Sự phát triển văn hoá xã hội của đất nước giai đoạn 2001 2010 dưới góc nhìn của trí thức

so PHAT TRIEN VAN HOA - XA HOI CUA OAT NOOC GIAI DOAN 2001 - 2010 DUOl GOC NHIN CUA TRI THL/C TS La Thj Thu Thuy Pho \'len lni'(hlfi \ ien ldm ly hoc TOM TAT So lieu khdo sal cho ihdv, nhin chung Iri thifc ddnh gid tich cifc ve sit phdt irien vdn hod .\d luji \'ici Nam giai dogn 2001 2010 Tuy nhien, sit chuyen bien edn chdm Thdnh iifii ndi hdt Id hoal dgng ngogi giao vd hoal dimg hdi nhdp neu cao vi thi' ddn lgc: Tiep den Id hogi d()ng trg giup nhitng nhdm \d hdi yen the Trdn tif) nhieu nhdt cua tri thifc lien quan den hdo ve mdi irudng, chd't lugng gido due vd ddo Igo d nifde la hien Tuy cd nhitng hdn khodn Irdn Ird ve mgt so vd'n de ndi com, nhitng nhin chung, tri thifc nghieng ve v kien cho rdng, Viel Nam ed khd ndng ldn dung duge cdc ca hgi phdt trien nhieu lufn Id chdp nhdn riii ro qud trinh hdi nhdp qudc le De cd dugc sif phdt trien hen vifng irong litang lai, Met Nam edn phdi tien hdnh ddng ihdi phdt Irien kinh te vifi phdt trien vdn hda, \d hdi, bdo vc' nun trifdng, thifc hien cdng bdng xd hdi Trong Tap chf Tam ly hpc sd 12/2011 chiing tdi da de cap den nhumg nhin nhan, danh gia ciia trf thiic ve sir phat trie'n kinh le ciia dat nude giai doan 2001 2010 Trong pham vi bai viet nay, chiing tdi tie'p tuc de cap den nhung danh gia ciia trf thii'c vc cac van de van hda xa hdi cua da't nude va kha nang hdi nhap ciia Viet Nam tren trudng qudc te Dudi day la nhiing danh gia cu the ciia trf thu'c ve cac van de Danh gia cua tri thiic ve su phat trien van hoa xa hoi giai doan 2001 2010 Khao sal thuc lien dupc lien hanh nam 2009 2010 tren tong sd 1.327 trf thii'c thudc cac ddi tupng: Trf thii'c doanh nhdn; Tri thiic ITnh vuc giao due - dao tao (chii ydu la giang vien dai hpc); Trf thiic ITnh vuc quan ly xa hpi; Trf thiic ITnh vuc nghien ciru khoa hpc Dja ban khao sat tai ba phd: Ha Npi, Da Ndng, Hd Chf Minh Ke't qua nghien ciiu dupc irinh bay d bang dudi day: 30 TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd (155), - 2012 Bdng 1: Ddnh gid ciia tri thifc ve cdc hogt d()ng vdn hod xd hdi giai dogn 2001 2010 Diem trung bhih Chua tdt Trat tu an loan xa hdi 2,04 17,6 59,9 19,9 2,6 Chdng cac te nan mai dam, ma cd bac 1,84 23,5 64,1 8,1 4,4 Xay dimg nep sd'ng van hoa 2,02 16,7 61,9 17,9 3,6 Cac hoat ddng tuong trg \a lidi, giiip dd nhirng nhdm ngirdi cd hoan canh khd khan Bao ve mdi trudng 2,29 9,2 50,8 36,3 3,7 1,42 60,2 30,7 5,0 4,0 Vi the cua Viet Nam tren trudng qud'c te 2,15 10,6 56,8 24,2 8,4 Tinh thSn dan tdc ciia ngudi Viet Nam 2,24 1,64 12.7 47,5 33,9 6,0 42,2 43,3 9,7 4,8 Cac Ilnh virc van hoa - xa hdi Phuang an tra Idi Khd Tuang Tdt tra Idi ddi tdt Y thirc phap luat ciia cdng dan Chai lugng giao due va dao tao ciia Viet Nam 10 Phat trien van hoa dan tdc 11 Bao dam dan chii cho cdng dan 1,57 44,1 42,2 5,2 8,6 2,00 1,92 15,6 22,5 62,1 52,0 16,8 15,3 5,5 10,2 12 Xay dung xa hdi phap quyen 13 Xay dung xa hdi cdng dan 1,99 1,90 18,8 24,1 52,9 48,7 18.5 15,4 14 Su tham gia cua ngudi