THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
cAcH THQC THOA MAN NHU CAU TU LAP CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC CO S6 ThS Thach Thj H6ng Mo Trudng Cao ddng Ngd Gia Tu Bdc Giang .-; >-:.^i TOM TAT Khdo sdt 150 hgc sinh cdc trudng trung hgc ca sd d Bdc Giang ve cdch thuc thda man nhu cdu tu lap cho thdy, nhu cdu tu lap cua hgc sinh THCS bieu hien a muc cao nhung hdnh vi nhdm thda man nhu cdu tte lap cua hgc sinh lai dat d muc trung binh Bdi bdo ciing cho thdy, co moi tuang quan thuan giua nhu cdu tu lap vdi hdnh dgng nhdm thda man nhu cdu tu lap cua hgc sinh Tit kit qua nghien ciru tren, bdi bdo dua mgt so kien nghi nhdm hinh thdnh vd thuc day nhung hdnh vi tu lap theo hudng tich cue nhdt ddi vdi su hinh vdphdt trien nhdn cdch cua hgc sinh THCS Tir khoa; Nhu cdu tu lap; Cdch thiic thda mdn nhu cdu tu lap; Hgc sinh trung hgc ca sd Ngdynhdnbdi: XZIl12^6; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/4/2017 ABSTRACT This stucfy was conducted on 150 students in secondary schools in Bac Giang province to learn how they satisfy their need for self-reliance Result showed that, the need to be self-relianct in students in secondary school is high but their behaviors to meet this are medium In addition, there is a positive correlation between the need for self-reliance and behaviors to satisfy them Results also bring about some suggestions build and promote self-reliant behaviors by following the most positive methods of personality development in secondary school Keywords: Need in self-reliance; Fulfilling needs in self-reliance; Secondary school students Dat van de Khi birac vao liia tuoi hoc sinh THCS, cr cac em xuat hi$n mpt cam giac het siic doc dao, la "minh da Id ngudi Idn" Cam giac vh sir truong khiln cac em bat dau dinh hucmg vao nhung gia tri ciia ngiroi Ion, bi^u hien a nguyen vpng muon giong nguai Ion a ve b6 ngoai, mu6n gia nhap mot vai ITnh vuc 78 TAPCHfTAMLyHpC.S6'5 (218), - doi s6ng va boat dong cua ngucri Ion mu6n co nhiing pham chat, ky nang, quy^n ban va dac quy In nhu nguoi Ion: la quyen dupe tu quyet dinh nhOng viec CO lien quan ddn ban than, mu6n la chii the boat dpng ma khong muon bi can thiep Mot dac tinh chung ciia hpc sinh THCS la muon dupe tu lap de CO the "'chuyen nhanh" sang the gidi ciia nguofi Ion vai day dii kha nang de bat dau cupc sdng rieng ciia minh Cac em mong muon dupe khang dinh minh bang hanh dpng tu ISp, cung dong thai la de thoat khoi nhung quy dinh ve sir da dau vun vat, su ki6m tra, su cham soc, hirang dan qua chi tiet cua nguai lan ve mpi ITnh vuc co lien quan den cac em Nhu cau ty lap a hgc sinh THCS xuat hien vol cuang dp manh da thuc day cac em hanh dpng nham thoa man no Thong qua cac hanh dpng cu the ma cac em co the ty nhan thuc dupe minh la chu the hoal dpng, la nguoi tu to chuc, dinh huong va kiem tra qua trinh boat dgng theo huong phii hpp voi