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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Interdisciplinary Sci., 2014, Vol 59, No I, pp 146-151 TU VAN TAM LY- GIAO DUG TIEN HOC DUONG CHO TRE MOT S CA THUC CHLTNG VA K H U v i N NGHI DANH CHO PHU HUYNH Tran Thi Le Thu Khoa Tdm li Gido due, Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Hd Npi Tom tat Bai bao neu bat vai ird, lira quan Uong va y nghia cua tU vln tam Ii giao due cho tre tudi lien hpc dudng Tap trung phSn tich, tdng kit bai hpc kinh nghiem qua 13 ca tu van tam li - giao due liln hoc dudng cho tre; minh hpa bang mot ca thUc chflng cu the Bai bao ciing nen ro nhflng khd khan, trd ngai tam Ii ma phu huynh va tre tudi tien tieu hoc thudng gap phai Tren cd sd nhflng dfl lieu thuc chflng nay, tac gia dl xull mdt sd khuyin nghi danh cho phu huynh linh vUc lam li - giao due liln hpc dudng cho tre, TUkhda: Tu van tam li - giao due nln hoc dudng, kho khan tSm Ii, thuc chflng, bai hpc kinh nghiem, ure luoi tien hpc dudng Md dau CJ giai doan cudi tuoi mlu giao Idn, tam hdn thd be khong it dfla tie "vd mdng" nhflng lai khdng bilt ndi thi nao de ba me, thay cd va ngfldi Idn xung quanh hieu Tham chi nhieu dfla tre vln dang tinh trang chfla bao gid thich trfldng mlu giao, vay ma mdt lan nfla ap Iflc hoc hanh va ndi lo sd tdi trfldng lieu hoc lai bat dlu nhen nhflm, bat dau ddi vao dfla tre cau hdi dat la ngudi Idn chung ta cd chiu Iang nghe va hieu tam hdn tre, hieu tre tdi rafle can hieu khdng? Mdi kJii dm, cd vln dk vl the chat, chflng ta can than'dfla vao benh vien, tai benh vien, bac si kham rat can than rdi mdi kit luan tinh trang benh va ke ddn thudc; thi nhung moi co trd ngai vl hpc hanh, ve tSm li, vl tri tue hinh nhu chflng ta deu tu bang kinh nghiem chu quan de danh gia, phan xet va trd giflp Rat cd the kinh nghiem va dlu dc khai quat hda cua chung ta lai khdng dung, va dd chflng ta vd tinh day tre lam vao tinh trang tdi te hdn thay vi trd giup va giao due cac dung hudng Bai viet - thdng qua tong kit nhflng ca thflc chflng nham tfl vln tam ly - giao due liln hpc dudng cho tre va dua mot vai khuyin nghi hflu ich cho phu huynh cd dp tudi den trudng Ngay nhan bar 22/11/2013 Ngay nhan dang- 15/1/2014 Lien he: Tran Thi Le Thu e-mail; lhulel509@gmail com Tu vdn torn h gmo due tiin hoc dudng cho tre - ,„d, rd ca tliuc chiing Noi dung nghien ciiu 2,1 13 ca thirc chiing 2.1.1 H^i ciru mot ca- "con cang th^ng va lo JSng" a Bdi cdnh va Hnh trang ban ddu hTc dUdng) ' ""' " ' " ' ° ' " ' ' ' "'' ' ' ' " "^^ '^ '""^ ^' "^^S tinh riln 3- tuln gin thdi diem tim gap nha tu vln chau trd nen trim hdn it ndi it hoat t^U,r?^T *'!?- K ' - ^ I " ! ; ^ ' ' ^ ^ ' ' '^''^^ ^^^."'" "^^y ^ ^ *^^" ^^ hay phan flng manh vdi ngUdi than Dac biel bd me, dng ba nhac chau vao ban lam "bai lap" i6 chfl, chau khong vui/khdng hao hflng; chau vao ban ngdi mien cuOng va cd the ngdi lam Ji d ban idi 20- 25 phut va khdng to gi ca ldp, chau thudng lilp thu va id chfl cham hdn em gai, cham hdn cac ban Chau cung td khdng thich thu vdi viec din trudng ralm non nfla, chau ludn ngd xem tdi trUdng me cd ndi chuyen hoac trao ddi gi vdi cd giao mara non khdng Chau td khdng thich thly me ndi gi dd vdi ed Gia dinh rlt lo Iang ve viec hpc cfla chau, sd chau bi cham phat trien hay cd van dl gi dd ve tri tue, gia dinh tira gap nha tam H de mong dupe danh gia xem chau cd van dl gi ve tri tue khdng??? b Ddnh gid Trao ddi, tilp xuc vdi gia dinh