dan vao viec giai quyei cac vande xa hdi 15 Cdng bang xa hdi 1,75 31,1 49,6 9,6 9,7 11,7 9,7 1,79 30,2 50,2 10,5 16 Giir gin ban sdc van hoa dan tdc 2,11 1,80 14.5 29,6 57,9 53,4 24,6 11,5 9,1 3,1 5,5 1.87 23,9 56,1 11,9 8,1 2,36 7,1 46,8 40,1 6,0 2,32 8,5 49,1 38,0 4,4 1,91 25,1 45,3 17,5 12.1 2,15 10.5 57,8 23,1 8,6 17 Giao due the he tre 18 Y thirc trach nhiem ciia ngudi lao dgng ddi vdi xa hdi 19 Hoal ddng ngoai giao vdi cac nude tren the' gidi 20 Hdi nhap khu vuc 21 Giai quyei mau thudn va'n de bien gidi vdi nhirng nude cd lien quan 22 Giai quyei mdt sd va'n de lien quan de'n an ninh xa hdi Ghi chic Diem trung binh ditgc dnh theo thang diem (trong dd Chifa td't I diem; Tuang dd'i td't = diem; Td't = diem) TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, So (155), - 2012 31 Sd lieu khao sal lai bang eho thdy, tren cac ITnh vuc van hda - xa hdi giai doan 2001 2010 tri thiic danh gia Ifch cue nhu'ng tuu da lam dupc, bao gdm irudc hei la hoat ddng ngoai giao va hoat ddng mang tfnh hdi nhap, lir dd neu cao dupe tinh than dan ldc eiia ngudi Viel Nam; Tiep den la hoat dpng Irp giiip nhung nhdm xa hdi yen the Hoal ddng ngoai giao dupc danh gia la cd chuydn bien manh me nhdt Ihdi gian qua Cd tdi 86,9% sd ngudi dupc hdi cho rdng, hoat dpng ngoai giao eiia nude la thdi gian qua da ed su khdi sdc, dd, 40,1% trf thiic dupc hdi danh gia ldi ve hoat ddng Ciing chung vdi danh gia nay, hdi nhap cung dupc coi la hoat ddng dupc thirc hien tdt Ihdi gian qua 87,1% danh gia la cd lien tridn, dd 38.1 % eho rang, hoal ddng hpi nhAp da ihu dupc kei qua tdt Cd the ke nhuiig edng sau day: Trudc het phai ke den Hiep djnh Thuong mai song phirong Viet My sau nam dam phan da dupc ky ke't 13/7/2000 lai Wiishington Tiep theo, Viel Nam va Trung Qudc ky Hiep udc phan djnh vinh Bdc Bd ve lanh hai, khu virc dac quydn kinh te' vd thdm luc dja (ngay 25/12/2000) Nam 2002, hoat ddng ddi ngoai dupc trien khai tren binh dien rdng, ghi dau an dam irong Ijch sir ngoai giao Viet Nam Thanh cdng cua Hdi nghj ASEM nang cao uy tfn ciia Viet Nam tren trudng qudc te Thdng qua hdi nghj, 40 van kien hpp tac song phuong giCra Viet Nam vdi cac nude vien ASEM da dupc ky kei Tiep sau dd, Viet Nam da chfnh thiic dupc bdu la vien khdng Ihudng true Hpi ddng Bao an Lien Hiep Qudc nhiem ky 2008 - 2009 Ngay 7/11/2006, tai Geneva, T churc Thuong mai the gidi (WTO) da chfnh thiic thdng qua viec Viet Nam gia nhap va trd thanh vien thii 150 ciia td chiic Sau Viet Nam gia nhap WTO, 21/12/2006, Tdng thd'ng Bush cung chfnh thirc ky phe chuan viec trao quy che' thuong mai binh thudng vTnh vidn (PNTR) cho Viet Nam Viec Viet Nam gia nhap WTO se tao nhCrng co hdi mdi thuc day su tang trudng ciia cac nganh xual khau va ddu tu nude ngoai Su kien cung dat Viet Nam trudc sir canh tranh quyet liet loan cdu Day cung la ap luc ddi hdi Viet Nam phai nhanh chdng cai each mdt sd nganh cong nghiep dd tan dung triet di nhirng Ipi fch ciia viec gia nhap WTO Vd CO ban, nhiing tuu dat dupc neu tren quan he qudc te' da cd tac dpng tfch cue den tam ly