268 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Laxative (f; CRC; DEM; FAD); Poison (f; CRC); Secretagogue (f; FEL); Sedative (f; CEB); Stimulant (f; CRC; FAD); Vulnerary (f; CRC) E Indications (Elderberry) — Abrasion (f; CRC); Ague (f; CEB); Asthma (f; CRC); Bleeding (f; FAD); Boil (f; DEM; FAD); Bronchosis (f; CRC); Bruise (f; CRC; FAD); Burn (f; CEB; CRC; FEL); Cancer (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cardiopathy (1; JNU); Catarrh (f; FEL); Chafing (f; CRC); Childbirth (f; CEB; CRC); Chill (f; CEB); Cold (1; CRC; FAD; WAM); Colic (f; CEB; DEM); Constipation (f; CRC; DEM; FAD); Cough (f; CRC); Dermatosis (f; CEB; FAD; FEL); Diphtheria (f; DEM); Dropsy (f; CRC; DEM; FEL); Dyspepsia (f; CRC); Eczema (f; FAD; FEL); Edema (f; FEL); Epilepsy (f; CRC); Erysipelas (f; CEB; FEL); Exanthema (f; FEL); Fever (1; CRC; DEM; FAD; PIP; WAM); Flu (1; JAD; JNU; WAM); Gas (f; CRC; FAD); Gastrosis (f; DEM); Gonorrhea (f; DEM); Gout (f; CRC); Headache (f; CRC; DEM); Hepatosis (f; CEB; DEM); Herpes (1; JNU); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (f; DEM); Inflammation (1; CEB; JNU); Insomnia (f; CEB); Mastosis (f; DEM; JLH); Measles (f; DEM); Migraine (f; CEB); Myalgia (f; CEB); Nervousness (f; CEB); Neuralgia (f; CEB; CRC); Neurosis (f; DEM); Pain (f; CEB; CRC; DEM); Psoriasis (f; CRC); Rheumatism (f; CEB; CRC; FEL); Rhinosis (f; FEL); Scarlatina (f; FEL); Scrofula (f; FEL); Sore (f; CEB; CRC; FAD); Sore Throat (f; CRC); Sprain (f; CRC); Stomachache (f; DEM); Stress (1; JNU); Stroke (1; JNU); Swelling (f; CRC; DEM); Syphilis (f; CRC; FEL); Toothache (f; CEB; CRC); VD (f; DEM; FEL); Virus (1; JNU; WAM); Water Retention (f; CRC; FAD); Wound (f; DEM; FAD) Dosages (Elderberry) — 2–10 g dry fruit; 2–3 (485 mg) capsules 2–3 ×/day; (485 mg) StX capsule ×/day; 10–15 g flower (PIP); 2–4 g dry flower PNC Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Elderberry) — Class (AHP) Parts of the plant may contain dangerous levels of HCN Several cases of severe poisoning from several glasses of juice involved dizziness, nausea, numbness, stupor, vomiting, and weakness (LRNP, July 1992) Seeds somewhat toxic (WAM) Eat raw berries sparingly, or cook to reduce HCN content (WAM) Don’t eat red elderberries (WAM) Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 269 ELECAMPANE (Inula helenium L.) ++ E Activities (Elecampane) — Alterative (PNC); Anthelminthic (1; PED; PH2); Antibacterial (1; APA; PED; WAM); Antidote (f; MAD); Antiinflammatory (1; PHR; PH2; WAM); Antiseptic (1; PHR; PH2); Antitumor (1; APA); Antitussive (1; PED); Aperitif (f; EFS); Cardiotonic (f; MAD); Carminative (f; APA; MAD; PHR; PH2); Cholagogue (f; PHR; PH2); Choleretic (1; APA; MAD); Decongestant (1; APA); Demulcent (1; WAM); Diaphoretic (f; EFS; PNC); Digestive (f; APA); Diuretic (1; APA; MAD; PNC; PH2); Emmenagogue (f; MAD); Expectorant (1; MAD; PED; PHR; PH2; WAM); Fungicide (1; APA; PED; PHR; PH2); Hyperglycemic (1; CAN); Hypoglycemic (1; APA; CAN); Hypotensive (1; APA; CAN); Immunostimulant (1; APA; PNC); Irritant (1; PHR; PH2); Laxative (f; APA); Mucoirritant (f; PH2); Myorelaxant (1; CAN); Paralytic (1; PH2); Parasiticide (1; APA); Sedative (1; APA; CAN); Stomachic (f; PHR; PH2); Thrombogenic (1; PH2); Tonic (1; APA; PNC); Vermifuge (1; APA; PED) Indications (Elecampane) — Amenorrhea (f; MAD); Anorexia (f; EFS); Arthrosis (f; APA; MAD); Asthma (1; APA; PED; WAM); Bacteria (1; APA; PED; WAM); Bronchosis (1; APA; MAD; PH2; PNC; WAM); Cancer (1; APA); Candida (1; PED); Cardiopathy (f; APA; MAD); Catarrh (f; MAD; PHR; PH2); Cholera (f; MAD); Cold (1; APA; MAD); Colic (f; MAD); Congestion (1; APA); Constipation (f; APA); Cough (1; APA; CAN; PH2; WAM); Cramp (f; MAD); Dermatosis (f; APA; MAD); Diabetes (1; APA; HHB); Diarrhea (1; MAD; PED; PNC); Dropsy (f; MAD); Dysmenorrhea (f; PHR; PH2); Dysentery (1; PED); Dyspepsia (1; APA); Dysuria (f; MAD); Emphysema (f; APA); Enterosis (f; APA; MAD); Erysipelas (f; MAD); Exanthema (f; MAD); Fever (f; EFS; PNC); Fungus (1; APA; PED; PHR; PH2); Gas (1; APA; MAD; PHR; PH2); Gastrosis (f; APA; MAD); 270 E Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Gravel (f; MAD); Headache (f; MAD); Hemorrhoid (f; MAD); Hepatosis (f; APA; MAD); High Blood Pressure (1; APA; CAN); Hyperglycemia (1; APA; CAN); Hypoglycemia (1; CAN); Immunodepression (1; APA; PNC); Infection (1; APA; PED; PHR; PH2); Inflammation (1; PHR; PH2; WAM); Insomnia (1; APA; CAN); Jaundice (f; MAD); Mycosis (1; APA; PED; PHR; PH2); Nausea (PNC); Nephrosis (f; APA; MAD); Nervousness (1; APA; CAN); Otosis (f; MAD); Parasite (1; APA); Pertussis (f; PHR; PH2); Plethora (f; MAD); Pulmonosis (f; MAD); Respirosis (1; APA); Rheumatism (f; MAD); Scabies (f; MAD); Side Ache (f; MAD); Staphylococcus (1; MAD); Stone (f; MAD); Syphilis (f; MAD); Toothache (f; MAD); Tracheosis (f; CAN); Tuberculosis (f; CAN; MAD); Tumor (1; APA); Ulcer (f; PH2); UTI (f; APA); VD (f; MAD); Water Retention (1; APA; MAD; PNC; PH2); Worm (1; APA; MAD; PED; PH2; PNC); Wound (f; MAD) Dosages (Elecampane) — 0.25 tsp powdered root/cup water (APA; WIC); 2–4 g powdered root (PNC); 1–2 tbsp fresh root (PED); 2–3 g dry root (PED); g dry root:20 ml alcohol/10 ml water (PED); 0.5–2 g root, several ×/day (MAD); 1.5–4 g root as tea ×/day (CAN); 1.5–4 ml liquid root extract (1:1 in 25% ethanol) ×/day (CAN); 300 mg (50–200 for children) alantolactone for courses of days with an interval of 10 days (CAN); tsp (6 g) in cold or hot tea (MAD); 20to 40-drop tincture for cholera (MAD); g in tea/day (PH2); 2–4 ml liquid extract (PNC) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Elecampane) — Class 2b, 2c (AHP) Elecampane is reportedly dermatitigenic; allergic contact dermatosis is possible Can cause diarrhea, vomiting, spasm, and symptoms of paralysis (AEH; AHP; PHR; WAM) Not approved by Commission E, KOM, or PH2 Not for use during pregnancy or nursing (PH2; WAM) Commission E reports roots are not permitted for therapeutic use; usefulness not adequately documented CAN cautions that sesquiterpene lactones, especially alantolactone, can be allergenic and irritant (CAN) Alantolactone is bound as a hapten to the skin proteins (KOM) May interfere with blood pressure and blood sugar therapies (CAN) Infusion is sedative (PNC) Inulin expectorant, lowers stool transit time, regulates colonic flora, and soothes inflamed tissue (PED) EO with sesquiterpene lactones bactericide, candidicide, fungicide, and vermifuge (PED) Alantolactone is antiinflammatory, anthelminthic, immunostimulant, and hypotensive (PNC) ELM BARK, EUROPEAN FIELD ELM (Ulmus minor Mill.) +++ Synonyms — U campestris L., U carpinifolia Gled., U carpinifolia var suberosa (Moench) Rehder, U foliacea Gilib., U foliacea var suberosa (Moench) Rehder, U glabra var suberosa (Moench) Gürke, U nitens Moench, U suberosa Moench FEL, GMH, JLH, and MAD entries apply to U campestris (synonym) HHB divides U campestris into U carpinifolia and U glabra and gives more data for U laevis; hence, I assume they are