hích nghi thang đo lo âu thi cử TAS và TAI trên mẫu sinh viên đại học

THICH NGHI THANG OO LO AU THI cd TAS VA TAI TREN M A U SINH VIEN DAI HOC GS Renlai Zhou Trudng Bgi hgc Nam Kinh, Trung Qudc TS Nguyen Thj Nhan Ai Trudng Bai hgc Supham Hd Ngi Quach Thi Phuong Thao TOM T A T Nghien ciiu dugc tien hdnh trin 324 sinh vien tir ndm thd nhdt den ndm thii tu, trongdd, nam chiim 27,614} vdnd chiim 72,4% Bdng hai phuang phdp ddnh gid dp tin cdy (dp tin cdy Alpha cua Cronbaeh, Bp tin cdy kiim tra - tdi kiem tra) vd Bg hiiu luc dong thdi, kit qud cho thdy, cdc thang cd tin cay Alpha eia Cronbaeh khd cao (TAS = 0,836 vd TAI = 0934); p < 0,001 vd dn dinh (Bg tin cdy kiim tra - tdi kiim tra ciia TAS = 0,816 vd TAI = 0,881; p < 0,001) Phdn tich dp hieu luc ddng thdi cho th trgng thdi lo du; trdm cdm vd Ig du thi cu cd tuang quan thudn vdi nhau, khdeh the eg miic Ig du thi cu cao cd khd ndng ddn den trgng thdi lo du ldm sdng Ttr khoa: Lo du thi cir; TAS; TAI Ngdy nhdn bdi; 11/1/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi; 25/3/2019 Dat van de Lo au ludn la mot vin di thu hiit nhiiu sir quan tam eua xa hdi Trong dd, lo au thi eii (test anxiety) la mdt dang lo au hon hop, dac hieu, vdi nguyen nhan sir kit hop giua nhan thuc ciia ca nhan, dac tinh nhan each va eac nguyen nhan khae, din din viee ea nhan eoi thi cu (kiim tra) nhu mdt kich thich gay nguy bai cho ban than, tu dd din din lo au qua mire (ve mat tam ly) va bieu hien bing sir ne tranh (hanh vi) Mdt sd tae gia cho rang, lo au thi eti cd tinh dn djnh cung nhu tinh hoan eanh (Ling Wenlun, 1988; Song Fei va Zhang Jianxin, 2008; Peng Jiaxin, Yang Qiwei va Luo Yuejia, 2013; Li Wenting, 2010; Wang Caikang, 2003; Yuan Fei, Li Zuoshan, Yang Yulu va Mou Yao, 2018) TAP C H I T A M LY HOC, S d (241), - 2019 Tren thi gidi, lo au thi cir tir lau da nhan dugc nhiiu sir quan tani cua eac nha tam ly hpc Rit nhiiu nghien ciru chi ring: lo au thi cir khdng nhung anh hudng nghiem trpng din tich thi cu ciia hpe sinh ma cdn anh hiiOTg din sire khde (tam - sinh ly) cua ca nhan Vi du: Nhung ca nhan cd mile lo au thi cu cao va lau dai cd ty le mic tram cam cao ban ngudi binh thudng (Shi Yongmou va cdng sir, 2017; Zheng Xifu va Gao Hongzhang, 2003; Zheng Xifu, Xu Jinmin va Xiao Xing, 2006), gay nhiing khiim khuyit qua trinh nhan thirc, nhu qua trinh chu y, lie chi nhan thite hoac tri nhd (Liu Ying, Zhang Wenjuan, Zhou Ren Lai, 2015; Zhou Ren Lai, 2014; Zhang Xiaocong, Zou Jilin, Ring, Dong Yunying, Zhou Ren Lai, 2015; Zhang Ring, 2017; Lin Hui Bin, 2010; Dong Yunying, 2016; Guo Wei, Zhou Jilin, 2012; Chen Rui, 2011; Huo Meng, 2011; Huo Meng, 2012) Vi vay, nam 1978, nha tam ly hgc lam sang Trudng Dai hpc Yale G Sarason hoan thien thang Lo au TAS (test anxiety scale) tir thang Lo au TAQ (test anxiety questionnaire) ma trudc dd dng ciing cdng su Georger Mandler da thuc hien (G Sarason, 1975) Sau dd, thang dugc Wang Caikang (1999) thich irng tren nen van hda Trung Qudc (Wang Caikang, 2003) Thang duge sir dling mdt each phd bien va dugc coi la mpt thang cd tinh hieu lire va dp tin cay cap, ed the thich ting nhieu nin van hda (Zhou Renlai va Huang Qiong, 2015; Song Fei va Zhang Jianxin, 2008) TAS khdng ed phin nhan td ro rang va cd mpt thdi gian dai dugc gidi nghien ciru mac dinh la thang dp mpt nhan td, chu yeu cac dae tinh nhan each (cd sir dn djnh lau dai) cua khach thi ed lo au thi cii Ngay sau sir