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Is Good Enough Really Good Enough- Does algorithmic metadata sea

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Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Charleston Library Conference Is Good Enough, Really Good Enough? Does algorithmic metadata search replace the need for discipline-oriented databases? Mark Hyer ProQuest, mark.hyer@proquest.com Helen Ivy College of Charleston, ivyh@cofc.edu Bruce Pencek Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, bpencek@vt.edu Sharon Jordan OSTI, jordans@osti.gov Sharon Tahirkheli American Geological Institute Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/charleston Part of the Library and Information Science Commons An indexed, print copy of the Proceedings is also available for purchase at: http://www.thepress.purdue.edu/series/charleston You may also be interested in the new series, Charleston Insights in Library, Archival, and Information Sciences Find out more at: http://www.thepress.purdue.edu/series/charleston-insights-library-archivaland-information-sciences Mark Hyer, Helen Ivy, Bruce Pencek, Sharon Jordan, and Sharon Tahirkheli, "Is Good Enough, Really Good Enough? Does algorithmic metadata search replace the need for discipline-oriented databases?" (2009) Proceedings of the Charleston Library Conference http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314744 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries Please contact epubs@purdue.edu for additional information ,6*22'(128*+5($//VHH)LJ@WRWKHJUDGXDWHVWXGHQWVIDFXOW\DQGVFLHQWLVWVIURPWKHWKUHHDJHQFLHV VHUYHGE\WKHOLEUDU\7KHVXUYH\DVNHGUHVSRQGHQWVWRUDQNWKHLUFKRLFHVHOHFWWKHLUIUHTXHQF\ RIXVDJHDQGHYDOXDWHHIIHFWLYHQHVVIRUWKHVHGDWDEDVHV$6)$$TXDWLF6FLHQFHVDQG )LVKHULHV'DWDEDVH(QYLURQPHQWDO6FLHQFHV 3ROOXWLRQ0DQDJHPHQW'DWDEDVH2FHDQLF $EVWUDFWV3XE0HG&HQWUDO6FL)LQGHU6FKRODU:HERI6FLHQFH²6FLHQFH&LWDWLRQ=RRORJLFDO 5HFRUG3OXV>1RWH3XE0HG&HQWUDOZDVLQFOXGHGEHFDXVHLWZDVWKHRQO\GDWDEDVHWRSURYLGH FRYHUDJHRIVRPHQHZDUHDVRIUHVHDUFKLQWHUHVW@1H[WUHVSRQGHQWVZHUHDVNHGWROLVWXSWR WKUHHWRSLFVWKDWWKH\URXWLQHO\VHDUFKLQWKHGLVFLSOLQHVSHFLILFGDWDEDVHV5HVSRQGHQWVZHUH WKHQDVNHGDERXWWKHXVDJHDQGYDOXHRIWKHJHQHUDOGDWDEDVHV$FDGHPLF6HDUFK3UHPLHUDQG 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