168 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs CELANDINE (Chelidonium majus L.) + C Activities (Celandine) — Abortifacient (f; MAD); Alterative (f; CRC; PNC); Analgesic (1; CRC; PH2; PNC); Anthelminthic (f; MAD); Antiaggregant (1; MAB); Antianaphylactic (1; PNC); Antibacterial (1; PNC); Anticancer (f; CRC); Antiherpetic (1; MAB); Antiinflammatory (1; MAB; PNC); Antileukotriene (1; MAB); Antimutagenic (1; MAB); Antisarcomic (1; MAB); Antiseptic (1; MAB; PH2); Antispasmodic (1; KOM; MAB; SHT); Antithromboxane (1; MAB); Antitussive (1; PNC); Antitumor (1; MAB); Antiviral (1; BRU; MAB); Aphrodisiac (f; CRC); Candidicide (1; HH2; MAB); Cholagogue (1; BRU; PH2; SHT); Cholekinetic (1; MAB; SHT); Choleretic (1; BRU; MAB; SHT); CNS-Depressant (1; HHB; PH2); Collyrium (f; CRC); Cytotoxic (1; KOM; MAB; PH2); Deobstruent (f; CRC); Diaphoretic (f; CRC; MAD); Diuretic (1; MAD; PNC); Expectorant (f; CRC); Fungicide (1; HH2; MAB); Hepatoprotective (1; CRC; MAB); Hepatotoxic (1; BRU); Hypoglycemic (f; CRC); Hypotensive (1; KOM; PH2; PNC); Immunostimulant (1; KOM; PH2); Keratopreventive (1; MAB); Laxative (f; CRC); 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor (1; MAB); 12-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor (1; MAB); Myocontractant (f; PH2); Myorelaxant (1; PNC); Protisticide (1; MAB); Sedative (f; CRC; HHB); Trichomonicide (1; MAB); Uterocontractant (1; PH2); Vulnerary (1; MAB) Indications (Celandine) — Adenopathy (f; JLH); Amenorrhea (f; FAD; MAD); Anaphylaxis (1; PNC); Angina (f; HHB; PHR); Anorexia (2; PHR); Arthrosis (f; MAD); Ascaris (f; CRC); Asthma (f; MAD; PHR; PH2); Atherosclerosis (f; HH2; PHR; PH2); Bacteria (1; BRU; PNC); Biliary Dyskinesia (2; KOM; SHT); Bleeding (f; MAD); Bronchosis (1; MAB; MAD; PNC); Bronchospasm (1; PNC); Callus (f; CRC); Cancer (1; CRC; MAB; PHR); Cancer, breast (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, colon (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, jaw (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, kidney (1; CRC; JLH); Cancer, lip (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, lung (1; MAB); Cancer, mouth (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, neck (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, nose (1; CRC; FNF; JLH; PH2); Cancer, ovary (f; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, parotid (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, penis (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, pharynx (1; FNF; PH2); Cancer, rectum (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, skin (f; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, spleen (1; Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 169 CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, stomach (1; CRC; FNF; JLH; PH2); Cancer, testicle (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, tongue (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, urethra (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Cancer, uterus (1; CRC; FNF; JLH); Candida (1; HH2; MAB); Catarrh (f; HHB; PHR); Cholangosis (2; MAB); Cholecystosis (2; CRC; HHB; MAB; MAD; PHR; PH2); Cholelithiasis (2; MAB); Colitis (1; MAB); Colonic Polyposis (2; MAB); Condylomata (1; CRC; HH2; MAB); Corneal Opacity (f; MAB; MAD); Corn (f; CRC; PNC); Cramp (2; HHB; KOM; MAB; PH2; SHT); Dermatosis (f; PH2); Dysmenorrhea (1; PHR); Dyspepsia (f; MAB); Eczema (f; CRC; FAD); Edema (f; MAD; PHR; PH2); Egilops (f; CRC); Enterosis (2; HHB; KOM; MAB); Epithelioma (f; MAD); Escherichia (1; HH2); Exanthema (f; MAD); Fever (f; CRC; MAD); Fistula (f; MAD); Freckle (f; CRC; MAD); Frigidity (f; CRC); Fungus (1; HH2; MAB); Gallstone (f; MAD); Gastrosis (2; BRU; HHB; KOM; MAB); Gastrospasm (2; KOM); Gonorrhea (f; MAD); Gout (f; CRC; MAD; PHR; PH2); Headache (f; MAB); Hematuria (f; MAD); Hemorrhoid (1; CRC; FAD); Hepatosis (2; CRC; MAB; MAD; PHR; PH2); Herpes (1; MAB); High Blood Pressure (1; KOM; PHR; PH2; PNC); Hyperglycemia (f; CRC); Hypertonia (f; KOM; PH2); Hypochondria (f; MAD); IBS (2; MAB); Immunodepression (1; KOM; PH2); Induration (f; CRC); Infection (1; HH2; MAB); Inflammation (1; FAD; MAB; PNC); Insomnia (f; CRC; HHB); Jaundice (f; CRC; HHB; MAB; MAD; PHR; PH2); Lupus (f; MAD); Malaria (f; MAD); Mastosis (f; JLH; PH2); Migraine (1; MAB); Myalgia (f; HHB); Mycosis (1; HH2; MAB); Nervousness (f; CRC; HHB); Neuralgia (f; HHB); Ophthalmia (f; MAD); Pain (1; CRC; HHB; PH2; PNC); Parotosis (f; JLH); Pertussis (2; MAB; MAD; PNC); Pharyngosis (f; PH2); Phimosis (f; MAD); Phthisis (f; MAD); Pneumonia (f; HHB; MAD); Polyp (2; CRC; MAB; PHR; PH2); Psoriasis (1; CRC; MAB; MAD); Rash (f; PH2); Respirosis (f; MAD); Rheumatism (f; HHB); Rhinosis (f; JLH; PH2); Ringworm (f; CRC; FAD); Scabies (f; MAD; PHR; PH2); Scurvy (f; CRC); Scrofula (f; CRC); Sore (f; MAD); Shigella (1; HH2); Splenosis (f; MAD); Staphylococcus (1; HH2; MAD); Stomachache (f; HHB); Stone (f; HHB; MAD; PHR); Tenesmus (f; MAD); Toothache (f; MAD; PHR); Tuberculosis (f; MAD); Tumor (1; CRC; MAB); Ulcer (f; CRC); Vaginosis (1; MAB); Vertigo (f; MAD); Virus (1; BRU; MAB); Wart (f; CRC; HHB; MAB; MAD; PHR); Water retention (1; MAD; PNC); Wen (f; CRC); Wound (f; CRC; FAD); Yeast (1; HH2; MAB) “Spastic discomfort of the bile ducts and gastrointestinal tract” (KOM) Dosages (Celandine) — 0.5 g herb single dose (HHB); 3–9 g herb/day (MAB); 2–5 g crude herb (or 12–30 mg total alkaloids) (KOM; SHT); 0.5 g root (PHR); 2–4 ml liquid extract (PNC); 1–2 ml/day fluid extract (1:2) (MAB); 2–4 ml/day tincture (1:5) (MAB); 1.8–7.5 g juice (MAD) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Celandine) — Class 2b, 2d (AHP) None known (KOM) Not to be used by children (AHP) Canadian regulations not allow celandine in food Australians counsel that it “may affect glaucoma treatment.” Germans report that it takes more than 500 g celandine to cause toxic effects in cattle and horses (AHP) Side effects include dry mouth and dizziness (PNC) Overdoses can cause dizziness, hematuria, intestinal colic, stomach pain, and urinary urgency (SHT) Consumption of fresh herb may cause GI distress (AHP) Stem juice allergenic, irritant, and paralytic (FAD) “Thought to be hepatotoxic” (BRU) Extracts (Celandine) — Extracts, as well as chelidonine, chelerythrine, protopine, and sanguinarine have antibacterial and antitussive activities (PNC) Chelidonine lowers arterial blood pressure, relaxes smooth muscle spasms and bronchial spasm, increases urine production, and delays or inhibits the development of anaphylactic shock in vivo Alpha-allocryptopine, chelidonine, and sanguinarine have in vivo analgesic activities (PNC) LD50 (decoction) 9500 mg/kg ipr mouse (MAB); LD50 (alkaloids) 300 mg/kg scu mouse (MAB) C 170 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs CELERY (Apium graveolens L.) +++ C Activities (Celery) — Abortifacient (f; CAN; KAB); Analgesic (1; FEL; FNF; KAB; PED); Anthelminthic (f; KAB; PH2); Antiaggregant (1; FNF; CAN); Antialzheimeran (1; COX; FNF); Antiarthritic (1; FNF; PNC); Antibacterial (1; CAN; FNF; PH2); Anticancer (1; APA; COX); Anticonvulsant (1; APA; KAP; MPI; PH2); Antidepressant (f; CAN; PED); Antidiabetic (f; MAM); Antiedemic (1; CAN); Antiepileptic (1; PNC); Antigalactic (f; JFM); Antiinflammatory (1; APA; FNF; PNC); Antioxidant (1; FNF; PED); Antirheumatic (1; FNF; PED; PNC); Antiseptic (1; FNF; KAP; PED); Antispasmodic (1; CRC; KAP; PED; WO2); Antitumor (1; APA); Aperitif (f; KAB); Aphrodisiac (f; CRC; KAB; KAP; PNC); Astringent (f; KAB); Cancer (1; APA; COX); Carminative (1; CRC; FNF; KAB; PNC; WO2); Cercaricide (1; SPI); Choleretic (1; JAD); Depurative (f; PED); Digestive (f; MBB); Diuretic (2; APA; CAN; FNF; KAB); Emmenagogue (f; CRC; DEP; KAP); Fungicide (1; PH2; PNC); Hepatoprotective (1; APA); Hypoglycemic (1; APA; CAN; FNF); Hypotensive (2; APA; FNF; MAM; PNC); Lipolytic (1; APA); Nervine (f; WO2); Neurotonic (f; FEL; KAP; WO2); Sedative (1; CRC; PED; PNC); Stimulant (1; CRC; KAB; WO2); Stomachic (f; KAB); Tonic (1; CRC; KAB; PNC); Tranquilizer (1; KAP; WO2); Urinary Antiseptic (1; CAN; PED; FNF); Uterotonic (1; CAN) Indications (Celery) — Alzheimer’s (1; COX; FNF); Amenorrhea (f; CRC; DEP; KAB); Anasarca (f; CRC; DEP; KAB; WO2); Anorexia (f; KAB; PHR; PH2); Anxiety (1; APA); Arthrosis (1; APA; FNF; PNC); Ascites (f; KAB); Asthma (f; DEP; JFM; KAB); Bacteria (1; CAN; FNF; PH2); Bronchosis (f; DEP; KAB); Cancer (1; APA; COX; CRC; FNF); Cancer, breast (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, eye (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, feet (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, liver (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, penis (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, spleen (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, stomach (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, testis (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, uterus (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, vulva (1; CRC; FNF); Cardiopathy Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 171 (1; APA; KAB); Catarrh (f; KAB); Cholecystosis (f; PH2); Colic (f; DEP; MBB; WO2); Condyloma (f; JLH); Congestion (f; JFM); Convulsion (1; APA; KAP; MPI; PH2); Corn (f; CRC; JLH); Cough (f; KAB; PH2); Cramp (1; CRC; KAP; PED; WO2); Cystosis (1; APA; CAN; FNF; MBB); Depression (f; CAN; PED); Diabetes (f; APA; MAM); Dysmenorrhea (f; APA; JFM); Dyspepsia (f; APA); Dysuria (f; KAB); Edema (f; JFM); Enterosis (f; KAB); Epilepsy (1; PNC; WO2); Fatigue (f; PH2); Felon (f; CRC; JLH); Fever (f; FEL; KAB); Fungus (1; PH2; PNC); Gallstone (f; PHR); Gas (1; CRC; FNF; JFM; KAB; PNC; WO2); Gout (1; CAN; FNF; MBB; MPI; PH2); Hepatosis (f; APA; CRC; DEP; JLH); Hiccup (f; KAB); High Blood Pressure (2; APA; CRC; FNF; MAM; PNC); High Cholesterol (1; APA); Hyperglycemia (1; APA; CAN; FNF); Impostume (f; JLH); Induration (f; CRC; JLH); Infection (1; PH2; PNC); Inflammation (1; APA; FNF; KAB; PNC); Insomnia (1; APA; CRC; FNF; PED; PNC); Jaundice (f; JFM); Kidney Stone (f; PHR); Lumbago (f; CRC); Malaria (f; FEL); Mycosis (1; PH2; PNC); Nausea (f; KAB); Nephrosis (f; APA; PH2); Nervousness (1; APA; CRC; KAP; PED; PHR; PNC; WO2); Obesity (f; APA); Ophthalmia (f; KAB); Ovary (f; PH2); Pain (1; FEL; FNF; KAB; PED); Proctosis (f; KAB); Pulmonosis (f; JFM); Rheumatism (1; CAN; CRC; FEL; FNF; MPI; PED; PH2; PNC); Rhinosis (f; KAB); Scabies (f; KAB); Schistosoma (1; SPI); Scirrhus (f; JLH); Sore (f; CRC); Splenosis (f; CRC; DEP; JLH; KAB; WO2); Sting (f; KAB); Stomachache (f; CRC; JFM); Stone (f; DEP; PHR; PH2); Stress (1; APA); Swelling (1; CAN; FNF; MBB); Toothache (f; KAB); Tumor (1; APA; CRC; JLH); Uterosis (f; JFM); UTI (1; CAN; FNF); Water Retention (2; APA; CAN; FNF; KAB); Wen (f; JLH); Whitlow (f; CRC; JLH) Dosages (Celery) — 200 g root boiled in 500 g water taking cup every hours as antigalactic (JFM); 1–2 leaves for colic (DEP); 1–4 g powdered seed (KAP; PNC); 1–2 tsp seed/cup water (APA); 1–2 g dry seed (PED); g dry seed:10 ml alcohol/10 ml water (PED); g mashed seed/cup hot water (PH2); 1.75 tsp crushed seed/cup water (APA); 0.05–0.1 ml (PNC); 0.5–1 tsp tincture to ×/day (APA; WIC); 0.3–1.5 ml liquid extract (PNC); 0.3–1.2 ml liquid extract (1:1 in 60% alcohol) ×/day (CAN); 0.5–2 g or by decoction 1:5, ×/day (CAN); (500 mg) capsules (450 mg celery extract StX to contain at least 9.9 mg volatile oil in 50 mg synergistic base of whole celery seed powder) ×/day, before meals (NH) Often standardized to 2.2% volatile oil Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Celery) — Class 2b[5], 2d Individuals with renal disorders should use with caution Commission E reports potential allergenicity, including anaphylactic shock Photosensitizing Contains phototoxic furanocoumarins (AHP) CAN cautions that the furanocoumarins may cause phototoxicity and dermatosis Still, they summarize that no side effects or toxicity are documented for celery seed Photosensitivity reactions have been reported as a result of external contact with celery stems Even anaphylactic reactions are reported following oral ingestion of the stems Archives of Dermatology (1990) reported severe phototoxicity in a woman consuming celeriac and then going to a tanning parlor The new Herbal PDR (Gruenwald et al., 1998) notes that levels of phototoxic furanocoumarins can rise 200-fold under storage conditions, especially if the root is fungally or yeast infected (PHR) No side effects, toxicity documented for celery fruit (CAN) Persons with kidney problems should be cautious The drug is contraindicated in inflammation of the kidneys, since apiaceous EOs may increase the inflammation as a result of epithelial irritation Contraindicated during pregnancy (uterotonic activity demonstrated for the EO (CAN)) Celeryseed oil abortifacient (JFM) Oil, though stated to be nonirritant, nonphototoxic, and nonsensitizing in humans, is also reported to have uterotonic activity; the seeds are said to affect the menstrual cycle and even to be abortifacient (CAN) There’s a rare allergy, Birch-Celery Syndrome; people sensitive to birch or mugwort (watch out moxibustionists) pollen may have an immediate reaction just eating celery or taking celery seed products “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (But, regrettably, it doesn’t give those therapeutic dosage levels.) So far, in my 5.5 years on celery seed extract, I have not knowingly suffered C 172 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs any side effects from the 2–4 capsules or tablets I take a day, every day, without fail, for the prevention of the gout crisis Celery herb, seed, and root unapproved for therapeutic application, as far as Germany’s Commission E is concerned C Extracts (Celery) — Extracts antiedemic, antiinflammatory, hypoglycemic, and hypotensive LD50 >5000 mg/kg orl rat (CAN) Juice choleretic Chamomile is a better source of the COX-2 inhibitor apigenin (to 0.8% ZMB), but celery stalks may contain to 0.2%, making it the best food farmacy source (COX) Celery seed oil bacteriostatic against Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium diptheriae, Pseudomonas solanacearum, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus albus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Vibrio cholerae The seed oil shows a chemotactic effect and cercaricidal activity of the cercaria of Schistosoma mansoni (SPI) CELERY-LEAVED BUTTERCUP (Ranunculus sceleratus L.) + Activities (Celery-Leaved Buttercup) — Allergenic (1; FNF); Analgesic (f; WOI); Antibacterial (1; WOI); Anticancer (f; DAA); Antiseptic (1; WOI); Antispasmodic (f; WOI); Antiviral (1; WOI); Diuretic (f; WOI); Emmenagogue (f; EFS; SKJ); Irritant (1; FNF); Lacrimatory (1; WOI); Lactifuge (1; WOI); Lactagogue (f; EFS; SKJ); Poison (1; DEP; WOI); Rubefacient (1; WOI); Sialagogue (1; PH2); Stomachic (f; WOI); Tonic (f; KAB; WOI); Vasoconstrictor (1; WOI); Vermifuge (1; WOI); Vesicant (1; WOI) Indications (Celery-Leaved Buttercup) — Arthrosis (f; HHB; PH2); Asthma (f; WOI); Bacteria (1; WOI); Cancer (f; DAA; JLH); Cancer, spleen (f; JLH); Candida (1; WOI); Cold (f; DAA); Cramp (f; WOI); Debility (f; DAA); Dermatosis (f; PH2; WOI); Diphtheria (1; WOI); Dropsy (f; MAD); Dysuria (f; WOI); Escherichia (1; WOI); Gout (f; MAD); Grippe (f; WOI); Halitosis (f; KAB; WOI); Headache (f; MAD); Hemiplegia (f; MAD); Hepatosis (f; MAD); Induration (f; JLH); Infection (1; WOI); Leukoderma (f; HHB; PH2); Mange (f; MAD); Myosis (f; HHB; PH2); Nephrosis (f; KAB; MAD; WOI); Pain (f; WOI); Pancreatosis (f; MAD); Pleurisy (f; KAB); Pneumonia (f; WOI); Rheumatism (f; WOI); Scabies (f; HHB; PH2); Side Ache (f; KAB); Sniffles (f; MAD); Sore (f; KAB); Spermatorrhea (f; DAA); Staphylococcus (1; WOI); Stomatosis (f; MAD); Streptococcus (1; DAA); Swelling (f; JLH; PH2); Virus (1; WOI); Wart (f; JLH); Water Retention (f; WOI); Worm (1; WOI); Yeast (1; WOI) Dosages (Celery-Leaved Buttercup) — Boiled herb is dangerous if consumed as food (DEP; WOI) Contraindications, Interactions, and Side Effects (Celery-Leaved Buttercup) — Not covered (AHP) “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2) (but PH2 designates no specific quantified dosage! JAD) Like most buttercups, it is acrid, causing burning of mouth and mucous membranes; blistering skin Fatal if eaten in large quantities (WOI) Extracts (Celery-Leaved Buttercup) — Protoanemonin antibacterial (against Gram-positive and Gram-negative, Candida, diphtheria toxin, Escherichia, and Staphylococcus) antiviral, cytopathogenic, vesicant, vermicide (WOI) Plant contains the vasoconstrictor serotonin, with six other tryptamine derivatives and “two unidentified anti-5-hydroxytryptamine derivatives.” CENTAURY, EUROPEAN CENTAURY (Centaurium erythraea Rafn) ++ Synonyms — Centaurium minus auct., Centaurium umbellatum Gilib., Erythraea centaurium auct ... not knowingly suffered C 172 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs any side effects from the 2–4 capsules or tablets I take a day, every day, without fail, for the prevention of the gout crisis Celery herb,... (decoction) 9500 mg/kg ipr mouse (MAB); LD50 (alkaloids) 300 mg/kg scu mouse (MAB) C 170 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs CELERY (Apium graveolens L.) +++ C Activities (Celery) — Abortifacient (f; CAN;... (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, uterus (1; CRC; FNF); Cancer, vulva (1; CRC; FNF); Cardiopathy Handbook of Medicinal Herbs 171 (1; APA; KAB); Catarrh (f; KAB); Cholecystosis (f; PH2); Colic (f; DEP; MBB;