ddi cua TAS, nam 1980, Spielberger eiing thiit ki mpt thang Lo au thi cir cd ten TAI (test anxiety inventory) va nam 1985 dupe Wenlun Ling thich img tren nin van hda Trung Qude (Wenlun Ling, 1984, 1988) Khae vdi TAS, TAI cd hai nhan to rd rang dua tren ly thuyit nhi nguyeii luan cua Spielberger, dd la (1) nhan td lo au (worry): xuit phat tir su itanh gia va du doan eua ban than khach thi ddi vdi tinh eanh thi eu (kiim tra) sip tdi phan ciia nd chil yeu la qua trinh tam ly, nhan thirc va (2) nhan td xuc cam (emotionality) dugc hieu la nhung phan img cua eo thi di kem vdi nhan td lo au, bao gom cang thang, tim dap nhanh, md hdi hoiic su hdn loan ciia be than kinh thuc vat, v.v • _ Ca hai thang dugc gidi nghien cim tren thi gidi biit din va s.i H„n„ tren nhieu nen van hda tinh dl thich ung va dd hieu luc cao Ben eanh ,< ? hat thang ma chung tdi thich irng la thang da duoc thich urnj j j u'^" dsng khach the (hgc sinh, sinh vien, hgc vien cao hoc) d nhiiu viin„ " dat nude Trang Qudc (Quang Chau, Bic Kinh, Nam'Kinh, Hd Bic )^'™ " ^ bao cao vdi dp tin cay cao va dugc sit dung phd biin (Yu Liang Ch 14 TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd ( l u ~ ~ ~ Zhang Xiaocong va Zhou Renlai, 2011; Historical Warfare va cdng sir, 2014; Zhou Renlai va Huang Qiong, 2015; Zhang Huan, 2017; Dong Yunying, Zhou Renlai, Gao Xin, Jiao Feng va Guo Wei, 2011; Yuan Fei va edng sir, 2018; Huang Qiong va Zhou Renlai, 2018) Cae nghien ciiu dich te d Viet Nam cho thiy, khoang 18% - 25% ty le hpe sinh, sinh vien cd rdi loan lo au tiiy tirng nghien eiru va khach thi (Luu Quang Hung, 2017; Dd Van Doat, 2018; Nguyin Thanh Huang, 2010; Nguyin Cdng Khanh, 2017; Le Minh Thuan, 2011) Tuy nhien, ed mpt vin di chung ma nhieu nghien ciiu thdng nhat, dd la ty le lo au hpc dudng d Viet Nam dang cd chieu hudng gia tang va chinh ap lue ve hpe tap cung nhu sii thiiu quan tam eiia gia dinh lai anh hudng sau sac den hanh vi tu hiiy hoai eiia hpc sinh (Tsan Dung Nhanh va cdng sii, 2018) Theo Tran Thanh Nam (2015): "hiu hit cac nghien ctiu d Viet Nam mdi chi tap trung xac djnh ty le djeh te rdi loan lo au hay eae yeu td/nguyen nhan din den lo au d tre dp tudi hpe dudng ma chua chu y den cac dang thirc lo au d hpe sinh, eiing nhu he luy ciia nhiing dang lo au nay" Nghien eim eung ehi lo au ve cac tinh hudng kiem tra cung la nguyen nhan hang dau dan den lo au d tre (Nguyen Ba Phu va Nguyen Van Bac, 2018; Tran Thanh Nam, 2015; Mohd-Zaharim va cdng sir, 2011; Nguyen TThj Van, 2017) Qua dd, cd the thay rang, d Viet Nam, mdt bd phan sinh vien va hpc sinh THPT ed nhung trieu ehiing lam sang eua Ip au thi eii (Nguyin Ba Dat, 2001; Nguyin Ba Dat va Nguyin Huu Thu, 2009; Dd Van Doat, 2018; Le Minh Nguyet, Ngo Thi Hanh, Nguyen Phuong Linh, 2018; Le Thi Duyen, Bill Thi Thanh Dieu, 2018; Nguyen Thj Van, 2017) Tuy nhien, cd rat it nghien eilu ve lo au thi ctr va cung chua cd edng eu, thang ehinh thiic dugc thich img d Viet Nam Vay, nham cung cap mdt thang chuyen biet cho lo au thi eii ed dp hieu lue eao eho nhung nghien ciiu sau nay, chiing tdi bude dau thieh nghi thang thi eii tren khach the sinh vien cua mdt sd trudng dai hpe mien Bac Viet Nam De thuan tien eho nhQng nghien eiru sau nay, dudi day la ket qua thich Qng hai thang tu hai gde dp khae nhau: IP au thi eii dua tren co sd nhan each, cd tinh nang sang Ipe TAS (test anxiety scale) va lo au tbi cii - TAI (test anxiety