chau, qua danh gia Idi xac dinh dfldc nhflng nhan td tac dpng gay nen sfl thay ddi va phan flng cua chau ddi vdi viec "id chfl": ddi vdi ngfldi than, cha me, giao vien va trUdng mim non Cudc sdng trUdc dd cua be trai vdn diln rlt era dep, idi thdi diem bit dlu hpc sd, chfl, tap td chau cung ddng thdi bit dau lo Iang va cang thing, cd the (I) Chau chua thai san sang va chua hflng thU vdi viec hpc sd, td chfl: vi trudc chau chua dUdc trd giflp gi d nhflng ky nang cd ban lam nln tang cho nhflng ky nang cd bat dau day; vay chau rlt khd khan cam bflt va to, ; (2) Chau co cham hdn mdt chut so vdi lfla tudi ve vl ky nang van ddng tinh ndi chung; (3) Chau ludn phai nghe ldi so sanh ciia cd giao dng ba va bd me vdi era gai: "cau khdng bang em gai, chua lam xong bai cham lam, khdng biet tUdng lai thi nao, khdng bill sau cd hoc dupc khdng v.v"; (4) Cung vdi ldi so sanh chau cam nhan dupc ndi lo, su than phien cua cd giao, ciia ca nha thdng qua bieu cam ngdn ngfl va phi ngdn ngfl kha nhilu, kha manh me va rd rang; (5) O ldp chau dan thieu tU tin, sd cd giao, sd gid td va gid hpc so/chfl; (6) nha bat dlu ghet em gai, ghel ngfldi than vi bat chau hpc vi lam chau "flc chl"; (7) Chau la chau trudng nen chiu Tran Thi Le Thu ap lUc Idn tfl ky vpng cua dng ba, cha me vao chau Bd chau cho biet "dng ba lo lam, sd chau la chau dich tdn ma tri tue kem cdi!" ludn nhac nhd bd me chau phai day chau nhieu hdn; (8) Nhin thly cd giao, thly em, thay nhflng gi lien quan tdi hpc chfl, td, sd Ia cam giac that bai, buon, xau hd, tu ti lai da vao tam hdn chau Qua danh gia tdi cung nhan thly: Me chau la mot can bp nha nUdc, bd chau cung la giao vien vi vay anh chi cd so sanh chau vdi cai cua ddng nghiep, vdi cac ban cung ldp, vdi anh chi era gia dinh cua chau ; va ndi lo cua anh chi cua dng ba mot tang len Dac biet giao vien d Idp chUa hieu sau vl chau (nang lUc, hflng thfl, sd thich, ky nang, ) ChUdng trinh day d Idp chua phu hpp vdi chau, each trao ddi va giao tilp cua gia dinh vdi cd giao chua phu hdp; each phe binh, than philn cua me vl chau cung la mot ap Iflc Idn ddi vdi chau (vi than phien chau me ndi ring: co giao bao ) Tdi danh gia va xac dinh thly chau chfla dfldc thau hieu chfla dflpc trd giup va hfldng dan dung each Chau bi cd lap va lac long the gidi day ap thach thflc (bai tap khd so vdi kha nang cua chau) mac cara, nhilu that bai so vdi em gai - chau thflc sfl dang rlt cang thang va lo Iang Chau khdng bilt ndi va giai thich sfl lo Iang, cang thing cua minh; vi thi chau chi cd the ne tranh hoac phan flng raanh vdi nhflng nhan td gay cang thang va lo Iang cho chau c Tu vdn tdm li- gido due Tdi da phan tich de bd chau hieu ve tinh trang cfla chau nhu toi nhan dinh va danh gia d tren Bd chau Iang nghe toi va radi doan phan ti'ch ciia tdi bd chau deu dap lai' "Dung nhu thi cd a! Vay em nen lam gi bay gid? Thfldng chau qua! Dung la gia dinh em khdng hieu chau! Chau khdng bi vl tri tue cd? " Tdi da tfl vln va trao ddi vdi bd chau vl each hieu tam li, tri tue cfla chau, ve each dieu chinh flng flng xfl va giao due cua ca gia dinh, cua giao vien ddi vdi chau Tdi khuyen anh chfla cln phai danh gia sau hoac kiera tra gi ve tri tue cua chau; dilu cln lam la mpi ngfldi xung quanh phai hieu chau trfldc va cd each flng xfl, hfldng din, giao due phu hdp kha nang cfla chau Bd chau hdp tac vdi tdi rlt hieu qua Anh da ddng y ndi chuyen vdi cac vien gia dinh de rapi ngudi dlu hieu chau, hieu kha nang