nhan thuc va thai ciia ban than de dat duac muc tieu cua chinh minh Khi nhu cau tu lap hpc sinh THCS khong dupe thoa man se xuat hien Irang thai cang thang, xuc cam am tinh hoac cac em ty dua nhung quyel dinh mgt each thai qua cho nhirng viec lam cua minh ma khong phu thuoc vao nhung quy dinh cha me hay xa hoi dai thi luc do, cac em se hinh tinh buong binh, uong nganh, co chap hay co nhCrng hanh vi lech chuan khac va phu dinh mpi quy tac sinh hoal nep song cua gia dinh va xa hoi Xuat phat tir co so Iren, chung toi tien hanh nghien cuu lam ro each Ihirc thoa man nhu cau tu lap ciia hgc sinh THCS \'a moi luong quan ciia no vai hanh dgng ly lap ciia cac cm Tren ca so chi dupe cac bien phap nham han che nhung hanh vi co tinh tieu cue a hgc sinh vice tim kiem su thoa man nhu cau nay, dong thai thuc day hinh ihanh nhung hanh vi ty lap theo huong lich cue doi vai sy hinh va phat trien nhan each ciia hpc sinh TI ICS Khach the va phuong phap nghien cuu De lam ro cac cau hoi nghien cu'u, chiing toi lien hanh khao sal 150 hpc sinh THCS tir lap den lap ciia truong THCS a tinh Bac Giang (Truang THCS QuC: Nham Truang THCS My Dp) Cac phuang phap dupe sir dung nghien cim la: quan sat, phong van sau dieu tra bang bang hoi va thong ke toan hgc, dieu tra bang bang hoi la phuong phap nghien ciru chinh Bang hoi dugc xay dyng gom 25 menh dc va dupe danh gia theo thang mirc tii !a khong dctng y d6n la hoan loan dong y So lieu thu duoc sau khao sal thyc tien dugc xir ly bang chuong trinh thong ke SPSS diing (rong moi truimg Window, phien ban 13 TAPCHITAMLYHOC, So (218) - 20! Kit qua nghien ciru Kit qua nghien cim cho thay, nhu cSu tu lap la nhu cSu tich cue ciia lira tuoi hgc sinh THCS thi hien mong mudn dugc tu quyit djnh, tu chju trach nhiem cho nhimg viec lam cua ban than Khi nhiing cliuan muc hanh vi ma cha me ludn bit cac em phai tuan theo tir trude (khi eac em cdn nhd) da trd rao can thi viec tu minh dugc hanh ddng theo y mudn, y thich se trd ddi tugng cua nhu cSu tit lap d hgc sinh THCS Cac em ludn tim each chung minh minh da Idn hanh ddng thuc tien Nhu chu tu lap xuSt hien vdi cudng manh, thiic day cac em hoat ddng nhim thda man no Do dd, hanh ddng tu lap cua hgc sinh chinh la phuang thiic thda man nhu ciu tu lap d cac em Cu the, sinh boat, hgc tap va mdi quan he vdi ban be, hgc sinh sinh hanh vi, hanh dgng vdi tu each la phugng thiic thda man nhu cau tu lap nhu the hien hanh vi dugc ndi, dugc lam, dugc tu quyet dinh, dugc tu lua chgn theo each rieng cua ban than ma khdng phu thudc vao ngudi khac Bing nhung hanh ddng tu lap, hgc sinh cd gSng thi hien su nSng dgng, tu tin de khang dinh ban than va khing dinh su trudng trude mgi ngudi 3.1 Cdch thuc thda man nhu cau tu lap eda hoc sinh THCS sinh hogt hdng ngdy Nhd su phat triin ciia kha nang tu y thiic, nhat la cam giac ve sir trudng da khiin cho hgc sinh THCS mong mudn dugc khang dinh ban than, khing