trf thiic Song, viec md rdng quan he qudc te' cung dat khdng ft vdn dd Chdng han, viec gia nhdp WTO la co hdi mdi danh cho ngudi ddn Viet Nam nhung cung la thach thiic mdi danh cho ta't ca chiing ta Ben canh hoat dpng ngoai giao, hoat ddng hdi nhdp khu vuc, cac hoat dpng tupng trp xa hpi, giiip nhung ngudi cd hoan canh khd khan cung dupc 32 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd (155), - 2012 trf thuc danh gia kha cao (87,1% sd trf thirc dupc hdi cho rdng, hoal ddng da dupc thuc hien rat tdt hoac tuong ddi tdi) Cd the ke rai nhieu cac hoal ddng luong trp xa hdi dupc nhidu ngudi hudng ring nhu: Ung hd ire em ngheo vupt khd, iing hd nhung ngudi bi nhidm chai ddc mdu da cam, chuong trinh trai lim cho em, iing hd ddng bao noi bj bao lui Cac hoat ddng dupc to chuc mdt each rdng khdp tren pham vi loan qudc Tuy nhien, ben canh vice ghi nhan nhung tuu hoal dpng luong Up Ihi trf thuc cung nhan thay, can than tipng hon each ihi'rc phan bd hang ciiu trp den dung ddi lupng, tranh gay thai thoai, lang phf Ben canh nhung danh gia tfch cue cac van dd tren, Irf Ihuc nude ta edn ban khoan, Iran trd den nhidu van de khac, dd cd van dc bao ve mdi irudng, an ninh trat tu, chai lupng giao diic va dao lao d Viet Nam hien Van dd bao ve mdi Irudng dupc trf thuc nhdc ldi kha nhieu Cd tdi 60,2% sd ngudi dupc phdng van cho rdng, thdi ky hdi nhap, Viet Nam da giai quyei khdng idt van dd bao ve mdi Irudng ma ddu tien phai ke den la nan d nhidm mdi trudng Mdt sd trf thiic cho rdng, phan ddng ngudi dan Viel Nam dang phai sdng chung \'di d nhidm mdi Irudng nhidm mdi Irudng didn d khdp mpi noi Rac thai cdng nghiep khdng qua xir ly da xa Iruc liep mdi trudng xung quanh Cac nha may va cac co sd san xuat cd quy md viia va nhd ndm xen ldn Irong cac khu dan cu da gdp phan lam lang d nhidm tai nhidu khu vuc Hang nam lai cac khu cdng nghiep ven bien, hang tram trieu met khdi nude thai cdng nghiep va nude thai sinh hoat chua qua xir ly dd cac cii'a bien Mdt sd nganh cdng nghiep nhu hoa chat, phan bdn, khai thac che bien khoang san xa lupng nude thai ldn, dd true liep cac sdng, ao hd, lam d nhidm ngudn nude Dac biet tinh Irang ngudn nude ngdm diing cho sinh hoal cang bj d nhidm lupng thach tfn vupt qua ndng dp cho phep Danh gia yd nguyen nhan ddn tdi tinh trang nay, trf thiic cho rdng, khau quan ly ciia nude ta cdn long leo Mdt sd nha ddu tu nude ngoai da Ipi dung so hd cua phap luat Viet Nam, cung nhu sir yeu kem kiem tra giam sal lai cac cira khau nen da nhap vao Vicl Nam mdt sd may mdc Ihiei bj cd cdng nghe lac hau tham chf la nhung phe thai lir cac nude khac Viec chuydn giao cdng nghe lir nude ngoai vao Viet Nam dupc thirc hien thdng qua cac hpp ddng va dupc co quan quan ly nha nude vd khoa hpc cdng nghe chuan y Tuy vay, day la mdt hoal ddng cue ky khd khan ddi vdi cac nude liep nhan ddu tu ndi chung, ke ca Viet Nam, bdi khd cd the danh gia chfnh xac gia trj thuc ciia tiing loai cdng nghe nhung nganh khac nhau, dac biet nhu'ng nganh cdng nghe cao Do vay, ihudng phai thdng qua thuong lupng theo