CHLAMYDIA Edited by Mihai Mares ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Chlamydia Edited by Mihai Mares Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Romina Skomersic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published March, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Chlamydia, Edited by Mihai Mares p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0470-4 ! ! ! Contents ! Preface IX Part 1 Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Chlamydia Infections 1 Chapter 1 Molecular Epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis Urogenital Infection 3 Virginia Sánchez Monroy and José D´Artagnan Villalba-Magdaleno Chapter 2 Host-Pathogen Co-Evolution: Chlamydia trachomatis Modulates Surface Ligand Expression in Genital Epithelial Cells to Evade Immune Recognition 25 Gerialisa Caesar, Joyce A. Ibana, Alison J. Quayle and Danny J. Schust Chapter 3 Manipulation of Host Vesicular Trafficking and Membrane Fusion During Chlamydia Infection 45 Erik Ronzone, Jordan Wesolowski and Fabienne Paumet Chapter 4 Host Immune Response to Chlamydia Infection 75 Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen, Socolov Demetra, Moshin Veaceslav, Lazăr Veronica, Mihăescu Grigore and Bleotu Coralia Chapter 5 The Role of T Regulatory Cells in Chlamydia trachomatis Genital Infection 91 Kathleen A. Kelly, Cheryl I. Champion and Janina Jiang Part 2 Overview on Clinical Involvement of Chlamydia 113 Chapter 6 Insights into the Biology, Infections and Laboratory Diagnosis of Chlamydia 115 H.N. Madhavan, J. Malathi and R. Bagyalakshmi Chapter 7 Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Neonates 133 Eszter Balla and Fruzsina Petrovay Chapter 8 The Role of Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) Pneumoniae in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Artery Disease 157 Mirosław Brykczynski VI Contents Chapter 9 Chlamydiae in Gastrointestinal Disease 167 Aldona Dlugosz and Greger Lindberg Chapter 10 Chlamydia, Hepatocytes and Liver 183 Yuriy K. Bashmakov and Ivan M. Petyaev Chapter 11 Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Reproductive Health Outcomes in Women 205 Luis Piñeiro and Gustavo Cilla Chapter 12 Correlation Between Chlamydia trachomatis IgG and Pelvic Adherence Syndrome 231 Demetra Socolov, Coralia Bleotu, Nora Miron, Razvan Socolov, Lucian Boiculese, Mihai Mares, Sorici Natalia, Moshin Veaceslav, Anca Botezatu and Gabriela Anton Chapter 13 The Role of Chlamydia trachomatis in Male Infertility 245 Gilberto Jaramillo-Rangel, Guadalupe Gallegos-Avila, Benito Ramos-González, Salomón Alvarez-Cuevas, Andrés M. Morales-García, José Javier Sánchez, Ivett C. Miranda-Maldonado, Alberto Niderhauser-García, Jesús Ancer-Rodríguez and Marta Ortega-Martínez Chapter 14 Chlamydial Infection in Urologic Diseases 269 Young-Suk Lee and Kyu-Sung Lee Chapter 15 Pathogenesis of Chlamydia pneumonia Persistent Illnesses in Autoimmune Diseases 283 Hamidreza Honarmand Chapter 16 Chlamydia: Possible Mechanisms of the Long Term Complications 305 Teoman Zafer Apan Part 3 Classic and Molecular Diagnosis 325 Chapter 17 Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection 327 Adele Visser and Anwar Hoosen Part 4 Prevention of Chlamydia Infections 343 Chapter 18 Chlamydia Prevention by Influencing Risk Perceptions 345 Fraukje E.F. Mevissen, Ree M. Meertens and Robert A.C. Ruiter ! ! ! Preface ! 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Chlamydia Edited by Mihai Mares Published by InTech Janeza Trdine. Chlamydia, Edited by Mihai Mares p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0470-4 ! ! ! Contents ! Preface IX Part 1 Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Chlamydia