dinh ro vai trd va vi the quan trgng ciia minh qua viec thuc hien cac cdng viec gia dinh Bdng 1: Cdch thirc thda mdn nhu cdu tu lap ciia hoc sinh THCS sinh hogt lidng ngdy DTB DLC Hm tu giup bo me lam nhirng cong viec ma ngLrailon thiroTig lam 2,54 0.74 Hm tir iam mot so cong viec nha 3,33 0.78 Khi bo me khong co a nha, em tir tiep khach thav bo me 2.17 0.89 Em tu quyet dinh lam mot so cong viec CO hen quan deu em 2.81 0.94 F.m tu thiet ke cho minh mot kiiong gian rieng nha dc khong can tliicp 2.14 1,09 Hm tu thiet ke cho minh lich thai gian bieu cho smh hoat hang ng,av 3.01 1.08 Khi gia dinh co chuyen can ban bac, em tir dua y kien cua minh 1.87 0,96 Em tir sap \ep diing ca nhan cua minh theo > thich 3.32 0.91 2,65 0,92 Noi dung Diem trung binh toan thang 80 TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, So' (218), - 2017 Kk qua hiSn thi tai bang cho thiy, miic dp biiu hien hanh vi tu lap sinh hoat hang dat DTB = 2,65 Di6m trung binh toan thang dao dpng tir 1,87 din 3,33 Trong do, bieu hien ro net nhat la viec cae em da "TV ldm mgt sd cong viec nhd''; ''Tu sap xep diing cd nhdn cua minh theo y thich"; "Tu thiit ki thdi gian bieu cho sinh hoat hdng ngdy" Diem trung binh ciia eac bidu hien deu a miic kha cao (DTB > 3,0), cho thay mpt thue trang la, hau bet hpc sinh THCS deu co the dam nhiem dupe mpt so cong viec gia dinh va da tich cue ty lam nhung cong viec phuc vu cho ban than cung nhu ty len ke hoach thai gian lam viec cho minh ma khong phu thupc vao nguai lan Miic dp tu lap eiia hpc sinh THCS eon dupe the hien thong qua viec "Tu quyet dinh ldm mat so cong viec cd lien quan den cdc em"; "Tu giup bd me ldm nhU-ng cdng viec md ngudi Idn thudng ldm" Diem trung binh ciia cac bieu hien mac du a miic trung binh nhung deu tren miic diem trung vi (DTB > 2,5) Vdi thuc trang tren co the thay, hpc sinh da chu dpng thyc hien mgt so cong viec ciia minh, da co the ty quyet djnh hinh Ihiic, npi dung va each thirc to chiic nhung cong viec Day chinh la sy the hien tirng buac kha nang tu lap cua liia tuoi Dong thdi qua nhirng cong viec cac em dan tich luy dupe kinh nghiem de tham gia vao nhieu hoat dpng khac nhu mpt ngudi Idn Chinh thong qua cac hanh dgng cu the ma hgc sinh THCS lam gia dinh, cae em cd the ty nhan thiic dupe minh la chit the hoat dgng, la ngudi to chiic, djnh hudng va kiem tra qua trinh hoat dpng theo hudng phii hop vdi nhan thtic va thai ciia ban than de dat dupe muc tieu ciia chinh minh Tuy nhien, co the thay, miic thuc hien cong viec nhu: "Tudua ray kien cua minh gia dinh cd chuyen cdn bdn bac" (DTB = 1,87) vdi tan so thyc hien d miic "'thudng xuyen" chiem 28,9yo; ''tuang doi thudng xuyen" la 12,1%; "thinh thoang" la 51,0%; "chua bao gid" la 14,1% eho thay, cac em hiem dupe ban bac vdi bd me ve nhimg viec chung ciia gia dinh, vay, mirc dp chii dpng hanh dgng ciia hoc sinh THCS noi chung la thap Ly cd the ia