talking about the same U campestris Strangely, in their account of Ulmus minor, and regrettably, PH2 cites HH2 and MAD (and no other sources) HH2 did cover elm bark but assigned it to U carpinifolia (synonym) or U laevis HH2 entries in my FNF entry refer to U carpinifolia or U laevis Activities (Elm Bark) — Astringent (1; GMH; HHB; PH2); Demulcent (f; GMH); Diaphoretic (f; MAD); Diuretic (1; GMH; HHB; PH2); Expectorant (f; MAD); Tonic (f; GMH; MAD); Vulnerary (f; PH2) Indications (Elm Bark) — Arthrosis (f; JLH); Bruise (f; GMH); Burn (f; MAD); Cancer (f; JLH); Catarrh (f; MAD); Cold (f; HH2); Conjunctivosis (f; GMH); Cystosis (f; MAD); Dermatosis (f; FEL; HH2; MAD); Diarrhea (f; HHB; MAD; PH2); Dropsy (f; MAD); Dyspepsia (f; PH2); Eczema (f; HH2; MAD); Exanthema (f; MAD); Fever (f; MAD); Fracture (f; MAD); Gout (f; MAD); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (f; PH2); Leprosy (f; GMH); Malaria (f; MAD); Metrosis (f; MAD); Mucososis (f; HH2); Ophthalmia (f; GMH); Rheumatism (f; HH2); Ringworm (f; GMH); Scab (f; Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 271 MAD); Scrofula (f; HHB; MAD); Sore (f; JLH; MAD); Syphilis (f; FEL); Tapeworm (f; FEL); VD (f; FEL); Water Retention (1; GMH; HHB; PH2); Wound (f; PH2) Dosages (Elm Bark) — g bark in 1.25 liters water boiled down to 0.25 liter water, 2–4 glasses/day (HH2); 50 g bark in liters water (HH2 q.v for details); 20 g bark in decoction (MAD); tsp ground bark/cup tea, 2–3 ×/day (PH2) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Elm Bark) — Not covered (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not recorded for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) EL NENE (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd) + Synonyms — Coleus blumei Benth., C blumei var verschaffeltii (Lem.) Lem., C hybridus hort ex Voss., C scutellarioides L., Ocimum scutellarioides L., Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R Br Activities (El Nene) — Analgesic (f; CRC); Contraceptive (f; CRC); Collyrium (f; CRC); Depurative (f; CRC); Emmenagogue (f; CRC); Hallucinogen (1; CRC); Narcotic (1; CRC) Indications (El Nene) — Abdominal Distension (f; CRC); Asthma (f; CRC); Boil (f; CRC); Bruise (f; CRC); Cardiopathy (f; CRC); Colic (f; CRC); Conjunctivosis (f; CRC); Cough (f; CRC); Cut (f; CRC); Dyspepsia (f; CRC); Elephantiasis (f; CRC); Foot Infection (f; CRC); Gastrosis (f; CRC); Headache (f; CRC); Hemorrhoid (f; CRC); Myalgia (f; CRC); Nausea (f; CRC); Pain (f; CRC); Parturition (f; CRC); Sore (f; CRC) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (El Nene) — “Classed as a narcotic hallucinogen” (CRC) EMBLIC MYROBALAN (Phyllanthus emblica L.) ++ Synonyms — Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Mirobalanus embilica Burm Activities (Emblic Myrobalan) — Adrenergic (1; MPI); Alexeteric (f; KAB); Alterative (f; KAB); Anabolic (1; MPI); Antiaggregant (1; PM63:518); Antibacterial (1; MPI); Antibilious (f; DEP); Antibradykinin (1; MPI); Anticancer (1; HH3); Anticholinergic (1; MPI); Anticlastogenic (1; HH3); Anticonvulsant (1; MPI); Antidote, aluminum (1; PR4:172); Antihistaminic (1; HH3); Antiinflammatory (1; PM63:518); Antileukotriene (1; PM63:518); Antioxidant (f; MBB); Antiperoxidant (1; JE64:135); Antipyretic (1; DEP; KAB; PM63:518; SUW; WOI); Antiserotonin (1; MPI); Antiviral (1; MPI); Aperient (f; MPI; SUW; WOI); Aperitif (f; KAB); Aphrodisiac (f; KAB); Astringent (f; DEP; MBB; MPI; WOI); Cardiotonic (1; DEP; MBB; MPI); Carminative (f; KAB; MPI); Cerebrotonic (f; MBB); CNS-Depressant (f; MPI); Diuretic (f; DEP; MPI; SUW; WOI); Expectorant (f; DEP; KAB); Hepatotonic (f; SKJ); Laxative (f; DEP; KAB; KAP; MPI; SUW; WOI); Lipogenic (1; MPI); Propecic (f; WOI); Stomachic (f; DEP; KAP; MPI); Tonic (f; KAB); Vulnerary (f; KAB) Indications (Emblic Myrobalan) — Acne (f; WOI); Alcoholism (f; MBB); Alopecia (f; DEP; WOI); Anemia (f; DEP; MBB; SUW; WOI); Anorexia (f; KAB); Anuria (f; KAB); Ascites (f; WOI); Asthma (f; KAB; SUW; WOI); Bacteria (1; MPI); Biliousness (f; KAB; SUW; WOI); Bleeding (1; DEP; KAB; SUW; WOI); Bronchosis (f; DEP; KAB; MBB; SUW; WOI); Cancer (1; HH3; MBB); Candida (f; MBB); Cardiopathy (f; KAB); Cholera (1; HH3; WOI); Cold (f; KAB); Conjunctivosis (f; DEP; KAP; SUW; WOI); Constipation (f; DEP; KAB; KAP; MPI; SUW; WOI); Convulsion (1; MPI); Cough (f; DEP; MBB; WOI); Cramp (1; MPI); Cystosis (f; DEP); Dermatosis (f; KAB); Diabetes (f; MBB); Diarrhea (1; DEP; SUW; WOI); Dysentery (1; KAB; KAP; SUW; WOI); Dyspepsia (f; DEP; SUW; WOI); Dysuria (f; KAB); Encephalosis (f; DEP); Enterosis (1; MPI); Epigastrosis (1; MPI); Epistaxis (f; KAB); Erysipelas (f; KAB); Escherichia (1; HH3); Fever (1; DEP; KAB; MBB; PM63:518; SUW; WOI); Fistula (f; SKJ); E 272 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Gas (f; KAB; MPI); Gastrosis (2; MPI; SKJ); Gingivosis (f; MBB); Gonorrhea (f; DEP; KAB; KAP; SKJ); Hematuria (f; DEP); Hemorrhoid (f; KAB); Hepatosis (1; HH3; KAB); Hyperchlorohydria (1; MPI); Inflammation (1; KAB; PM63:518); Jaundice (f; DEP; SUW; WOI); Leprosy (f; KAB); Leukorrhea (f; KAB); Myalgia (f; KAB); Ophthalmia (f; KAB); Pancreatosis (1; ABS); Pulmonosis (f; MBB); Rhinosis (f; KAB); Salmonella (1; HH3); Scurvy (1; SKJ); Sore (f; DEP; KAB; SKJ); Staphylococcus (1; HH3); Streptococcus (1; HH3); Thirst (f; KAB); Tuberculosis (f; WOI); VD (f; KAB); Vibrio (1; HH3); Virus (1; HH3; MPI); Water Retention (f; DEP; MPI; SUW; WOI); Yeast (f; MBB) E Dosages (Emblic Myrobalan) — Eat as fruit or fruit juice; 2–8 g fruit (HH3) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Emblic Myrobalan) — Class 1; Fruit consumed as food (AHP) Rich source of ascorbic acid (juice has 20 times ascorbic acid more than orange juice) Also rich in pectin Ellagic and gallic acids present (WOI) Alcoholic extract antibacterial and antiviral ENDIVE (Cichorium endivia L.) +++ Activities (Endive) — Allergenic (1; ABS); Antibilious (f; BIB; DEP); Antidiabetic (1; FNF); Antidiarrheal (1; FNF); Antiflu (1; FNF); Anti-HIV-Integrase (1; FNF); Antihyaluronidase (1; FNF); Antiotitic (1; FNF); Antipyretic (1; BIB; DEP; FNF; WO2); Antiradicular (1; FNF); Antistomatitic (1; FNF); Antisunburn (1; FNF); Antiviral (1; FNF); Bacteristat (1; FNF); Bifidogenic (1; FNF); Bitter (f; BIB); Carminative (f; BIB); Chemopreventive (breast) (1; FNF); Chemopreventive (colon) (1; FNF); Choleretic (f; BIB); Collagen-Sparing (1; FNF); Demulcent (f; BIB); Diuretic (f; BIB); ... HH2); Ophthalmia (f; GMH); Rheumatism (f; HH2); Ringworm (f; GMH); Scab (f; Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 271 MAD); Scrofula (f; HHB; MAD); Sore (f; JLH; MAD); Syphilis (f; FEL); Tapeworm (f; FEL);... (1; APA; PED; PHR; PH2); Gas (1; APA; MAD; PHR; PH2); Gastrosis (f; APA; MAD); 270 E Handbook of Medicinal Herbs Gravel (f; MAD); Headache (f; MAD); Hemorrhoid (f; MAD); Hepatosis (f; APA; MAD);.. .Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 269 ELECAMPANE (Inula helenium L.) ++ E Activities (Elecampane) — Alterative (PNC);