inventory) dugc thiit ki chuyen biet vdi tinh hoan eanh cila lo au thi cii Do sir gin gOi ve van hda va tinh dn dinh, dp hieu lire cao mdi trudng Trung Qude, ehiing tdi quyit djnh ea hai thang deu dupe thich ung tu ngdn ngu thii hai la tieng Trung Phtrtrng phap nghien cuu 2.1 Khdeh the nghien cdu Miu nghien eiiu la sinh vien dai hpe (Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ha Ndi I, Dai hpe Cdng nghiep Ha Ndi, Trudng Dai hpe Y Hai Duong) tren ea sd tu TAPCHiTAM LYHOC, Sd4 (241), - 2019' 15 nguyen tham gia Thdi gian tiin banh dupe phan lam hai giai doan (trudc thi va sau thi): Giai doan 1: bit diu tir thang din thang nam 2018 - trudc dien ky thi eudi ky ciia cac trudng, chung tdi phat 461 phieu hdi, co phiiu dam bao diy dii thdng tin, chiem 70%, Giai doan 2: tir thang niim 2018, di kiim tra dp dn dinh ciia thang theo thdi gian, chiing tdi tiip tue phat cho ciing nhdm khach the (sinh vien Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ha Ndi) 172 phiiu bang bdi, dd 129 phieu hop le, chiem 75% Vay, tdng cpng nghien cuu cd 633 phiiu, dd cd 453 phieu hgp le, chiim 71,5%; dd cd 125 nam, 328 nu, dp tudi tir 18 - 26, tu nam nhat den nam thu tu Sau phan tich, kit qua cho thiy phan phdi diim cila hai thang thudc nhdm phan phdi chuin (TAS cd DTB = 19,48; DLC = 20,00; dp xien = -0,016; TAI cd DTB = 40,72; DLC = 40,00; dp xien = 0,522) 2.2 Cong eu ludng 2.2.1 TAS TAS (test anxiety scale) gdc la mpt bang hdi tu khai, bao gdm 37 eau hdi, dd cd menh de (item) ed ndi dung nghjeh dao, yeu eau khach the tra loi dung/sal (phu hpp/khdng phii hgp) dua tren trai nghiem cila chinh minh Theo nghien eiiu gde eua Sarason, thang danh eho khach the tren 15 tudi, chi cd mgt mien nhat, dd la lo au thi cit, ndi dung la dae tinh nhan each va cd the diing de ehiin doan lo au thi cir cua khach the nghien eiiu, cu the la 12 diem trd xudng biiu hien khdng cd lo au thi cil, 12 - 20 diim biiu hien lo au thi eu d mite trung binh, 20 diim trd len biiu hien lo au miic cao (Sarason, 1975) Cach tinh diim: tra loi khdng phii hop tinh 0, phii hgp tinh diim, tinh tdng bang each cgng diim tit ca cae menh di, trang dd cac menh di nghich dao ap dung each tinh ngugc (phu hgp dugc diim; khdng phii hgp dupe diim) 2.2.2 TAI TAI (test anxiety inventory) gdc la mdt bang hdi tu khai, bao gdm 20 menh de (trong dd cd menh di nghich dao), tren thang diim tu - (hiu nhu khdng, thi thoang, ludn ludn va hiu nhu mpi liic), phan lo au thi cir mien do: nhan td lo au (worry) va nhan td xuc cam (emotionality) Ban gdc de nghi each tinh diim phan lam phin: tdng diim dii r~ thang Lo au, diem tiiu thang Xuc cam Tdng diim tinh bing cach'con rf-^^ cua cac menh de, tdng diim thip nhit la 20 diim, cao nhit la 80 diim: Nh" ^ " 16 TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd (241), , JA lo au gdm cac di mue: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 17 va 20; Nhan td xiie cam gdm cac di muc:2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 18 2.2.3 STAl Trac nghiem Lo au STAI (Speiberger test anxiety inventory) cua tac gia Charles D Speilberger dupe tae gia Nguyin Cdng Khanh thieh nghi d Viet Nam (Nguyen Cdng Khanh, 2017; Nguyin Thj Van, 2017) Ci day chung tdi sti dling ban STAI-Yl va STAI-Y2 dugc thich ling eho khach thi vdi dp tudi tren 15 Bang hdi ehd yeu trang thai lo au (lo au trudc mdt sir kien ma khach thi cho la nguy hiem) Mdi bang bdi gom 20 cau, tren