eac em chua ty tin de dua y kien cua minh vdi cha me de thay doi each iing xir cua cha me vdi minh; Hoac cung cd the la truyen thong gia dinh lir trude tdi nay, mgi cong viec gia dinh ke ca nhirng cdng viec co lien quan den cac em ciing deu cac bac cha me quyet dinh, khdng cho phep cai can thiep vao Chinh vi ly ma hgc sinh THCS chua dam the hien y kien ciia minh Hoac la vi \ kien ciia cac em chua bao gid dugc thira nhan nen tan suat cac em tham gia ban bac the hien y kien ciia minh vdi ngudi kVn chicm ly le rat thap Chimg toi khong nhan thay co sy khac biet c6 y nghia thdng ke tren loan thang hanh vi nhu cau ly lap Irong sinh boat hang giira dp ludi, gidi linh hoc lye ciia hpc sinh THCS ciing nhu ngha nghiep cua cha me cac cm TAPCHITAMLYHOC, Sd (218), 5-2017 Tuy nhien, xem xet tirng biSu hien cu thi thi chiing tdi nhan thiy cd su khac biet d mgt so bieu hien sau: Cd su khac biet ro ret giira hgc sinh ndng thdn va hgc sinh phd frong thuc hien mgt sd hanh vi, chang ban hoc sinh ndng thdn thuc hien tdt hon hgc sinh phd d hanh vi "Giup bd me ldm nhiing cong viec md ngudi lan thudng ldm" (DTB hgc sinh ndng thdn = 2,69 so vdi DTB hgc sinh phd = 2,38; p < 0,05) va hanh vi "TV quyet dinh ldm mgt sd cdng viec cd lien quan den em" (DTB hpc sinh ndng thdn = 3,10 so vdi DTB hgc sinh phd = 2,51; p < 0,05) Biiu cd th^ ly giai bdi nhieu ly khac nhau, dd cd ly lien quan den each thirc giao due ciia cha me Hgc sinh phd thuimg dugc cha me chieu chuong, cham sdc va lam thay cac em tit nhiing viec nhd nhat Cdn vdi hgc sinh ndng thdn, cha me chu yeu lam nghe ndng, cac em da dugc cha me giao viec giup dd viec nha tir cdn nhd cho nen hanh dgng tir giac lam viec nha ddi vdi cac em dudng nhu trd thdi quen Hien nay, cd kha nhieu tre em d eac vimg dd thi hoac mgt sd gia dinh kha gia thieu hut nhiing ky nang sdng co ban va can thiet, tham chi ca cdng viec tu phuc vu ban than hay nhiing cdng viec nha dan gian ma dang nhe d lira tudi phai biet lam Dieu iinh hucmg rat nhieu den sir khang dinh "cai tdi" tu lap cua cac em Hudng dan, khuyen khieh va tao dieu kien de cac em tich cue tham gia vao cac cdng viec gia dinh la vice lam can thiet eda cac bac phu huynh Nhu vay, ket qua nghien ciru cho thay, hgc sinh THCS da phan nao tu giac tham gia vao mgt sd boat dgng nhu lam cdng viec nha va cac cdng viec phuc vu ban than Dieu giup cac em khang dinh dugc vai trd va vj tri cua minh gia dinh, the hien dugc tinh tu lap va the hien dugc "cai tdi" ciia ban than Tuy nhien, viec tu thuc hien cac cdng viec gia dinh cdn rat han che va d mirc dd thuimg xuyen chua cao, chi tap ining vao mgt sd cdng vice nhat dinh 3.2 Cdch thirc thda mdn nhu cdu lu lap cua hgc sinh THCS Irong hgc tap Hoat dgng hgc tap la hoal dgng chii dao cua lira ludi hgc sinh, vay nd cd linh hudng quan trgng den viec td chirc qua trinh tu hgc ctia cac em: ddc lap linh hdi tri thirc, tim toi doc them sach tham