cua chau, hieu sU cang thang va lo ling cfla chau hien Khdng than philn, so sanh chau vdi em, vdi ban, khdng td buon hay that vpng ve chau nfla Ca nha hfldng din chau tfl tfl, tflng bfldc mdt; ddng thdi khen, khuyen khich va ddng vien chau tflng tien bd nho; so sanh chau cua hdm vdi chinh chau hdm qua- vui vi tflng bfldc tien bd cua chau Tdi tu vln anh nen trao ddi vdi vd va giao vien day chau: khdng nen ndi nhilu vl nhflng gi chau chua lam dUdc, khdng nen d dau cung "cdng khai hda" va nhlc chau ve nhflng gi chau chua dat dUdc; trao doi vdi cd giao de dua hoat ddng va bai hpc phii hdp; hudng dan chau tfl tfl, dung each, ap dung chien Iflpc khuyin khich hieu qua vdi chau Tdi cung khang dinh tinh yeu va sU quan tam, lo ling cua gia dinh, cua giao vien cflng la vi tfldng lai cua chau; tdi cdng nhan linh yeu va sfl quan tam cua ba me chau, cd giao va dng ba danh cho chau Dong thdi tdi tfl vln de tinh yeu va sfl quan tam phu hdp, mang lai ldi ich trflc tiep ddi vdi sfl phat trien tam li, tri tue cua chau hien va 148 Tu vdn ldm li - gido due lien hoc dudng cho tre - mdl sd ca thuc cluing tUdng lai d Kit qua Tdi xin mUdn ldi phan hdi cua bd chau de ndi ve kit qua - bd chau cam dn tdi thi sau hai thang: "Cd di, be trai nha em tiln bd rd ret cd a Chau bay gid tu tin va hoc tdt chang khac gi em cua minh Cam on cd da cho em Idi khuyen bd ich vl each giao due va flng xfl vdi chau." (em T 5/6/2013), Ket qua la sfl nd Iflc cfla bd chau, su ddng thuan cua ca gia dinh giao vien each hd trd va hieu dung vl chau 2.1.2 Tong ket kinh nghiem 13 ca tfl van Ngoai ca cu the tdi hdi cdn tdm tat d tren, tdi cung da thUc hien tham vln va tri lieu 13 ca khac (tfl thang nam 2011 din thang nam 2013) danh cho phu huynh va cac 5- tudi Tdi xin tdng kit ngan gon nhflng thdng tin chung, dang chfl y qua cac ca a Van di chinh cua cdc md ba me cdn trp giup Qua cac ca tdi da thuc hien tu vln, nhflng van dl chinh thudng gap d Ire ma ba me gia dinh lo ling- cln tU van la (I) Vl tap trung chu y; cac khdng tap trung vao bai hpc (tilt hpc ky nang tiln hpc dudng d trudng mim non) (2) Cd giao than phien: rlt khd hfldng din td net, td chfl va sd; khdng nhd dupc tren 1/2 cac chu/sd cd day (3; Con khdng hoc dupe, khdng theo kip cac ban d ldp vl cac bai luyen de thi vao mdt IrUdng tieu hpc ba me ky vpng (4) Con rlt sd di hoc them tiln lieu hpc hoc id so, td net td chfl Bao di hpc la khdc (5) Con phan flng dfl dpi gia dinh nhac ngdi vao ban hoc (td sd Id chfl, ); lien tuc ndi "con ghet hoc" (6) Con lo sp, cang thing va khdc chuan bi dl kiem tra vao ldp I (7) Mot sd gia dinh cho di hpc trfldc chfldng trinh ldp khong theo kip da sd ban d ldp hpc ihera, diem thap nen sp va khdng thich den ldp hpc tilp (8) Thi trfldt ky Ihi vao ldp d mot trUdng nao dd cang thing mdi ndi tdi kiem tra hoac den trudng hpc b Van de cua ba me vd gia dinh lien quan tdi mdt sd ca tu van, ngoai van dl cua tre, tdi cung nhan thly gia dinh cac chau cung cd nhflng mau thuan, bat ddng viec giao due tre d dd tudi lien hpc dudng; nhflng van de chu yeu la: (I) Mau thuan chon trfldng, chon ldp cho con, khdng thdng nhai gia dinh, (2) Mau thuan viec cd nen day trfldc chfl va sd cho khdng? Cd nen day trfldc chudng trinh tieu hpc cho con? (3) Mlu thuln viec Ihuc hien thdng nhat mot thdi gian bieu cho tre (4) Lo ling vi thi vao trudng tieu hoc nao ma gia dinh chon cung "trupt" (5) Lo ling vi vao trUdng tieu hoc cd cdn dUdc cham sdc idi nhu d trudng mam non