thang diim tii I - (khdng cd, thinh thoang, thudng xuyen va rat thudng xuyen), yeu cau ngudi lam trie nghiem chpn mpt trang thai cam xiie diing nhat vtH minh d thai diim hien tai STAI-Yl va STAI-Y2 deu bao gdm miin do: cam xuc tich cue va cam xiie tiiu cue Trong dd, STAI-YI ed eae eau sd 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, 20 biiu Men cam xilc tich cue, can su dung each tinh diem ngugc (1 - 4, - 3, 2, - 1) Tuang tu, STAI-Y2 cd cae eau: 21, 23, 26, 27, 30, 33, 34, 36, 39 biiu hien cam xiie tieh cue, can sii dung each tinh diem ngugc 2.2.4 BDl-11 Trac nghiem Danh gia lo au tram cam BDI-II (Beck depression inventory) cua Aeron T Beck dupe thich nghi d Viet Nam (Nguyen Cdng Khanh, 2017) Bang hdi danh cho khach the tren 15 tudi, bao gdm 21 eau hdi tren thang diem - , yeu cau ngudi lam trac nghiem chpn mdt cau md ta diing nhat trang thai tam than cua minh thdi diem hoac khoang thdi gian bai tuan gan day Cach tinh diim la edng tat ea diim eiia cac hang miic Tir - diem biiu hien khdng trim cam, - diem biiu hien trim cam nhe, - diim bieu hien tram cam vira, tren 16 diem bieu hien tram cam nang 2.3 Quy trinh thieh nghi - Bude 1: Mdi mpt hpe vien eao hpc Viet Nam, cd HSK6 (ehiing chi nang lue Han ngii cap cao nhat) dang theo hpc tai Kbpa Tam ly hpe ung dung, djeh bang hdi tii tieng Trung sang tieng Viet - Bude 2: Mdi mdt tiin sT Han ngu ngudi Viet Nam dang theo hpe tai Trung Qude djeh tir tieng Viet sang tieng Trung - Bude 3: Mdi chuyen gia la giang vien Khoa tam ly tai Tnrdng D^i hpe Nam Kinh kiim dinh bang hdi (2 ban tiing Trung) Sau thdng nhit ban dich, mdi 23 sinh vien Viet Nam tiin hanh danh gia cau chQ, dam bao cau hdi menh de khdng bj da nghia, de hieu - Bude 4: Tiin hanh thii va phan tich sd lieu sg bd TAPCHiTAM LYHOC, S64 (241), - 2019 - cudi cung: Tiin hanh diiu tra tren dien rdng va xem xet dp tin cay cung nhu dp hieu luc cua thang Bai viit tap trung trinh bay kit qua cua bude cudi eiing 2.4 Phin mim phan tieh dii; lieu Nghien cim sir dung phin mim SPSS 22.0 di phan tich sd lieu nghien cmi Kit qua nghien ciru 3.1 Bp tin eay Do tin cay eua thang duge tinh bing he sd tin cay Alpha cua Cronbaeh (cdn duge gpi la thing nhit ngi bp) He sd ^ Y f ^^^^^"^ dinh ben eua thang do, tra Idi cau hdi eae bien quan «^' " S ' ^ ' * * * ° cimg mdt khai niem hay khdng,, the hien d sir tuong quan * ? ' ehe |iua eac item Kit qua nghien eilu cho thiy: hai thang duac su dung eo dp thong nhat ndi bd tuolig ddi cao (TAS = 0,836; TAI = 0,934), ke ca bai nhan to eua thang TAI cung biiu hien duge sir thdng nhat not bp cao dp (TAI-b ~ 0,8 / , TAI-W = 0,876), tit dd cd thi suy luan rang hai bang hdi IP au thi eu TAS va TAI ed dp tin cay rat tdt Dp tin cay lap lai (test-retest) duge tinh bing each so sanh ket qua eua diim thang tren cung mdt doi tugng hai lan khae ve thdi gian di kiim tra su dn dinh ciia thang Kit qua cho thiy, ca hai thang dupe thieh nghi ed sir dn djnh kha cao theo thdi gian mdi trudng Viet Nam, hrong quan giOa kit qua d hai lin vdi TAS la 0,816 va vdi TAI la 0,881; p < 0,01 3.2 Dp hieu luc 3.2.1 Dd hieu luc yeu to Bdng I: Tieu thdnh to eia thang TAS vd item tuang ting So item I Thai phien chan Noi dung He so trich xuat He so tai Toi thirc sir nghl thi cii that 0,659 phien phirc TAS 25 Toi nghT se tot hon neu huy tat I ca cac ky thi 0,631 0,765 TAS 37 Toi khong thich nhirng thay/c6 I giao hay kigm tra dot xuilt "•5" 0,690 TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, SO' (241), 2019 TAS 17 Tir ti vdi ket qua TAS 10 Phan u-ngca the Thai ky thi TAS 31 TAS 27 TAS 12 Thoi gian thi 0,634 0,369 0,575 0,319 0,483 M6i lan kiem tra, toi thudng nghT ngudi khae thdng minh han toi rat nhieu TAS 34 0,425 TAS Moi lan ki6m tra duac tich tot duong nhu cung khong tang them phan tu tin nao toi Trong ky thi, toi thudng tu hoi; minh CO th6 thuan Igi t6t nghiep khong? TAS 26 0,684 TAS 20 TAS Toi cam th5y rit kho moi 0,497 viet de cuang on thi TAS 23 Mdi trai qua mdt ky thi 0,725 Idn, tdi thudng lo lang d^n ndi dau da day Trudc nhung ky thi Idn, tdi thudng an khdng ngon mieng Trong dn thi, cd vai chd tdi khdng hieu nhung tdi khdng lo lang 0,837 0,64 0,782 0,607 0,769 Tdi that khdng hieu tai mot 0,567 so ngudi lai lo lang nhu the ky thi Thay cd nen biet cd mdt sd ngudi vi io lang thi 0,286 ma lam anh hudng den tich CLia ho 0,727 0,428 Mdi [an thi xong, tdi deu cam thay tdi cd the lam tdt hon 0,635 0,784 Tdi tin rang, toi thi mdt minh ma dugc lu ve thdi gian, tdi chiic chan se thi riit tdt 0,465 0,654 Kit qua phan tich nhan td giiip ehung ta danh gia hai loai gia trj quan trpng etia thang dp la gia tri hpi tu va gia tri phan biet, lam ndi bat len dae diem ciia mau khach thi nghien cQu Tu ket quit phan tieh, cd the thay hai thang Lo au thi eti la TAS va TAI phd hgp de chay phan tich nay, vdi he sd KMO lan lugt la 0,843 va 0,953 Tuy nhien, dp gia tri phan biet eua mpt vai item hai bang hdi la khdng tdt, cd mdt vai item giai thieh eho hai den ba nhan td TAPCHiTAM LYHOC, Sd4 (241), - eung mdt luc Theo Nguyin Mong N g P ^ a Hoang T r ^ g Chu (2008) item eiing luc giai thich cho nhieu phan nhan to th h.?u hc so Idn ban 0,3, niu khdng thi can xda bd Vi vay, chung toi tien hanh _ item mdt tren timg bang hdi mdt Cu thi, phan tich nhan td ban diu tren TAS, kit qua eho thay du trich xuit 12 ih'nh phin giai thich 56% str bien thien eua tap du eu Sa" kh^ tiin hanh loai bd nhQng item cd hieu hg so ta, "ho han 0,3 do, vo nhung duoc tai vi cung nhan td.trd len In so KMO eua TAS bang 0,678, the |P tiin hanh phan tich nhan td; dd cd phan g.ai '".ch 52 ^ ^ ^ " " ^ thien cua tap dO lieu phan cd the hieu la tieu thang « " l'*^^'^; (chi tiit eu ihi cd thi xem d bang 2).,Cae tieu thang va tong diem h en th Solg quan thuan; kit qua phan tich hdi quy cho thay, tieu thang eo the dv doan duoc lo au thi cii duge bing thang TAS (R^ hieu chmh = 0,780; p < 001) dd, phan ilng co tbi va thai ky thi la hai nhan to an tthat anh hudng tdi lo au thi cit d miu khach the dugc nghien cilu (Beta lan lugt la 2,785 va 618) sau mdi din su tu ti vdi kit qua (Beta = 2,208), thdi gian thi (Beta = 1,734) va eudi eiing la thai dp phien chan (Beta = 1,599) GiQa cac tieu thang vdi cd phin (tu ti/khdng ed niem tin vdi ket qua thi) va phin (thdi gian thi) khdng ed tuang quan vdi iihau (p > 0,05); phin (thdi gian thi) va phin (phan ung ea the) cung khdng hien thj ftiang quan (p > 0,05) Tu kit qua ed thi suy luan thai gian thi dai ngan khdng anh hudng tdi phan ling co thi va dp tu tin vdi kit qua eua khach the cd mite lo au tbi cii cao So sanh vdi thang gde eiia Trung Qude cd su tuang duong hrong doi eao, cung chi ed mdt yiu td (Song Fei, 2008) khae vdi thang duge thieh ung tai Viet Nam ed td rieng biet, nhien, khudn kho bai nghien ciru, nhdm tae gia chua tim yeu td nao anh hudng dan den sir khae biet nhu