khao, tai lieu bo ich., dl bd trg cho vice hgc tap ciia minh Diiy chinh la ly khien cho mirc bifiu hien hanh vi tu lap cua hgc sinh THCS hgc tap d mirc kha (DTB = 2,79), cao hon muc bieu hien hanh vi tir lap sinh hoal hang Ciing hoal dgng hgc lap la hoat ddng chii dao cua lira ludi hoc sinh THCS cac cm ciing chung mgi hoat dgng hgc tap va ciing chung nhiem vu lu cho nen chiing tdi khdng nhan thiy cd su khac biet cd y nghTa ihong ke 82 TAPCHITAM LVHOC, Sd (218), - giua dd tudi, gidi tinh ciing nhu nai d cua hgc sinh THCS Tuy nhien, xem xet timg bidu Men cu thi, chiing tdi nhan thSy cd su khac biet cd y nghia thdng ke h-ong mgt sd bieu hien: "Tu di cdch hgc nhanh nhdt de dat dugc hieu qud" thi hgc sinh nam dat kdt qua thip ban hgc sinh nir (DTB nam = 2,59 < DTB nO = 3,12; p < 0,001) va hgc sinh gidi dat k6t qua cao hom hgc sinh kha, teung binh va yeu (DTB lan lugt la 3,14; 3,13; 2,64; p < 0,01) Hgc sinh phd cOng bia each truy cap internet dd tim kiem thdng tin phuc vu hgc tap tdt hon hgc sinh ndng thdn (DTB la 2,45 va 1,73; p < 0,001) Nguyen nhan la d phd, cac em hgc sinh cd dieu kien cap nhat thdng tin hon va cd dieu kien tiep xuc vdi internet nhidu ban Ngugc lai, d ndng thdn, kinh te cdn han hep, chua ed dieu kien bang phd nen cac em hgc sinh cd phan thiet thdi hon, su chu ddng hanh ddng tim kidm thdng tin tren mang thap hon d phd Bdng 2: Cdch thuc thda mdn nhu cdu tu lap cua hgc sinh THCS hgc tap BTB BLC Em tu thuc hien nhiem vu hoc tap khong can ngirai Ion nhac nho Noi dung 3,19 0,85 Em tir kham pha dirge nhung dieu ma em chua biet qua cac tai lieu va cac nguon thong tin khac 2,84 0,88 Em tir tim each giai quyet nhiem vu hgc tap va khong bi dao dgng boi cac y kien xung quanh 2,70 0,89 Khi gap van de vugt qua kha nang, em tir dgng tim hoi thay co, bo me hoac ban be gioi hon minh 2,94 0,95 Em tu chgn nhtjng mon hoc ma em thay co y nghTa vgi nhung ITnh vuc ma em quan tam 2,84 0,96 Em tir chgn diroc nhung tai lieu CO ich ma em thay can thiet cho viec hoc tap 2,83 0,89 Em tu de cho minh each hoc nhanh nhat de dat duoc ket qua cao 2,95 0,96 Em tu truy cap mang internet de tim kiem thong tin phuc vu cho viec hgc tap 2,09 1,12 Diem trung binh toan thang 2,79 0,93 3.3 Cdch Ihirc thoa man nhu cdu lu lap cua hgc sinh THCS Irong mdi ifuan he vdi ban be Ban be chinh la ddi tucmg de cac em thda man nhu cau ar lap, bdi vi ban be la nhirng ngudi cac em de the hien minh, dl bay td va khdng bi ngan c i n hay bj phan doi %icc the hien linh ngudi Idn ciia minh Ngugc lai, vdi mong mudn ciia TAP CHi TAM l y HOC, Sd (218), - 2017 83 cac em, nhieu eac bac cha me lai coi nhu ciu tu lap cua cac em nhu nidt su chdng ddi va tir bd nhiing ddi hdi hay quy dinh cua cha me Do vay, ket qua nghien ciru ciia chung tdi cho thiy, mac dii mite biiu hien ciia nhu cau tu lap mdi quan he vdi ban be dat mire kha cao (DTB = 3,18) nhimg phuong thirc thda man nhu cau