c Nguyen nhdn chinh gay nen nhiing vdn de khd khdn tdm li ciia tre d dp tuoi tiin tieu hpc Cd the cd nhieu nguyen nhan chu quan va khach quan gay nen khd khan tam li giao due cfla tre, dfldi day la mdl sd nguyen nhan: (I) Cac khdng dfldc hieu- ba me ngfldi than, cd giao chfla hieu tam li ky nang va linh trang hien thdi cua con: chua ihUc su lam ban vdi (2) Mdi tre cd tdc dp nhip dp va ban chit phat trien khac nhau- nhung 149 Tran Thi Le Thu gia dinh ludn raang so sanh vdi mot ban cu the va tao ap lUc cho tre (3) Ky vpng thi dUdc vao trudng tieu hoc nay, np, - muc tieu la vi gia dinh chfl khdng xem xet tdi kha nang va tara 11 cfla tre (4) Qua lo ling cho tUdng lai cua nen gay ap Iflc cho (5) Chfla sfl dung dflng nhflng chfldng trinh, nhflng chien lUdc phat trien ky nang tien tieu hpc danh cho tre mam non (6) Chu ylu thuc hien giao due theo kinh nghiem va tinh tu phat; tham chi nhilu cha me gop nhat, nghe ngdng kmh nghiem tfl du Iuan xa hpi (bao chi, trang raang xa hdi v.v.) nhflng thilu tfl phe phan nen ap dung sai cho d Xu hudng tiep can can thiep/tu vdn TU van cd kit qua d 13 ca chu yeu tap trung vao md hinh can thiep tich hdp va loan dien tam li hpc trfldng hpc Cach tilp can can thiep mang tinh tdng the, bao gdm hfldng chinh: hd trp/tri lieu cho tre, tfl vln cho gia dinh (bd me, ong ba, cd chfl, ngfldi giflp viec ) tfl van danh cho giao vien cua tre (giao vien d trUdng mim non, giao vien day them tiln tieu hoc/tieu hpc) Tuan thu cac nguyen tac dao dflc nghl, thflc hien cac chiln lUdc va ky thuat can thiep trUc tilp, gian tilp tren nen tang cua xu hfldng can thiep tich hdp va hdi nhap dieu chinh hfldng can thiep phu hpp vdi tre, vdi gia dinh tre va vdi mdi trUdng Idp hoc tre dang tham gia, Tilp can can thiep theo hUdng tich hdp va hpi nhap cdn dac biet chu y tdi tinh van hda vung railn, chfl y tdi dac diem ca nhan, sinh thai cua mdi than chu 2.2 Mot so y kien de xuat v6i cac bac phu huynh Chflng ta sinh ra, Idn len va di hoc rlt nhilu, hpc de lam viec va tri nghe nghiep, kiem sdng; hoc de lara ngudi, sdng hai hda xa hpi, nhien chung ta cd quen rait phai hpc kiln thflc va ky nang lam chdng/lam vd, dac biet la ky nang lam cha/Iam me, lam dng va lam ba Tai san Idn nhlt cua chung ta la cai, chau chat vay ma thdi gian chung ta danh cho hinh nhfl ludn it hdn danh cho cdng viec, Xa hpi cang hien dai va phflc tap bao nhieu, cang ddi hdi chung ta de tam tdi tre bly nhieu Tfl nhflng phan tich va tdng kit kinh nghiem 13 ca tfl vln d tren tdi cd mot vai khuyin nghi danh cho cha rae va gia dinh cua tre (dp tudi tiln tieu hpc) nhU sau: (I) Tfl minh hoc hdi (hoac tim cac tai lieu, khda hpc) ve tam li, tri tue cua (cua tre cm lfla tudi nay), cln Iflu y hpc hdi tfl ngudn tai lieu, tfl lieu dang tin cay (tranh cac ngudn tai lieu va bao chi "la cai"), (2) Tira hieu nhdm kiln thflc va ky nang tien hpc dfldng ma tre nen dfldc chuan bi va ren luyen nhflng nam mim non, dac biet la nam raau giao Idn Lfla chon ndi dung va each hfldng din cac ky nang tiln hoc dfldng phu hpp vdi dac diem tam sinh ly cua minh (3) Tranh ep tre thflc hien nhflng gi raa rainh nghi la tdt va dung: nen dua vao tinh trang tam li, tri tue, sflc khoe the chit cfla trudc quylt dinh nen hpc gi, dfldc day gi, vao hoc trfldng/ldp nao.