A Study On Wireless Communication Networks Based On Different Generations See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at https www researchgate netpublication303819327 A Study. ijcter a study on wireless communication networks based on different generati 312
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303819327 A Study On Wireless Communication Networks Based On Different Generations Article · May 2016 CITATIONS READS 8,441 authors, including: Shameek Mukhopadhyay The Heritage Academy, Kolkata, India PUBLICATIONS 5 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Detection of Liver Disease using Machine Learning: Efficient Algorithm Selection View project All content following this page was uploaded by Shameek Mukhopadhyay on 10 June 2016 The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER) e-ISSN 2455–1392 Volume Issue 5, May 2016 pp 300 – 304 Scientific Journal Impact Factor : 3.468 http://www.ijcter.com A Study On Wireless Communication Networks Based On Different Generations Shameek Mukhopadhyay 1, Vatsal Agarwal 2, Sourav Sharma 3, Vineet Gupta Assistant Professor BCA (H), The Heritage Academy, Kolkata 2,3,4 Student, BCA(H),The Heritage Academy, Kolkata Abstract— The ability to communicate with people on move has evolved remarkably specially in the domain of wireless technology The mobile wireless evolved in a very short span of time Mobile Wireless technology has experienced different generations of technology starting from 0G But the mobile wireless communication was possible only by the introduction of 1G technology In this paper we study a gradual change in the wireless communication technology based on the different generations starting from 0G to 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G and 6G Keywords— Mobile wireless communication, 0G, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, CDMA, OFDM, MCCDMA, UWB, IPv6 I INTRODUCTION Wireless communication technology has evolved as one of the biggest contributions to mankind The wireless communications helps in transmission of information over a distance without any wires or cables This distance can be from a few meters to thousands of kilometers Gradually, the mobile phones came into play The first mobile phone was introduced by Motorola in 1973 On April 1973, Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher and executive, made the first mobile telephone call from handheld subscriber equipment, placing a call to Dr Joel S Engel of Bell Labs Japan was the first country to have a city wide cellular mobile network in 1979 After that the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system launched in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland in 1981 Then in mid eighties First Generation (1G) mobile network was introduced which was fully automatic The first ever mobile phone to be approved by the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) in the USA was the Motorola DynaTac in 1983 Gradually, mobile telephony developed in leaps and bounds over the next decade, particularly with the arrival of handover technology II 0G MOBILE TECHNOLOGY The 0G mobile telecommunication also known as mobile radio telephone preceded modern cellular mobile telephony technology They were used for Analog system telecommunication A transmitter, receiver, control cable, antenna, phone unit and battery were used in this type of technology for communication and they were used in vehicles The device (telephone) would connect to local telephone network only if it is in the range of 20 Kms Each city had a central antenna tower with 25 channels This means that mobile transceiver should have a powerful transmitter with a transmitting range of 50-70 Kms Only few people were able to use this device as only 25 channels were available Roaming facility was not supported in this generation of analog cellular Mobile Radio telephone system Technologies used in 0G systems included PTT (Push to Talk), MTS (Mobile Telephone System), IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone Service),AMTS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System), OLT (Norwegian for Offentlig Landmobil Telefoni, Public Land Mobile Telephony) and MTD III FIRST GENERATION TECHNOLOGY (1G) First generation or 1G refers to first generation of wireless networking which were used for cellphones It was introduced in 1980s The first commercial automated cellular network was @IJCTER-2016, All rights Reserved 300 International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER) Volume 02, Issue 05; May – 2016 [Online ISSN 2455–1392] launched in Japan by Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NTT) initially in the metropolitan area of Tokyo The 1G wireless networks used analog radio signals Through 1G, a voice call gets modulated to a higher frequency of about 150MHz and up as it is transmitted between radio towers This is done using a technique called Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA) First generation of wireless telecommunication technology also consist of various standards among which most popular were Advance Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) used in USA, Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) used in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, Total Access Communication System (TACS) used in UK, Radio Telefono Mobile Integrato (RTMI) used in Italy, Radiocom2000 used in France All of the standards in 1G use frequency modulation techniques for voice signals and all the handover decisions were taken at the Base Stations (BS) The spectrum within cell was divided into number of channels and every call is allotted a dedicated pair of channels Data transmission between the wire part of connection and PSTN (Packet Switched Telephone Network) was done using packet-switched network 1G used to have low capacity and unreliable handoff with poor voice links and there were no security issues, since anyone with an all-band radio receiver can listen to the conversation IV SECOND GENERATION TECHNOLOGY (2G-2.75G) 2G is short for Second-generation wireless telephone technology 2G cellular networks were introduced in the late 1980s and they are based on digital transmission It was first used in Finland It is based on the technology known as global system for mobile communication (GSM) In this technology for the first time SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) is introduced and a more secured and clear communication was established Three main benefits of 2G networks over their predecessors were that phone conversations were digitally encrypted, 2G systems were significantly more efficient on the spectrum and 2G introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS text messages The 2.5G is the GPRS i.e General Packet Radio Service which is an extension of 2G network that have the capacity of launching packet based services The 2.75 G is the EDGE GPRS networks evolved to Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) networks with the introduction of 8PSK encoding EDGE technology is an extended version of GSM It allows the clear and fast transmission of data and information It is also termed as IMTSC or single carrier EDGE technology was invented