vay, ein cd mpt nghien eiiu vdi sd mau rpng han va phan tich sSu hem de tim hieu van de Phan tieh nhan to tren TAI, ket qua eho thay, phan giai thich 50,6% su bien thien ciia tap du lieu Sau tien hanh loai bd nhung item ed hieu he sd tai nhd hon 0,3, tri sd KMO ciia TAI bang 0,856, thich hgp tien hanh phan tich nhan td; dd cd phan giai thich 59,8% su biin thien cua tap dii lieu phan cd the hieu la tieu thang vdi item (chi tiit cu the CO the xem d bang 3) Cac tieu thang va tdng diem hien thj tuong quan thuan Ket qua phan tich hdi quy cho thay, tieu thang cd thi du doan dugc lo au thi ctl dugc bing thang TAI (R^ hieu chinh = 0,987; p < O^QOl) dd, su tu ti ddi vdi kit qua (Beta = 0,398) din din lo au thi cu nhilu hoii la phan irng sinh ly cua eo thi (Beta = 0,187) 20 TAPCHITAMLYHOC, S6 4(241)_4, 2019 Bdng 2; Tieu ihang eia TAI vd item tuang ung ThiAih phan Ten s6 item Noi dung He so trich xuat He so lai TAI Mdi thi, tdi lai tu hdi: minh CO tdt nghiep duoc khdng? 0,672 0,817 TAI 17 Trong thi, tdi toan nghT minh se truat 0,602 0,741 Trong thi, mdi lan nghT tdi diem sd la tdi lai khdng the tra Idi cau hdi mdt each binh thudng 0,598 0,716 0,649 0,711 va 0,379 item Tuti vdi kit qua TAI TAI Ndi sa diem kem lam tdi khdng the tap trung vao ky thi TAI 12 Nhiing lo lang ve ky thi lam toi cam thay phien nao, tdi mudn vijt bd chung TAI 18 Phan irng CO the TAI TAI Trong tham gia mot ky thi Idn, tdi cam thay tim minh dap nhanh Khi di thi, du tdi cd ehuan bi day du di niia thi tdi van rat cang thiing Mdi lan tham gia mdt cugc thi Idn, tdi cam thay than kinh de bi kich thich 0,474 0,308 va 0,616 0,699 0,835 0,607 0,723 0,483 0,651 Ddi ehiiu vdi nghien ciiu tuang tit d Trung Qudc, khae vdi sinh vien Trung Quoc bi nhung kich thich tieu cue qua trinh lam bai thi anh hudng dan tdi lo au thi ctl (lam sai, khdng lam dugc bai hay phat hien khdng dii thdi gian ) (Lingwen Quan, 1988; Rocklin, 1994), sinh vien Viet Nam chil trpng hon din kit qua cudi ciing eua bai thi (qua mdn, tdt nghiep, diem kem ) Dieu ed thi giai thich kit qua nghien eiiu cua Huynh Mai Trang va Mai Hdng Dao (2018) cac nghien eiiu chi ring, sau thi tam trang eua hpe sinh vin khdng ed diu bieu tha long Si sau phan tieh hdi quy ddi vdi tiiu thang do, kit qua cho thiy, d miu la sinh vien miin BSe Viet Nam, tinh lo au va tinh xuc cam cd thi du doan mpt phin lo au thi eu d eae em (R = 0,987; p < 0,001); tiong dd, tinh xile cam (Beta = 1,111) cd anh hudng manh me hoTi la tinh lo aii (Beta = 0,926); diiu cho thiy, biiu hien lo au thi cii d miu khach thi TAP CHiTAM LY HOC, Sd4 (241), - 2019 21 nghien cuu da sd dugc thi hien qua tinh xuc cam (nhung phan ung eua di kem vdi nhan td lo au, bao gdm: cang thang, t.m dap nhanh, " "-"^"'j^fch su hdn loan cua he thin kinh th,ic vat) So sanh vm thang goc ban nghi mdi trudng Viet Nam cd td kha tuong tu va *''"g * f ^ , bing tiing Anh, diu ed hai td mieu ta sjr t^ ti dot ™> ket^u ky th' nhi^g phan img co thi di kem, dd, to dugc Inch ™ ; y ™ " | X „ ^ da thieh ung tai Viet Nam cd item trtng lap kha nhieu vo ^ f f f ^c trich xuit thang gdc (chi khae item so 12 Nhung lo lang ve ky th^ lam tdi cam thiy phiin nao, tdi mudn virt bp chung ') Trong kh thang duoc thich img nin van hda Trung Qude chu yeu mieu ta qua trinh nhung kich thich tieu cue lam bai thi dan den tac ddng tieu cue toi qua tnnn nhan thuc ciia sinh vien Trung Qudc va nhOng phan ilng smh ly di kem Co