tu lap cua hgc sinh THCS mdi quan he vdi ban be chi dat mure Uung bmh, dudi miic diim tarng gian (DTB = 2,27) Diiu chirng td, moi quan he vdi ban be, hgc sinh THCS da nhan thurc dugc gia tri ciia tinh ban va cd nhu ciu mudn dugc tu ket ban theo nhiing chuan muc va tieu chi rieng ciia mmh Tuy nhien, cac em cung y thirc dugc quyen tu quyet dinh mdi quan he ban be va td than trgng su dung quyen ciia minh Cac ern >' thirc dugc quyin duge phep va khdng dugc phep, vay, nhiing hanh ddng nham thda man nhu ciu tu lap mdi quan he vdi ban be cua hgc sinh chi dat miic diim trung binh (DTB < 0,25) Bdng 3: Cdch thirc thda mdn nhu cdu tu Idp eda hgc sinh mdi quan he vdi ban be Noi dung DTB Em tu quyet dinh chon ban choi cho minh 0.77 0,95 Em tu quyet dinh chai vai ban khac giai mac dit bo me ngan cam 1,58 0.86 Em tir the hien y tuang cac cuoc sinh hoat giao luu ciing ban be 2.52 0.92 Em tu quyet dinh su dung dien thoai nha lam phuong tien lien lac voi ban be vi cho rang minh co quyen lam dieu 1.79 0.91 Em tu quyet dinh thoi gian di choi voi ban be 1.95 0.88 Em In chon cacli thiic an mac cac cuoc giao liru vai ban be 2,66 0.99 Em tu cho phep minh moi va tiep ban be niinh a nha 2.16 0.87 Em tu dua y kien rieng cac cupc tranh luan vtji ban be 2.81 0.90 Em tu quyet dinh di inua siiin mgt so dimg ca nhiin cung \6i ban be chii khong phai \ai ho mc 2.22 1.03 2.27 0.92 niem trnng binh toan thang BLC Dac biet hanh vi tu lap Irong moi quan he vdi ban be ciia hpc sinh THCS Id rat re rat va than trpng cac em thyc hien nhirng hanh dgng nhu: "Tu qm'el dinh di miia sdm cimg vdi ban be chir khong phdi vdi bo me" (DTi3 ^ 2,22) "Tu cho phep mdi va tiep ban d nhd'^ (D'lB = 2.16) Co le cac em to c ngai bd me \"a y Ihuc dugc \'iec minh chua dugc phep lam nhirng N iOc nhir minh mong muon cho nen \icc thyc hien hanh \i ly lap chi dai d mirc dicm truna TAPCHITAMLVHOC, Sd5 (21 S K ^-2()l7 binh, dirdi miic diim trung vi Nhiing hanh vi nhu: 'TM- quyit dinh thdi gian di choi vdi ban be" (DTB = 1,95); 'Tw- qiiyit dinh sit dung di^n thogr (DTB = 1,79); "TV quyit dinh choi vdi ban khdc gi&r (DTB = 1,58) ddu d miic diim rdt thap, dudi mirc diim trung binh cho thdy hanh dpng khong thuang xuyen dupe hpe sinh THCS thyc hidn Chung toi nhan thiy cd su khac biet cd y nghia thdng ke biiu hien "Tu quyit dinh choi vdi ban khdc gidi mac du bo me ngan cdm" giua hpc sinh nam va hpc sinh nir Hpc sinh nam (DTB ^ 1,78) chii dpng thyc hien hanh dpng ban hpc sinh nii (DTB = 1,47) vdi p < 0,04 Mae dii ed sy khac biet cd y nghia nhung miic dp bleu hien hanh vi cua ca hpc sinh nam va nii deu d miic dudi diem trung binh Dieu eho thay, mac dii nam thudng chii ddng ban nii viec quyet dinh chai vdi ban khac gidi, quyet dinh lam mac dii bd me ngan cam nhung ca gidi deu y thiic dupe viec khdng dupe phep lam cho nen chi mpt bp phan rat nhd hpc sinh bieu hien hanh vi Cd sy khac biet giiia hpe sinh ndng