448 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs PH2); Hematemesis (f; DEM); Mastosis (f; DEM); Ophthalmia (f; DEM); Pain (f; DEM); Respirosis (f; PH2); Rickets (f; GMH); Sore (f; DEM); Tapeworm (f; WO2); Uterosis (f; DEM); VD (f; DEM); Water Retention (f; DEM); Worm (f; GMH; WOI); Wound (f; GMH) Dosages (Lady Fern) — 1–2 tablets or 10–20 drops ×/day (PH2) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Lady Fern) — Not covered (AHP; KOM) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Used as male fern but less powerful (GMH) LADY’S BEDSTRAW (Galium verum L.) ++ Activities (Lady’s Bedstraw) — Alterative (f; WOI); Antispasmodic (f; HHB); Aphrodisiac (f; HHB); Astringent (1; WOI); Bitter (f; WOI); Diuretic (f; PH2; WOI); Hypotensive (1; HHB) Indications (Lady’s Bedstraw) — Bleeding (f; GMH); Burn (f; HHB); Cancer (f; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cancer, ganglion (f; JLH); Cancer, skin (f; JLH); Catarrh (f; HHB); Cramp (f; HHB); Cystosis (f; PH2); Dermatosis (f; GMH; HHB); Dropsy (f; HHB); Dysuria (f; GMH; WOI); Edema (f; PH2); Enterosis (f; HHB); Epilepsy (f; GMH; WOI); Gravel (f; GMH; WOI); High Blood Pressure (1; HHB); Hysteria (f; GMH; WOI); Infection (f; PH2); Mastosis (f; JLH); Nephrosis (f; PH2); Pleurosis (f; HHB); Sore (f; JLH); Stone (f; GMH; WOI); Swelling (f; PH2); Water Retention (f; PH2; WOI); Wound (f; GMH; HHB; PH2) Dosages (Lady’s Bedstraw) — heaping tsp in 250 ml water, 2–3 cups/day (PH2) L Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Lady’s Bedstraw) — Class I (AHP).“Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Asperuloside hypotensive in canines (HHB) LADY’S MANTLE (Alchemilla vulgaris L or A xanthochlora Rothm.) ++ Activities (Lady’s Mantle) — Angioprotective (1; X3635653); Antiinflammatory (f; APA); Antioxidant (1; APA); Antitumor (1; APA; PHR); Aperitif (f; APA); Astringent (2; APA; KOM); Chymotrypsin Inhibitor (1; PHR; PH2); Diuretic (f; APA); Elastase Inhibitor (1; PHR; PH2); Fungicide (1; APA); Hemostat (2; APA; KOM); Mutagenic (1; APA); Myorelaxant (f; APA); Trypsin Inhibitor (1; PHR; PH2) Indications (Lady’s Mantle) — Anorexia (f; APA); Bleeding (2; APA; KOM); Bruise (f; APA); Cancer (1; APA; PHR); Cramp (f; APA); Dermatosis (f; PHR; PH2); Diarrhea (2; APA; KOM; PH2); Dysmenorrhea (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Eczema (f; PHR; PH2); Enterosis (1; APA; PHR; PH2); Fungus (1; APA); Gastrosis (f; PHR; PH2); Hepatosis (f; PH2); Infection (1; APA); Inflammation (1; APA); Leukorrhea (f; PH2; PNC); Menopause (f; PH2); Menorrhagia (f; APA; BIS; PNC); Mycosis (1; APA); Pharyngosis (1; PHR; PH2); Rash (f; PH2); Sore (1; PH2); Sore Throat (1; PH2); Stomatosis (1; PHR; PH2); Tumor (1; APA; PHR); Vaginosis (f; APA; PNC); Vulvosis (f; PNC); Water Retention (f; APA) Dosages (Lady’s Mantle) — 1–2 tsp (1–2 g) herb/cup water (APA; WIC); 2–4 g/herb/cup tea (PHR; PH2); 1–2 g herb (1 tsp = 0.9 g) (BIS); 3–6 g herb/day (KOM); 5–10 g herb (KOM); 5–10 g herb tincture (APA); 2–4 ml liquid herb extract (PNC) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Lady’s Mantle) — Class (AHP) Tannin warnings None reported (BIS) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 449 LADY’S SLIPPER (Cypripedium spp.) XX (endangered) PH2 data apply only to “nerve root” Cypripedium calceolus L.; DEM data apply to the “greater yellow lady’s slipper” C pubescens Willd Activities (Lady’s Slipper) — Allergenic (1; APA); Analgesic (f; CRC; DEM); Antispasmodic (f; APA; CRC; EFS); Aphrodisiac (f; CRC; EFS); Astringent (f; PH2); Calmative (f; CRC); Dermatitigenic (1; APA; FAD); Hemostat (1; PH2); Hypnotic (f; APA); Nervine (f; CRC; EFS); Sedative (f; APA; CRC; FAD); Stimulant (f; CRC); Soporific (f; CRC; EFS); Stimulant (f; EFS); Tonic (f; CRC; EFS); Tranquilizer (f; CRC) Indications (Lady’s