and introduced by Cingular, which is now known as AT& T The primary differences between first and second generation cellular networks are:First generation systems are almost purely analog while the second generation systems are digital All second generation systems provide encryption to prevent eavesdropping 2G technology allows error detection and correction and second generation systems allow channels to be dynamically shared by a number of users Figure 2G GSM architecture @IJCTER-2016, All rights Reserved 301 International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER) Volume 02, Issue 05; May – 2016 [Online ISSN 2455–1392] V THIRD GENERATION TECHNOLOGY (3G-3.75G) The Third Generation (3G) will be digital mobile multimedia offering broadband mobile communications with voice, video, graphics, audio and other information 3G enhanced audio and video streaming and has several times higher data speed It supports video conferencing and gives IPTV (TV through the Internet) support 3G is based on CDMA technology The features of 3G are used in mobile applications, mobile store application, video streaming (YouTube) and GPS (Google Maps, etc) 3G evolved into HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access), HSPA, or 3.5G, which is up to five times faster than 3G The standard is a packet-based data service in W-CDMA downlink with data transmission up to 8Mbps to 10Mbps over a 5MHz bandwidth in WCDMA downlink 3.75G – HSUPA (High-Speed Uplink Packet Access) is a protocol which aims at providing higher uplink speed equals to 5.8 Mbps HSUPA is related to group of protocols from HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) as defined by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project).HSUPA protocol name is baptized by Nokia, however 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) calls it as Enhanced Uplink (EUL) VI FOURTH GENERATION TECHNOLOGY (4G) 4G is the short name for fourth-generation wireless that will replace 3G networks sometimes in future Providing broadband services would be one of the major goals of the 4G Wireless systems 4G supports interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet and other broadband services It has high speed and capacity This technology is a fully IP based mobile system It has better spectral efficiency and has interoperability with the existing wireless standards The frequency band of 4G is 2-8GHz and the bandwidth is 5-20 MHz It supports upto 20Mbps or more data rate It supports packet switching 4G systems are expected to provide real-time and internet-like services Smart antennas for multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol), OFDM (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing), Software Defined Radio (SDR) system are some of the technologies used in 4G In our day to day life we take the help of 4G in mobile phones, in sensor of public vehicles and for controlling traffic 4G meets the demand for diverse users VII FIFTH GENERATION TECHNOLOGY (5G) 5G stands for fifth generation wireless systems It is based on the IEEE 802.11ac standard 5G will provide better speeds and coverage than the current 4G 5G increases network expandability up to hundreds of thousands of connections Wireless World Wide Web (WWWW), Dynamic Ad hoc Wireless Network (DAWN) and Real Wireless World will be a reality with 5G The aim of 5G is to design a Multi-Bandwidth data path by integrating the current and future networks for new network architecture of 5G real wireless world The 5G wireless internet networks are real wireless world which shall be supported by CDMA, OFDM, MCCDMA (Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access), UWB (Ultra wideband) and IPv6 5G technology has extraordinary data capabilities and has ability to tie together unrestricted call volumes and infinite data broadcast within latest mobile operating system 5G technology would offer high resolution for wireless gadget users and bi-direction large bandwidth shaping The superior quality services of 5G technology is based on policy to avoid error @IJCTER-2016, All rights Reserved 302 International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER) Volume 02, Issue 05; May – 2016 [Online ISSN 2455–1392] Parameter Network capacity Peak data rate Cell edge data rate Latency Suggested 5G Wireless Performance Suggested Performance 10 000 times capacity of current network 10 Gbps 100 Mbps < ms Table Suggested 5G wireless performance We now give a comparison of 1G to 5G technologies in a tabular form based on different parameters Technology Bandwidth Technology 1G 2kbps Analog cellular 2G/2.5G 14-64kbps Digital cellular Service Mobile telephony Digital voice, Short messaging Multiplexing FDMA Switching Circuit Core Network Handoff PSTN TDMA/CDMA Circuit/ circuit for access network and air interface PSTN Horizontal Horizontal 3G 2mbps Broadbandwidth/ CDMA/IP Technology Integrated high quality audio, video and data 4G 200mbps Unified IP and seamless combo of LAN/WAN/WLAN Dynamic information access, variable devices CDMA CDMA Packet except for All packet air interface 5G >1gbps 4G+WWWW Dynamic information access, variable devices with AI capabilities CDMA All packet Packet network Internet Internet Horizontal Horizontal & Vertical Horizontal & Vertical Table Comparison of different generation of technologies based on different parameters @IJCTER-2016, All rights Reserved 303 International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER) Volume 02, Issue 05; May – 2016 [Online ISSN 2455–1392] Figure Functional architecture for 5G mobile networks VIII SIXTH GENERATION TECHNOLOGY (6G) 6G mobile technology in upcoming name in field of mobile communication technologies, it is based on set of standards which enable devices to connect internet with broadband wireless access This technology can come as 6G mobile technology, 6G technology, 6G mobile or 6G network as these are rising and important technologies 6G will implement a complete wireless network with no limitation It will have an incredible transmission speed in terabit range It will maximize data throughput and IOPS (Input Output Operations per Second) REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] ITU World Radio communication Seminar highlights future communication technologies International Telecommunication Union Ajay K Mishra, (2004), "Fundamentals of Cellular Network Planning and Optimization, 2G/2.5G/3G Evolution Of 4G."John Wiley and Sons Tse, David; Viswanath, Pramod (2005).“Fundamentals of Wireless Communication” Cambridge University Press @IJCTER-2016, All rights Reserved View publication stats 304 ... and second generation cellular networks are:First generation systems are almost purely analog while the second generation systems are digital All second generation systems provide encryption to... anyone with an all-band radio receiver can listen to the conversation IV SECOND GENERATION TECHNOLOGY (2G-2.75G) 2G is short for Second-generation wireless telephone technology 2G cellular networks. .. IPv6 I INTRODUCTION Wireless communication technology has evolved as one of the biggest contributions to mankind The wireless communications helps in transmission of information over a distance