thdn va hpc sinh phd bieu hien "Tu quyet dinh chgn ban chai cho minh" (DTB hpc sinh ndng thdn < DTB hpc sinh pho; 2,55 so vdi 3,00; p < 0,001) Dieu eho thay, hpc sinh phd da the hien nhiing dieu ma ban than thich hoac cho la diing cho dii cha me phan ddi nhieu ban hpc sinh ndng thon Moi tu'cng quan giira nhu cau ty lap va each thirc thoa man nhu cau tir lap cua hoc sinh THCS Bdng 4: Tucmg quan nhu cdu tu lap vd cdch thuc thoa man tu lap ciia hoc sinh THCS Hanh dong tir lap sinh hoat Nhu cau tu lap irong sinh hoal Nhu cau tir lap hgc tap Nhu cau tu lap moi quan he ban be He so tuong quan Miic y nghTa He so tuong quan Hanh dong tij lap hoc tap Hanh dong tir lap quan he vffi ban be 0,510** 0,000 Muc y nehta He so luong quan Mirc y nghTa TAP CHl TAM LV HOC, SO (218), - 2017 0,280** 0,001 0.477** 0,000 85 Nhin vao kit qua hien thj a bang cho thSy: nhu c4u tu lap co moi tuong quan ty le thuan vod each thiic thoa man nhu cau tu lap cua hoc sinh THCS Nghia la, hpc sinh THCS co bi6u hien nhu cSu tu lap cao cac ITnh vuc nhu sinh hoat hang ngay, hgc tSp va moi quan he vdi ban be cang cao thi xu huong hanh dong nham dap iing nhirng nhu cSu tren cang cao va ngugc lai, hoc sinh THCS co bi^u hien nhu eSu tu lap thjp a cac khia canh neu tren thi xu hucmg hanh dong nham dap ling nhu cau cung giam Bieu hien ro net nhSt la, hgc sinh co bieu hien nhu cau tit lap cao sinh hoat hang thi xu huong hanh dong tu lap ITnh vuc sinh hoat ciing cao (r = 0,510**; p < 0,001) va nhung hoc sinh co nhu cku tir lap cao quan he voi ban be thi cOng eo xu hirong hanh dgng tu lap cao nham thoa man nhu cau m6i quan he ban be (r = 0,477**; p < 0,001); hgc tap nhiJng hgc sinh nao co bi^u hien nhu cku tir lap cao thi xu huong hanh dgng tu lap cung cao (r-= 0,280**; p < 0,001) Khi nghien ciiu moi tuong quan giOa nhu cau tu lap voi hanh dgng ty lap ciia hpc sinh THCS tuong quan o miic dp nao timg ITnh vuc cu the, chiing toi chia hanh dpng tu lap cua hpc sinh THCS lam miic dg: thdp, trung binh va cao Ket qua nghien ciiu thuc tien cho thay, nhu cau tu lap co tuong quan voi hanh dpng tu lap cac miic dp khac Cu the la, nhirng hgc sinh THCS co nhu cau tu lap cao thi xu hucmg hanh dpng nham dap iing nhu cau cang cao va nguoc lai, nhiing hpc sinh co nhu cau tir lap thap hoac o mirc trung binh thi xu huong hanh dpng nham dap img nhu cau tu lap cung chi o mirc thap hoac trung binh Ket luan Ket qua nghien ciru cho thay, nhu cau tu lap cua hpc sinh THCS biiu hien cr mirc dp cao do: nhu cau tu lap moi quan he vcri ban be hiiu hien ro net nhat tiep den la nhu cau tu lap hpc tap va cu6i ciing la nhu cau tu lap sinh hoat hang Tu\ nhien mirc dp hiiu hien hanh vi nham thoa man nhu cau tu lap ciia hpc sinh dat o mirc thap hon so \ai nhu cju tu lap Nguyen nhan chii quan la sir phai trien tam sinh K' cila hpc sinh IHCS chua tucmg xirng voi sir truong \c mat xa hoi va nguyen nhan khiich quan