hinh thiic mac ca den hai ben cd the chdp nhan dupc, thi TAPCHfTAMLynOC, Sd2(155), 2012 33 mdi ky kei hpp ddng ehuyeii giao cdng nghe (ddn theo 2) Ben canh dd, d nhidm mdi tnrdng elifiih ngirdi dan lao cung kha nghiem trpng Thdi quen sinh hoat lap quan va ldi sdng da lao nen d nhidm mdi trudng cue bp d lirng dja phuong Chat lirpiig giao due va dao lao eung la mdt vdn dd trf thii:c nude ta Iran lid nhieu nhat Ke lir giiia ihe ky XX deii nay, Viet Nam da trdi qua ba cudc cai each giao due (19.^0 1956 1979) Sau nhung cudc cai each dd, nganh giao due \'a dao lao da ed mdt dien mao mdi He thdng giao due dupc thidt ke mpt each da dang tir bAc dao lao mam non deii dai hpc va tren dai hpc Day la nhiing tuu ndi bat ciia nganh giao due nhdm nang cao dan trf, dao tao ngudn nhan lire, gdp phdn xay dung the he Ire sir nghiep xay dung va bao ve to qudc Tuv nhien ihirc trang giao diic va dao lao hien khdng khdi lam cho nhieu ngudi ban khoan lo ldng Trong khao sat nay, cd tdi 44,1% sd trf thii'c cho rdng, ehai lupng dao tao hien chua tdt, NhCrng lo ldng ciia trf thiic dupc lap trung nhieu nhat d eae van de sau day: Phuong phap day hpc: Mdt sd trf lhu:c danh gia khau yeu nhdt cua he thdng giang day la phuong phap day hpc, phupng phap danh gia hpc sinh va viec day chua dam bao yeu cdu hpc di ddi vdi hanh PhUPng phap day cdn nang vd truydn dat kien thiic, chua phat huy tfnh chii ddng, sang tao ciia hpc sinh - Chat lupng dpi ngu giao vien, dac biel la dpi ngu nha giao ddu nganh bj hdng hut, khdng kjp bii ddp sd ngudi nghi huu Nang lire cap nhat kien ihiic mdi, sir dung ngoai ngir, ii:ng dung cdng nghe thdng tin vao giang day va nghien ciru khoa hpc ciia giao vien cdn thdp Nhidu vu gian lan tai lieng ciia nganh giao due: Gian lan thi cir tai Irudng trung hpc thdng Van Tao Thudng Tfn, Ha Tay, \'u lieu cue thi hpc sinh gidi mdn tin hpc d Hdi ddng thi tinh Thai Binh, vu loan ihi tai trudng trung hpc phd thdng Nam Dan 2, Nghe An, vu nang didm thi Cao hpc d Dai hpc Hue, vu chay trudng d irudng trung hpc phd thdng Le Quy Ddn, phd Hd Chf Minh, vii bdt xen khau phdn an tai mdt sd trudng mdm non, viec thu quy va chi tieu sai muc dfch d nhidu trudng ph6 thdng - Phdn ban trung hpc thdng la mdt chii truong ldn ciia nganh giao due Cd the thdy, nhiing da'u mdc dang chii y cua giao due phan ban Nam 1992, phan ban hep vdi ba ban la khoa hpc tu nhien (ban A), khoa hpc tu nhien - ky thuat (ban B) va ban khoa hpc xa hdi (ban C) Nam 1998, Thii tudng cd chi thi vd didu chinh chu truong phan ban d trung hpc ph6 thdng va dao tao hai giai doan d dai hpc, vi vay quyet djnh dirng tuydn sinh 16p 10 chuyen ban Nam 2003, thf diem chuong trinh trung hpc ph6 thdng mdi (chuong trinh phan ban) tai 11 tinh, phd vdi 48 trudng trung hpc ph6 thdng Hpc sinh'dupc phdn 34 TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd (155), - 2012 lam ban: khoa hpc tu nhien (ban A) va khoa hpc xa hdi (ban C) Nam 2004, md rdng them 41 trudng ciia cac quan huyen thudc 12 tinh, phd cd hpc sinh ldp hpc theo chuong trinh trung hpc co sd mdi, nang