Slipper) — Anxiety (f; APA); Backache (f; DEM); Bleeding (1; PH2); Brain (f; CRC); Childbirth (f; APA); Chorea (f; CRC); Convulsion (f; CRC); Cramp (f; APA; CRC; EFS); Debility (f; CRC); Delirium tremens (f; CRC); Depression (f; APA; FAD); Despondency (f; CRC; FAD); Diarrhea (f; PH2); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA; FAD); Ecstasy (f; CRC); Epilepsy (f; APA; CRC); Erethism (f; HHB); Erythema (f; CRC); Fever (f; CRC); Gastrosis (f; CRC); Headache (f; APA; CRC; FAD); Hemicrania (f; CRC); Hypochondria (f; CRC); Hysteria (f; APA; CRC; DEM; PH2); Inflammation (f; DEM); Insomnia (f; APA; CRC; FAD; PH2); Itch (f; PH2); Menorrhagia (1; PH2); Nerve (f; CRC); Nervousness (f; APA; CRC; FAD); Neuralgia (f; APA; CRC); Neurosis (f; CRC; PH2); Odontosis (f; CRC); Pain (f; APA; CRC; DEM); PMS (f; FAD); Pulmonosis (f; DEM); Spermatorrhea (f; CRC); Stress (f; APA); Stye (f; CRC); Toothache (f; DEM; HHB); Tremor (f; CRC); Tuberculosis (f; DEM); Vulvosis (f; JLH); Worm (f; DEM) Dosages (Lady’s Slipper) — 2–4 g root, or in tea, ×/day (CAN; PH2; PNC); 2–4 ml liquid root extract (1:1 in 45% ethanol) ×/day (CAN; PH2; PNC) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Lady’s Slipper) — Reported to be allergenic; may cause dermatosis, giddiness, hallucinations, headache, mental excitement, and restlessness (CAN) I’m sure APA had good intentions, but their quote, which follows, may put further pressure on an already rare species, “Lady’s slipper can cause psychedelic reactions” (APA) Foster and Duke may stir up some other unusual lady slipper diggers looking for relief from “mental depression from sexual abuse.” “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) LAMBKILL (Kalmia angustifolia L.) X Synonym: K intermedia Lange Activities (Lambkill) — Analgesic (f; DEM); Panacea (f; DEM); Poison (f; DEM); Tonic (f; DEM) Indications (Lambkill) — Backache (f; DEM; FAD); Cold (f; DEM); Enterosis (f; DEM); Gastrosis (f; DEM); Headache (f; DEM); Head Cold (f; DEM); Inflammation (f; DEM); Pain (f; DEM); Rheumatism (f; MIC); Rhinosis (f; DEM); Sore (f; MIC); Sprain (f; DEM; FAD); Swelling (f; DEM; FAD; MIC) Dosages (Lambkill) — Do not take it (JAD) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Lambkill) — Not covered (AHP; KOM; PH2) LAMINARIA, BROWN KELP (Laminaria hyperborea (Gunn.) Fosl.) ++ Indications (Laminaria) — Goiter (f; EFS); Thyroid (f; PH2) L 450 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Laminaria) — Not covered (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD) With doses over 150 µg/day iodide, one may induce or worsen hyperthyroid (PH2) May be allergenic (PH2) LANGSAT, DUKU (Lansium domesticum Correa) ++ (for fruit pulp) Activities (Langsat) — Analgesic (f; LMP); Antipyretic (f; WOI); Antispasmodic (f; WOI); Astringent (f; WOI); Diuretic (f; LMP); Stomachic (f; LMP);Vermifuge (f; WOI) Indications (Langsat) — Conjunctivosis (f; IHB); Cramp (f; WOI); Diarrhea (f; WOI); Dysentery (f; WOI); Enterosis (f; LMP; WOI); Fever (f; IHB; LMP; WOI); Gastrosis (f; LMP); Malaria (f; IHB); Ophthalmia (f; IHB); Pain (f; LMP); Sting (f; IHB; LMP); Tuberculosis (f; LMP); Water Retention (f; LMP); Worm (f; IHB; LMP; WOI) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Langsat) — Diabetics are warned against using the seed decoction (LMP) Children are forbidden from eating the fruits because exocarp (peel) causes pain in the larynx and small lumps on the mucous membrane (LMP) Peel of fruit is burned as a mosquito repellent in Java (LMP; WOI) Lansium acid, injected into a frog, caused heart failure in 3–4 hours (LMP) LARKSPUR, FORKING LARKSPUR (Consolida regalis S F Gray) X L Synonym: Delphinium consolida L I hope the nonbotanists who wrote Commission E and the Herbal PDR have figured out the larkspurs better than I have Otherwise, they know not of