the thiy su thi hien cila miu khach the cac nen van hda khae la khae nhau', diiu ed thi giai thich nhu sir khae biet ve van hda giua cae nhom khach thi khae Tuy nhien, di tim nguyen nhan cu the cho sir khae biet cin nhung nghien cira chuyen sau hon 3.2.2 Dp hieu lue ddng thdt Nhiiu nghien eiiu d Viet Nam cung nhu Trung Qude eho thay, ]o au va trim cam cd tuong quan thuan vdi (Nguyin Ba Dat, 2001; Nguyen Cdng Khanh, 2017; Huo Meng va cdng su, 2012) Vi vay, cd thi thiy, neu khach thi dang trang thai lo au tbi cil thi eiing trang thai bi lo au va tram cam, do, ddng thdi thi chiing cho ket qua ddng quy la tdn tai lo au thi eil, ddng thdi vdi lo au va trim cam ndi ehung Thi nen nhu mdt ehi sd dang tin eay, ehiing tdi kiim nghiem dp hieu liie ddng thdi giQa lo au thi cii, trang thai lo au va tram cam, ket qua nghien cuu dupe the hien bang Bdng 3: Tuang quan giua cdc thang TAI STAI-YI STAI-Y2 TAS 0758 0,580 0,589 TAI 0,650 0,624 0,846 0,588 0,664 STAI-Yl STAI-Y2 BDI-II 0,420 0,471 Ghichii:p < 0,05 Tit bang 3, ta c6 the thay dupe ring, hai bang hdi lo au thi cit khdng nh" tuong quan thuan vdi ma edn tucmg quan thuan vdi thang Lo au STA^ 22 TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, So' (241), ^r (frpg thai lo au) va thang Trim cam BDI-II Kit qua phan tich hdi quy eho thay, lo au thi eil va trim cam cd thi dit doan trang thai lo au d mdt mQe dd nhit djnh (STAI-Yl: R ' hieu ehinh = 0,532; STAI-Y2: R ' hieu chinh = 0,580; p < 0,001), hrong dd trim cam cd mirc dp anh hudng cao nhit (STAl-Yl: Beta = 0,337; STAI-Y2: Beta = 0,435); ttong dd, ttang thai lo au ed miic anh hudng yiu din lo au thi ctl (TAS: R^hieu ehinh = 0,367; TAI: R^hieu ehinh = 0,442; p < 0,001); frim cam vdi lo au thi eu khdng ed mdi Hen he nhan qua (p > 0,05) TQ ket qua cd thi suy luan: Tmh hoan canh la mdt nhan to quan trpng din din tinh ttang lo iu thi cii d khach thi la sinh vien Viet Nam, dilu phii hpp vdi kit luan nghien eihi eua Nguyin Ba Dat (2001) Ket luan Tii eac ket qua nghien eiiu ed thi nit kit luan sau: Thii nhat, thang Lo au thi cii TAS va TAI tren miu sinh vien miin Bac Viet Nam bude dau thi hien dp tin cay va dp hieu lire cao, dn djnh ttong nen van hda Viet Nam, ed the dua vao irng dting nghien ctiu Tam ly hgc Thir hai, lo au thi eii d khach thi tren miu nghien ciru cd tinh hoan canh dac trung, dd, nguyen nhan ehti yeu la sir lo lang, tu ti ve kit qua thi (kiim tra) Thii ba, kit qua phan tich nhan td cho thiy biiu hien lo Su thi eu d sinh vien Viet Nam da sd duge thi hien qua tinh xiie cam (nhOng phdn ting cda ea the di kem) Ben eanh nhiing ket qua dat dugc, nghien citu cdn tdn tai mdt sd ban ehe nhit djnh: Thii nhat, thang dugc thieh ling tu phien ban tieng Trung mac dii ed dp tin eay eao song day khdng phai la phien ban gdc vl vay qua trinh chuyen ngQ khd ttanh khdi hien tugng "tam that ban" ThQ hai, dieu kien nghien cQu ban hep ndn sd luong mau nghien euu chua du Idn, vi vay ket qua nghien cdu ehua thi mang tinh dai dien cho sinh vien Viet Nam Can trien khai nghien euu vdi ed mau Idn ban d^ tim hieu van de Thil ba, ddi vdi van de ve diim chuin, pham vi bai nghien cilu ehua du luong miu di cd the dua dugc khoang diem chuin di phan loai mdi trudng khach thi la sinh vien Viet Nam cho thang TAS, eung nhu chua tim nguyen nhan cua sir khae biet nhan td ban thich ung Thil tu, sd lugng miu cd han, cac chi sd hieu lue dugc bao eao edn han ehe, mdi