sd trudng thf diem len 89 trudng tai 21 tfnh Tuy nhien, viec phan hai ban sau nam thf diem da gap nhidu bat cap Nhung hpc sinh khdng cd hai thien hudng ciia mdt hai ban tren khdng biei dang ky vao ban nao Do vay, nam 2006 2007 tie'n hanh phan ban dai tra, ngoai hai ban ndi tren cdn cd them ban co ban O ban nay, hpc sinh cd the hpc nang cao theo khdi thi dai hpc hoac cung ed the khdng hpc nang cao mdn nao Mpt sd giao vien nhan djnh rdng, nguy co "xda sd" ban khoa hpc xa hdi nhan van la mdt bat cap chuong trinh phan ban hien Ty le hpc sinh dang ky vao ban khoa hpc xa hdi va nhan van cang giam Nguyen nhan la nhidu gia dinh, phu huynh va hpc sinh nhan thiic rdng, khdi ft trien vpng Ben canh dd, cd nhCrng nhan djnh luong ddi thien lech vd ban va cho rdng, nhung hpc sinh hpc yeu mdi vao ban khoa hpc xa hdi va nhan van Ngupc lai ban khoa hpc co ban lai id thdng the hau het cac Irudng phdn ldn hpc sinh dang ky vao ban co ban Nguyen nhan ban than cum lii "co ban" da giup cac phu huynh va hpc sinh hieu rdng tir ban cd the didu chinh de phat trien sang cac ban khac Nhidu Irudng 100% cac em hpc sinh chpn ban cp ban Cd the tha'y, chuong trinh phan ban dii cd da dang vd chuong trinh ciing nhu td chiic ldp hpc, cudi ciing hpc sinh vdn chpn each hpc de thi nhu truydn thd'ng Mdt sd ngudi danh gia, chuong trinh phan ban cd the dupc coi la thai bai Nan day them, hpc them: Mdt sd ngudi danh gia nan day them, hpc them cdn te hai hon nan day them d Han Qud'c trudc day Cd ngudi cho rdng, day thuc chat eiing la mdt hien tupng tham nhQng trudng hpc Danh gia ciia tri thiirc ve kha nang hpi nhap qudc te ciia Viet Nam giai doan 2010 2020 Tren CO sd nhirng phan tfch danh gia vd nhiing mat lam dupc va chua lam dupc biic tranh chung vd ndn kinh te xa hdi giai doan 2001 2010, tri thiic Viet Nam cd quan diem kha ro rang ve kha nang hdi nhap ciia Viet Nam giai doan 2010 - 2020 Ket qua khao sat cho thdy, nhidu trf thiic (chiem 55,0%) nghieng vd y kie'n cho rdng, Viet Nam cd kha nang tan dung dupc cae eo hdi phat trien nhidu hon la cha'p nhan rui ro qua trinh hpi nhap qud'c le Tuy nhien, sd ngudi ban khoan lo ldng ve nhung riii ro, nhiing siic ep ma Viet Nam se phai chju so sanh vdi nhCrng co hdi cd the cd cung khdng ft, chiem 23,7% sd ngudi TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd2 (155), - 2012 35 tia ldi Sd trf Ihii'c hoan loan tin tudng rdng, chiing ta cd the phat trien tdt, hdi nhap tdi vdi the gidi chiem khoang 1,8% Bdng 3: Ddnh gid cnu iri ihifc ve khd ndng h()i nhdp cua Viel Nam giai dogn 2010 2020 (%) Diinh gia vo kiia nang hdi nhap I lgi nhap nhung c(i nhiCni >cu the chiu siic nang ciia nhieu ticu cue \ay han la tan dung dugc cci lioi ph;il trien Hgi nhAp tuang ddi loi lan dung dugc Ciic ca hgi phat trien han la phai cha'p nhan nii ro Phat trien tdt, cd the hdi nhap tdt vdi the gidi Khd tra ldi Mdc y nglila Tham nien cdng hie 15 nam nam nam Dai hoc Hgc vj Thac Tien sT sT 22,9 24,7 22,9 27.0 23.9 26.7 15,2 55,7 55,9 47,8 51.7 57,2 52,0 52.9 67,6 11,8 9,4 13,7 12,4 10.6 8.6 12.4 14,1 5,7 9,5 11,2 7,5 12,4 10.6 8.6 11.7 6,3 11.4 long mau (•idl Nir Nam 2\1 2.