(4) Cha me nen hieu giai doan chuyen vao tieu hpc cua tre la giai doan chuyen dan tfl hoat ddng chdi la chu ylu sang hpc la chii dao, qua trinh hit sflc tfl tfl, khdng nen ddn dap, ep budc (5) Phong ngfla trudc hdi chflng "cang thing", "vd mdng", "sp trfldng hpc", "gia benh", d bang each chuan bi 150 Tu vdn tdm li - gido due lien hpc dudng cho ire - mot sd ca thuc chitng tam thi cho chau trfldc vao tieu hpc (tam li - xfle cam, tinh cam, y chi va sinh ly) (6) c l n tao quan he ddng minh, ddng thuan tfl tit ca cac vien gia dinh va giao vien d trfldng mim non viec hieu va day tre (nhflng kiln thflc, ky nang tiln hoc dfldng), (7) Khi can tfl van nen lim tdi cac chuyen gia chuyen sau ve flng dung tam li - giao due, tranh giao due kieu kinh nghiem thuan tfly, tfl phat, khdng ludng trfldc dupc rfli ro (8) Gia dinh, ba me cua tre thau hieu tam Ii, tri tue, the chat cfla con, bilt each chia se sau sic vdi con, bilt each hudng din va giao due phu hdp vdi se tao nen mdt nln tang tfldng lai vflng vang, giflp cdn tu tin nhilu mat cfla cupc sdng, dac biet la nhflng chap chflng vao tieu hoc, Ket luan Budc chuyen giao gifla bac hoc mam non va tieu hpc la vd cung quan trpng Thi gidi mdng md, tudi thd tu dd vdi chdi ma hoc bat dlu khep lai din; chuyen tfl hoat dong chu dao sang hoc, hpc la chinh va cd mot phln hpc thdng qua qua chdi Bai vilt cfla chung tdi nham tap trung (I) tdng kit kinh nghiem 13 ca tu vln (tU 1/2011- 09/ 2013), phan tich va minh hoa sau 01 ca tU vln gia dinh vl giao due tre tuoi mlu giao Idn nhflng hieu bilt va ki nang tiln hoc dudng, chuan bi tam li cho cac trudc vao tieu hpc; (2) tren cd sd dd dua mot sd khuyin nghi danh cho cae bac phu huynh cd d tudi dau tieu hpc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] VdThi Minh Chi, 20il Nghien ciiru I'atg dung tdm li hpc hpc dudng nhd irudng phd thdng De tai d p Bp, ma sd B 2009-17- 173TD Bd Giao due & Dao tao [2] Trin Thi Ngoc Chuc, 2008 Cdn chuan bi nhffng gi cho tre vdo Idp Nxb Tong hdp Tp Hd Chi Minh, [3] Le My Dung, 2011 Khd khdn ldm li hoat dpng hpc lap ciia hpc sinh ueu Iwc De tai cap Bd, raa sd B2009- 17-180, Bd Giao due & Dao tao, [4] Vu Ngpc Ha, 2011 Khd khdn tdm liciia hoc sinh ddu lap J Nxb Tfl dien Bach khoa [5] Tran Thi Le Thu, 2011- 2013 Ho so tham vdn vd tri lieu cd nhdn - gia dinh ABSTRACT Education & psychology consultation for pre-school children - data based cases & recommendations for the parents This article focuses on the role & the importance of education & psychology consultation for pre- school children It also analyzes the content and -eviews the experiences (lesson-learned) of education & psychology consultation of 13 real cases; concentrated deeply on one concrete case Common psychological difficulties of pre-school children and their parents are also summarized & presented With these data-based the author gives some recommendations for the parents of pre-school children in the field of education & psychology for their children ... ap dung sai cho d Xu hudng tiep can can thiep/tu vdn TU van cd kit qua d 13 ca chu yeu tap trung vao md hinh can thiep tich hdp va loan dien tam li hpc trfldng hpc Cach tilp can can thiep mang... nghiem 13 ca tfl van Ngoai ca cu the tdi hdi cdn tdm tat d tren, tdi cung da thUc hien tham vln va tri lieu 13 ca khac (tfl thang nam 2011 din thang nam 2013) danh cho phu huynh va cac 5- tudi... ABSTRACT Education & psychology consultation for pre-school children - data based cases & recommendations for the parents This article focuses on the role & the importance of education & psychology
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