which larkspur they speak There are more than a dozen Consolidas and Delphiniums, many called larkspurs And don’t forget the pediculicide stavesacre, D staphisagria (the USDA did) After wasting a day with the nomenclatorial nuances, I feel I should treat three species or lump them all into one, larkspur, Consolida regalis (formerly Delphinium consolida), the slightly different rocket larkspur, Consolida ajacis, and finally the stavesacre, Delphinium staphasiagria, not covered by the USDA All are poisonous and dangerous, and probably not reliably distinguished by nonbotanists So it is, methinks, a bit presumptuous to believe the data in the literature were based on better speculations than mine Activities (Forking Larkspur) — Aperitif (f; KOM); Bradycardic (f; KOM); Cardiodepressant (f; KOM); CNS-Depressant (f; KOM); Curare (f; KOM); Diuretic (f; HHB; KOM; PH2); Hypotensive (f; KOM); Laxative (f; HHB); Respiradepressant (f; KOM); Sedative (f; KOM; PH2); Vermifuge (f; HHB; KOM; PH2) Indications (Forking Larkspur) — Anorexia (f; KOM); Constipation (f; HHB); High Blood Pressure (f; KOM); Insomnia (f; KOM; PH2); Nervousness (f; KOM; PH2); Water Retention (f; HHB; KOM; PH2); Worm (f; HHB; KOM; PH2) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Forking Larkspur) — Not covered (AHP) No health risks or side effects reported from proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages (PH2) But the LD50 in rabbits, intravenously, is only 1.5–3 mg/kg (PH2) Commission E reports flower is not permitted for therapeutic use (KOM), while citing unapproved folk usage as diuretic, orexigenic, sedative, and vermifuge The plant contains toxic alkaloids, but there are no reliable data on the alkaloid level in the flowers (AEH) Alkaloids are bradycardic, cardiodepressant, CNS-depressant, hypotensive, and respiradepressant Seed and leaf of some species are dermatitigenic Ajacine and delphinine occur in seed and young plants of many Delphinium spp Ingestion of such species may upset nerves and stomach, death may occur if the plant is eaten Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 451 in large quantities, especially by children In Asia, where seeds reportedly poison cattle, seeds are still dangerously used as cathartics and emetics (CRC) The Herbal PDR, and I, often get too broad-brushed and talk generically, in the process condemning innocent species and occasionally praising undeserving species LATUA (Latua pubiflora (Gris.) Phil.) X Activities (Latua) — Aphrodisiac (f; CRC); Deliriant (1; CRC); Hallucinogen (1; CRC); Narcotic (1; CRC); Piscicide (1; CRC); Poison (1; CRC); Psychedelic (1; CRC) Indications (Latua) — Impotence (f; CRC) LAVENDER (Lavandula spp.) ++ L The KOM and PH2 references specify Lavandula angustifolia Mill., but I doubt there is any way they can prove the research was done on Lavandula angustifolia Further, they blur the lines, as 452 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs does my entry here, sometimes talking about the herb (flowering shoots), sometimes talking about the EO, or spirits The DEP and MAD entries are more generic Activities (Lavender) — Allergenic (1; CRC); Analgesic (1; JBU); Anesthetic (1; JBU); Antialzheimeran (1; COX; FNF); Antiarthritic (1; COX; FNF); Antibacterial (1; BGB; HH2); Anticancer (1; COX; FNF); Anticonvulsant (1; APA; SHT); Antiinflammatory (1; COX; FNF; WAM); Antirheumatic (f; BGB); Antiseptic (1; APA; HH2; PH2; PNC); Antispasmodic (1; APA; BGB; CRC; HH2; PNC); Antiviral (1; JBU); Anxiolytic (1; HH2); Aperitif (1; PH2); Carminative (2; BGB; DEP; KOM; PIP); Cholagogue (1; APA; BGB; PHR; PH2); Choleretic (1; APA; BGB; PHR; PH2); CNS-Depressant (1; APA; BGB; HH2; PNC; PH2); Convulsant (1; CRC); COX-2 Inhibitor (1; COX; FNF); Digestive (f; APA); Diuretic (f; APA; CRC; HHB); Emmenagogue (f; MAD); Fungicide (1; JBU); Hypoglycemic (1; APA); Insectifuge (f; APA; CRC); Motor Depressant (f; SHT); Narcotic (1; CRC); Nervine (1; MAD; WAM); Neurodepressant (1; PH2); Rubefacient (1; BGB; PHR); Sedative (2; APA; HHB; HH2; KOM; PH2; SHT); Stimulant (f; CRC); Stomachic (f; CRC; HHB); Tonic (f; APA; CRC); Tranquilizer (1; SHT); Vulnerary (f; PH2) L Indications (Lavender) — Acne (f; CRC); Alzheimer’s (1; COX; FNF); Anorexia (2; BGB; CRC; PHR; PH2); Anxiety (1; HH2; SHT); Arthrosis (1; COX; FNF); Asthma (f; PH2); Bacteria (1; BGB; HH2); Bronchosis (f; HH2; PH2); Burn (1; WAM); Cancer (1; APA; COX; FNF); Cancer, breast (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, liver (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, sinew (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, spleen (1; CRC; JLH); Candida (1; HH2); Cholecystosis (1; APA); Circulosis (2; PH2); Cold (f; APA); Colic (f; CRC; HHB; MAD); Convulsion (1; APA; SHT); Cramp (1; APA; BGB; CRC; HH2; PH2; PNC; WAM); Dementia (f; APA); Depression (f; APA; BGB); Dermatosis (f; APA); Diabetes (1; APA); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA; HH2); Dyspepsia (2; APA; PH2); Eczema (f; HH2); Enterosis (2; APA; KOM; PH2; SHT); Escherichia (1; HH2); Faintness (f; CRC); Fatigue (f; CRC; PH2); Flu (f; HH2); Fungus (1; JBU); Gas (2; APA; BGB; CRC; DEP; KOM; PH2; PIP); Gastrosis (2; BGB; KOM; PH2); Giddiness (f; CRC); Gout (f; MAD); Headache (1; APA; CRC; MAD; WAM); Hepatosis (f; MAD); Hyperglycemia (1; APA); Hysteria (f; DEP); Infection (1; HH2; JBU; PH2); Inflammation (1; COX; FNF; WAM); Insanity (f; BGB); Insomnia (2; APA; HHB; HH2; KOM; PHR; PH2; SHT); Migraine (f; HHB; HH2; PH2); Mycosis (1; JBU); Nervousness (2; APA; BGB; HHB; HH2; KOM; MAD; PH2; SHT); Neuralgia (f; CRC); Neurasthenia (f; HHB); Pain (1; CRC; JBU); Palpitation (f; CRC); Parturition (1; APA); Proctosis (f; HH2); Psoriasis (f; APA); Psychosis (f; BGB); Restlessness (2; APA; KOM); Rheumatism (f; BGB; CRC; HH2; MAD; PH2); Roemheld Syndrome (2; KOM; PH2); Sore (f; CRC); Spasm (f; CRC); Splenosis (f; MAD); Sprain (f; CRC); Staphylococcus (1; HH2); Stomachache (2; KOM); Stomatosis (f; MAD); Stress (f; APA); Swelling (f; MAD); Syncope (f; DEP); Toothache (f; CRC; MAD); Vertigo (f; MAD); Virus (1; JBU); Water Retention (f; APA; CRC; HHB); Worm (f; CRC); Wound (1; APA; HH2; PH2; WAM) Dosages (Lavender) — 1–2 tsp flower/cup water several ×/day, especially bedtime (APA); 1–2 tsp flowers/day (KOM; PIP); 20–100 g flower/20 liters bath water (KOM; PIP); 5–10 ml “drug” per 150 ml water, strain, cup ×/day (PH2); 2–3 tsp (3–4.5 g) in tea/day (MAD); more dangerously drops oil (MAD); 1–4 drops (20–80 mg) oil/sugar cube (APA; SHT; PIP); 0.3–1.2 ml lavender spirit (PNC); 2–4 ml lavender tincture (PNC) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Lavender) — Class (AHP) None known (KOM).“Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) Uncut EOs not for internal use with children (WAM) Quoting Grieve’s A Modern Herbal (1931), I note that large dose of lavender oil constitute a narcotic poison that can cause death by convulsion But I think one could say that about any EO Good source of COX-2-inhibiting oleanolic acid at 0.5% and ursolic acid (0.7%) (COX; FNF; HHB) Linalool is more active than linalyl acetate .. .Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 449 LADY’S SLIPPER (Cypripedium spp.) XX (endangered) PH2 data apply only to “nerve... (Gunn.) Fosl.) ++ Indications (Laminaria) — Goiter (f; EFS); Thyroid (f; PH2) L 450 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Laminaria) — Not covered (AHP)... of such species may upset nerves and stomach, death may occur if the plant is eaten Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 451 in large quantities, especially by children In Asia, where seeds reportedly