^.( 55,0 /; < 0.05 /; < 0.05 p < 0.001 Nhirng trf lhLi:c cd irinh dp hpc vi cang cao, tham nien cdng tac cang nhidu ihicn vd each nhin tfch cue, nhung cung rai than trpng, sd hp nhidu ngudi (so vdi cac nhdm cd hpc vj thdp hPn va tham nien cdng tac ft hon) cho rdng, Viet Nam cd thd hdi nhap tuong ddi idt, cd the lan dung dupc co hdi phat trien hon la chap nhan riii ro (p < 0,05) Nu trf thirc cd each nhin lac quan hon nam tri thiic ve kha nang phat trien ciia dat nude nhirng nam tdi, nhidu nu trf thiic (trong so sanh vdi nam trf thLi:c) cho rdng, Viet Nam se phat trien tdt va hdi nhdp tdt vdi the gidi (p < 0,05) Tuy nhien, dd Viet Nam cd the hdi nhap kinh te' tdt, nude ta cdn chii trpng thuc hien tdt mdt sd vdn dd cap thiet Cac ket qua nghien ciru cho thdy, sd ba nhdm vdn dd dupc neu (vd'n dd lien quan de'n ngudn nhan lire; 36 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, So (155), - 2012 van dd lien quan den khoa hpc cdng nghe va vdn dd lien quan den mdt sd khfa canh thuan kinh te") thi trf Ihuc dac biel nha'n manh vai ltd ciia ngudn nhan luc, sau dd la van dd khoa hpc - cdng nghe, cudi ciing la nhung khfa canh thudn kinh te Cac ket qua cu the nhu sau: Bdng 4: Dieu kien di}'hdi nhdp quiic te thdnh cdng Phuang an tra Idi (%) Cac linh vuc van hoa - \a hdi Khdng thuc sir can thiei Tuang ddi can Rai can Khu tra idi Phat trien kinh tethi trudlig manh hon 5.0 27,3 67.1 0,5 Tao ca hdi va di^u kien (vd'n, luAl phap ) nhieu han cho khu \'u'c kinh tc tu nhan phat trien 3.2 27,7 67,6 1,5 Giam bd't su can thiep cua Nha nude vao qua trinh phat trien kinh te 16,7 39,1 39,2 5,0 Nhanh chdng nang cao chai lugng ngudn nhan lire thdng qua nang cao chai lugng giao due \'a dao tao 4,4 13,3 80,5 1,9 Chil trgng hinh y thuc trach nhiem cdng viec cua ngudi lao ddng 5,6 19,4 72,4 2,6 Tao bude ngoat ung dung khoa hgc cdng nghe 2.6 20,3 74,3 2,9 Chuyen nhanh tir gia cdng hang hoa sang chu dgng san xuat hang hoa cd ham lugng tri thiic cao 4,0 21,8 70,9 3,2 Tap trung phat trien mdt sd ITnh vuc nganh nghe mui nhgn 3.5 23,9 69,7 2,9 Nhanh chdng hinh phong each kinh doanh chii trgng chQ tin 3,5 19.9 73,7 2,9 10 Nang cao tinh than tu tdn dan tdc eiia ngudi Viet Nam 4,7 23.6 69,0 2.7 11 Tap trung xay dung thuang hieu 3,5 24.7 69,8 1,9 Vd ngudn nhan lii'c: + Nhanh chdng nang cao chat lupng ngudn nhan luc thdng qua viec nang cao cha't lupng giao due va dao tao (80,5% sd ngudi cd y kien); TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd2 (155), - 2012 37 + Nhanh chdng hinh phong each kinh doanh chii trpng chii tfn (73,7%); -I- Chii trpng hinh va nang cao d ngudi lao ddng y thiic trach nhiem li'ong cdng viee (72.4%); + Nang eao tinh than in ton ddn ldc ciia ngudi Viet Nam; Ve khfa canh khoa hpc cdng nghe: + Can ph;ii tao bude ngoat irng diing khoa hpc (74,3^;); cdng nghe + Chuyen nhanh lir gia cong hang hod sang chii ddng san xudt hang hoa cd ham lupng tri thirc cao (69,7%); Vdn dd lien quan den mot sd khfa canh Ihudn kinh te': + Tap irung xay dirng thucyng hieu dac biet la cac thuong hieu mang tfnh dan toe va qudc gia (69,8%); + Tap trung phai trien mdt sd ITnh virc nganh nghd mui nhpn (69,7%); + Tao CO hdi va dieu kien (vdn, luat phap ) nhidu hon cho khu vuc kinh te tu nhan phat trien (67,6%); -I- Phat tridn kinh le ihi irudng manh hon (67,1%) Rd rang, mudn phat tridn kinh te thi ngudn nhan lire ciia dat nude cd y nghTa hang ddu, bdi dd la ndn tang co sd, la ngudn luc cd the tao nhung cii hfch ddu tien ca vd mat lupng va chat cua sir phat trien Ben canh dd, bdi canh phat trien hien cung nhu nhCrng nam tdi, ndn kinh te tri thu^c, ndn kinh te xanh da djnh hinh va phat trien d mdt sd nude phat tridn va la xu hudng phat trien tdt yeu didu kien lai nguyen thien nhien tren pham vi loan the gidi dan can kiet, mdi Irudng sdng cang d nhidm thi viec nang cao ham lupng tri thirc khoa hpc cac san phdm ciia ndn kinh le se la mpt didu kien lien quyet de nude la cd thd canh tranh vdi cac nude khac tren the gidi De giai quyet dupc van dd nay, suy cho cung, lai lien quan de'n chai lupng ngudn nhan luc Mdt diem dang chii y la kha ft sd trf thure nhdt trf vdi quan diem cho rdng, de Viet Nam cd the phat tridn tdt va hdi nhap tdt thi cdn giam bdt su can thiep cua Nha nude vao qua trinh phat tridn kinh te' (39,2% sd ngudi cho la cdn thiei; 39,1% tuong ddi cdn thiei va 16,7% cho rdng khdng that su cdn thiet) Nhung sd lieu cho thay, nhidu trf thiic nude ta vdn dd cao vai trd cua Nha nude quan ly va didu tiet ndn kinh te, kd ca ndn kinh te' dd phat trien theo md hinh kinh te thj trudng 38 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd (155), - 2012 De cd the phat trien mdt each bdn vung tuong lai, mdi nude cd nhu'ng each lua chpn md hinh phat trien cua rieng minh Trong so sanh luong quan giua phat trien kinh te va phat tridn van hod - xa hpi, bao ve mdi trudng cd ft nhat hai md hinh phat tridn sau day: 1) Uii lien phat tridn kinh te, cdn cac vdn di van hoa, xa hpi, mdi irudng cd the di sau mdt bude va 2) Phat tridn kinh te phai di ddi vdi viec xay dirng va phat tridn van hoa, xa hpi, bao ve mdi trudng, thuc hien cdng bdng xa hdi Theo kei qua khao sal ciia nghien cuu nay, phan ddng trf thuc (88,8%) cho rdng, dd cd dupc sir phat trien bdn vung tuong lai, Viet Nam can phai tien hanh ddng thdi phat tridn kinh te va phat tridn van hda, xa hdi, bao ve mdi Irudng, IhiJc hien cdng bdng xa hdi NhCrng ngudi ddng linh vdi md hinh phat trien theo hudng uu lien phat Irien kinh te, cdn cac van dd van hoa, xa hdi, mdi trudng cd thd di sau mdt bude, chiem ly le rai ft (6,3%) Bdng 5: Ddnh gid ciia tri thifc ve md hinh phdt trien Md hinh phat trien Phan tram so ngudi lua chgn Uii tien phat trien kinh te, cdn cac van de van hoa, xa hdi mdi trudng cd the di sau mgt bude 6,3 Phat trien kinh te phai di ddi \di viec xay dung va phat trien van hoa xa hdi bao \'e mdi trudng, thuc hien cdng bang xa hdi (ddng thdi quan tam den cac van de dd) 88,8 Khd tra ldi 4,8 Tuy nhien, danh gia vd thuc le phat trien giai doan tir nam 2000 de'n