la each thirc irng xir cua nguoi Ion d6i voi tre ct lira tu6i Ket qua nghien ciru cung cho thay co moi tucmg quan l> le thuan giira bi^u hien nhu cau tir lap \-cti hanh dpng nham thoa man nhu cau Ur lap ciia hpc sinh co nghTa la hpc sinh co bieu hien nhu cau tu lap cao thi xu hucmg hanh dpng nhjm dap img nhimg nhu cau tren cang cao vk ngupc lai hpc sinh co bieu hien nhu cm ur lap thap ihi \u huong hanh dpng nham dap irng nhu cau tu lap cung giam 86 TAPCHiTAMLyHOC, So ( l | , - i Tir kit qua nghi&i ciru tren, chiing toi nhan thay, can hinh thai dp diing djn d6i voi xu huong tu lap, tranh thai dp coi nhe kha nang tu lap or hgc sinh THCS Nen tao nhifiu co h6i cho cac em tham gia vao cac hoat dgng xa hoi, trao quyIn t6 chiic, thyc hiSn va gan trach nhiem cho cac em vao viec giai quyet eac tinh hu6ng do; Tao bau khong gan gui de biet cac em nghT gi, lam gi di kip thoi djnh huong te nhj; Khong nen che bai ma tao eho cac em sy ty tin lam chu hanh dgng; Khen thudng, thira nhan nhiing hanh vi tich eye va nhihig cong viec ma cac em da hoan Cha me cung can chu y den anh huong ciia ban be doi voi cai minh; Khuyen khieh nhirng moi quan he tich cue dac biet la moi quan he voi ban be tot, khuyen khieh cai ket ban vdi nhttng ngudi thi hien tinh tu lap ro ret hgc tap va cupc song Cha me khong nen ap dat thyc hien theo y muon ciia minh, tao dieu kien de cai dupe ty chu cac cong viec va cac moi quan he khac nhau; Cho cai biet cac nguyen tac cua cha me va thao luan vdi ve nhung nguyen tac dd; De nhiem vu ma cac em cd the trp giup hoac tham gia vao giiip bo me hoan cdng viec, co nghTa la cho phep trai qua qua trinh "ciing hanh dpng" va cho phep dupe dua quyet dinh dudi su ho trg va cd chi dan cua cha me mpt each kheo leo de dugc lam chii nhiem vu va se cd nhung lya chon thong minh va biet suy xet ve hanh vi cua minh Tai lieu tham khao I.X Con, Tdm ly hoc nien, NXB Tre H6 Chi Minh, 1987 Trdn Thi C4m, Tdm ly tre vd Gido due gia dinh, NXB Phu nir, 2005 A.V Petrovski, Tdm ly hoc lira ludi vd Tdm iy hgc supham (tap I, tap 2), NXB Giao due, 1982 Le Van Hong (Chii bien), Le Ngpc Lam, Tdm ly hoc lira tudi vd Tdm iy hoc su pham, NXB Giao due, 2000 TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, Sd' (218), - 2017 87 ... cua hoc sinh THCS Bdng 4: Tucmg quan nhu cdu tu lap vd cdch thuc thoa man tu lap ciia hoc sinh THCS Hanh dong tir lap sinh hoat Nhu cau tu lap irong sinh hoal Nhu cau tir lap hgc tap Nhu cau... cho thSy: nhu c4u tu lap co moi tuong quan ty le thuan vod each thiic thoa man nhu cau tu lap cua hoc sinh THCS Nghia la, hpc sinh THCS co bi6u hien nhu cSu tu lap cao cac ITnh vuc nhu sinh hoat... net nhSt la, hgc sinh co bieu hien nhu cau tit lap cao sinh hoat hang thi xu huong hanh dong tu lap ITnh vuc sinh hoat ciing cao (r = 0,510**; p < 0,001) va nhung hoc sinh co nhu cku tir lap cao
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