A moisture Typically, as civilization developed, men were outdoors more than women, so they tended to have deep tans that protected them from the sun; women, on the other hand, spent more time indoors, so they needed more skin protection from both cosmetics and clothing when they ventured out The evidence that suggests a concern with personal adornment is found principally in tombs and artwork, though in some cases, such as ancient Greece, there is a written record of efforts people made to adorn themselves Archaeologists, though, have discovered numerous artifacts in tombs that existed entirely for purposes of personal adornment, and surviving artwork shows people who used makeup, jewelry, clothing, and other items to enhance their personal appearance Most of these items were made from materials that were at hand, though as trade developed, the wealthy came to value imported materials as a symbol of status Common materials used to create items of personal adornment included bone, shells, wood, precious metals such as gold and silver, other metals such as copper, and semiprecious stones, including, for example, jade These materials were made into beads, necklaces, hair clips, rings, bracelets, necklaces, ankle bracelets, and similar items Cosmetics were made primarily from plant materials, and spices were used for perfumes and lotions and for bathing Henna, a dye still used in the 21st century, was often used as a hair dye Throughout the world it was also common for people to use natural dyes to tattoo themselves Among archaeological remains are also found such items as mirrors, tweezers, and similar cosmetic tools that would have been used particularly by women ▶ adornment introduction In modern life people in developed countries spend billions of dollars on personal adornments, including clothing, jewelry, makeup, hair-care products, and perfumes It is tempting to believe that people who lived in ancient, simpler times, when mere day-to-day survival was their paramount concern, did not give in to the temptations of vanity Th is belief would be incorrect Th roughout the world the archaeological record shows that people who lived thousands of years ago devoted considerable attention to their personal appearance and found numerous ways to adorn themselves Of course, the extent and variety of this personal adornment varied with rank and social class in much the same way it does in modern life Royalty and people of high social rank probably adorned themselves in much more luxurious ways than did the poor or members of lower classes Not only could they afford the materials they needed for personal adornment; they also used such adornments as markers of their social class Sometimes the adornments had religious significance as well Often, too, items of adornment had a more practical significance In ancient times the world’s population tended to cluster close to the equator, where climates were mild and people did not have to protect themselves from the bitter cold of more northerly regions The trade-off, however, was that many ancient peoples were often exposed to extremely dry air and to intense sunlight As a result, they took steps to protect and moisturize their skin using makeup made of a variety of substances, all with a view to restoring the skin’s