nay, chi cd 20% so trf thiic cho rdng, nude ta da that sir phat tridn kinh te di ddi vdi phat trien van hoa - xa hdi, thuc hien cdng bdng xa hdi, bao ve mdi Irudng Phan ddng sd hp (80,0%) nhan djnh rdng, viec phat trien kinh te da dupc chu trpng, nhien, van hoa, y le giao due, cdng bdng xa hdi, van di bao ve mdi trudng chua dupe quan tam diing miic Tren pham vi ca nude, cdn thieu cac dja diem sinh hoat van hoa cdng cpng Nhung hoat ddng ITnh vuc y te edn nhidu bat eap Thie'u thdy thudc gidi tai nhCrng viing sau viing xa, thieu benh vien, thie'u dung cu phuc vu cho y te Day cung chfnh la nhCrng bdt cap cdn phai giai quyet kjp thdi nhdm lien ldi xdy dung mdt Viet Nam phat trien bdn viing Tom lai, nhu'ng phan tfch tren day cho chiing ta thay, nhin chung trf thiic danh gia tfch cue vd su phat tridn van hoa, xa hdi Viet Nam giai doan 2001 2010, nhien, su chuyen bien edn cham Tren tirng ITnh vuc phat trien cu TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, So (155), - 2012 39 the cd nhu'ng diem manh va diem yeu nhai djnh Nhiing danh gia tren day the hien muc dd quan tam ciia trf thiic den van menh chung cua ddt nude, cua dan tdc va ddng Ihdi cung khdng djnh, tdng Idp trf thuc nude ta khdng thd o, khdng diing ngoai cudc Tuy cd nhirng ban khoan Iran trd vd mdt sd vd'n dd n6i cdm, nhung nhin chung trf Ihii'c nghieng ve y kien cho rdng, Viel Nam cd kha nang tan dung dupc^cac CO hdi phai Irien nhidu hon la chdp nhdn riii ro qua trinh hdi nhap qudc le Ben canh dd, nhirng riii ro, nhung siic ep ma Viet Nam se phdi chiu qua trinh hdi nhap cung la vdn dd cdn quan tdm va tfnh den NhCrng dd xual ciia trf Ihuc cho rdng, de cd dupe sU phat tridn bdn vung tuong lai, Viet Nam cdn phai lien hanh ddng thdi phat tridn kinh le va phat tridn van hda, Xii hdi, bao ve mdi trudng ihuc hien cdng bdng xa hdi Tai lieu tham khao Sd lieu khao sat thirc tidn dugc tham khao tir sd lieu ciia dd tai nghidn ciiu khoa hgc cap Bg: Nghien cifu mgi sd dgc diem tdm ly xd hdi ca bdn ciia tri thifc nifdc la, Vien Tam ly hgc chu tri PGS.TS Le Thj Thanh Huong va TS La Thi Thu Thuy dong chil nhiem Bdo cdo 20 ndm ddu tu nifdc ngodi tgi Viet Nam 1988 2007, http://fia.mpi.gov.vn Gido due ddo tgo: ngdnh gdy nliieu bite xiic, http://www.giaothongvantai.com.vn Le Thi Thanh Huong, chii bien, Nhdn cdch vdn hda tri thifc Viet Nam tien trinh doi mdi vd hdi nhdp qud'e te, NXB Khoa hpc xa hgi Ha Ngi, 2010 40 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd (155), - 2012 ... qudc te ciia Viet Nam giai doan 2010 2020 Tren CO sd nhirng phan tfch danh gia vd nhiing mat lam dupc va chua lam dupc biic tranh chung vd ndn kinh te xa hdi giai doan 2001 2010, tri thiic Viet... (155), - 2012 31 Sd lieu khao sal lai bang eho thdy, tren cac ITnh vuc van hda - xa hdi giai doan 2001 2010 tri thiic danh gia Ifch cue nhu'ng tuu da lam dupc, bao gdm irudc hei la hoat ddng...Bdng 1: Ddnh gid ciia tri thifc ve cdc hogt d()ng vdn hod xd hdi giai dogn 2001 2010 Diem trung bhih Chua tdt Trat tu an loan xa hdi 2,04 17,6 59,9 19,9 2,6 Chdng cac te