ehi tap trung d dp hieu luc yeu td va dp hieu luc ddng thdi TAPCHiTAM LYHOC, S64 (241), - 2019 23 Tai lieu t h a m k h a o D6 Van Boat (2018) Khdo sdt chiin luge img phd vdi cang ' ^ ' ' " g ' ™ " f , f hoc chuyin cdp cua hgc sinh d Hd Ngi Ky yeu Hgi thao khoa hgc quoc te Tarn y dudng lin thir 6.214-219 , Huynh Mai Trang va Mai Hdng Dao (2018) Cdm f"^ ™ ^ , « " f ' ^ f j f ^ l t y tra vd thi cir - nghien cim sa bg tgi mgt sd trudng a Ho Chi Minn i Hdi thao khoa hgc quoc ti Tam ly hgc duong lan thii 225 - 262 % Le Minh Nguyet, Ngo Thi Hanh, Nguyin Phuang Linh (2018) Ap 'f f ' ^ " ^ thing tdm ly a hoc sinh trung hgc ca sd Ky yeu Hgi thao khoa hgc quoc te am ly hgc dudng lin thir 404 - 415 Le Minh Thuan (2011) Sice khde tdm ly cua sinh viin; Nghien ciru cdt ngang Y hgc thirc hanh Tr 774 Le Thi Duyen, Biii Thi Thanh Dieu (2018) Ifng phd vdi stress cua sinh viin Trudng Bai hgc Supham - Bai hgc Bd Ndng Ky yeu Hdi thao khoa hgc qudc te Tam Iy hgc dudng lan thil 6 Luu Quang Hung (2017) A ranking of Vietnam's universities The 2016-2017 Report Nguyen Ba Dat (2001) Anh hudng ciia stress din kit qud thi hgc ky eia sinh vien Tap chi Tam ly hgc S6 Tr 47 - 52 Nguyen Ba Dat va Nguyin Hiru Thu (2009) Cdc kiiu irng phd vai stress hgc lap cua sinh viin Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Ngi Tap chi Tam ly hgc Sd Tr 41 - 46 Nguyin Ba Phu va Nguyin Van Bic (2018) Quan he giiia chdt vdi edm xuc lo du ciia sinh viin Ky yeu Hgi thao khoa hgc qudc te Tam ly hgc duimg lan thu 10 Nguyen Cong Khanh (2017) Tri lieu tdm ly, ca sd thuc hdnh vd diiu tri tdm binh NXB Dai hgc Quoc gia Ha Ngi 11 Nguyen Mong Ngoc va Hoang Trong Chu (2008) Phdn tich dir liiu nghien ciiu vdi SPSS NXB Hdng Dire 12 NguySn Thanh Huong (2010) Sii-c khoe Idm thdn cua vi thdnh nien vd nien Viet Nam Diiu tra Quoc gia v i vi nien va nien Viet Nam lan thu 13 Nguyin Thi Van (2017) Xdy dimg Ihang Bdnh gid mirc lo du hgc duang a hgc sinh tnmg hge phi thong Tap chi Tam ly hgc S612 Tr 78 - 87 14 To-Do-Quyen L., Mohd-Zaharim N., Hashim I.H.M., Thuan L.M and Sam R (2014).^ comparison of youth's value systems: the case of Vietnamese ethnic grouDS InternationalloumalofPsychologicalStudies Vol 6.No 15 Tsan Dung Nhanh, Nguyin Ha Bich Van, Huynh Duong Phi Yen, N' guyin Dang Tuyet Nhi (2018) Nhdn thirc ciia hgc sinh Irung hoc phd thong tgi thdnh H~ Chi 24 TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, 36 (241), _ 2019 Minh ve hdnh vi tu hiiy hogi bdn thdn; Thuc trgng vd gidi phdp Ky yiu Hgi thao khoa hgc qudc ti Tam ly hgc dudng lan thil 743 - 756 16 Trin Thanh Nam (2015) Lo du ff hgc sinh trung hoc phd thdng vd mdi lien hi vdi long tu trgng, dgng ca hgc tap, thdnh tieh hgc tap Tap chi Tam ly hgc S6 Tr 45 - 56 17 G Sarason I (1975) The test anxiety scale; concept and research organizational effectiveness research program officeof of naval research (code 452) arlington Virginia department of Psychology-University of Washington Seattle 18 Yu Liang, Chen Rui, Zhang Xiaocong and Zhou Renlai (2011) Compilation of examination anxiety picture library; trial in Chinese college students Chinese Joumal of Clinical Psychology 19 ( ^ B e t a L (2011) ^tSftfgfflM )ƠlHSM: tt+Bl* ƠfeS(**Wôffl tBllffilti^a?:** 19) 19 Ling Wenlun (1984) Factor analysis of Chinese students' test anxiety Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences (?S3tK (1984) c p H ^ ^ ^ K f t l i W H?»tf '^m^m%'