS); Gas (f; W ...784 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs HHB); Rheumatism (f; PH2); Wart (f; HHB; JLH); Water Retention (f; WOI); Wen (f;... W Synonyms: D hirticaulis Bartlett, D villosa var hirticaulis (Bartlett) H E Ahles Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 785 Activities (Wild Yam) — Analeptic (1; HHB); Analgesic (f; APA; FAD); Antiinflammatory... for arthrosis, dysmenorrhea, menopause (PMS) Not covered in Commission E (KOM) W 786 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs WINGED BEAN, ASPARAGUS PEA (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) ++ Synonyms: