A study of ion acceleration at rocket altitudes and development a

University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Winter 1990 A study of ion acceleration at rocket altitudes and development and calibration of pitch angle imaging charged particle detectors Gregory Paul Garbe University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Garbe, Gregory Paul, "A study of ion acceleration at rocket altitudes and development and calibration of pitch angle imaging charged particle detectors" (1990) Doctoral Dissertations 1627 https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1627 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository For more information, please contact Scholarly.Communication@unh.edu INFORMATION TO USERS T h e m ost advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer The quality of th is reproduction is dependent upon the quality o f the copy submitted Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction In th e unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion Oversize m aterials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps Each orig in al is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy H igher quality 6" x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge Contact UMI directly to order University M ic ro film s In tern a tio n a l A Bell & How ell I n fo r m a tio n C o m p a n y 0 N o r t h Z e e b R o a d A n n Arbor Ml - US A 313761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 0119180 A s tu d y o f ion a c c e le tio n a t ro ck et a ltitu d e s an d d e v elo p m en t a n d c a lib tio n o f p itc h a n g le im aging c h a rg e d p a rtic le d e te c to rs G arbe, Gregory Paul, Ph.D University of New Hampshire, 1990 UM-I 300 N Zeeb R& Ann Arbor, MI 48106 A STUDY O F ION ACCELERATION AT ROCKET ALTITUDES AND DEVELOPMENT AND CALIBRATION O F PITCH ANGLE IMAGING CHARGED PARTICLE DETECTORS BY GREGORY PAUL GARBE B S , U niversity of W ash in g to n , 19S6 DISSERTATION S u b m itte d to th e U niversity of N ew H a m p sh ire in P a rtia l Fulfillm ent of th e R e q u ire m e n ts for th e D e g re e of D o cto r of P h ilo so p h y in P h y s ic s D e c e m b e r, 1990 This dissertation has been examined and approved Roger L Amoldy, Dissertation Director Professor of Physics F William Hersman Associate Professor of Physics Richard L Kaufmann Professor of Physics T W C' i Dawn C Meredith Assistant Professor of Physics Roy B./Torbert Professor of Physics November 27.1990 Date Acknowledgements A dissertation is the culmination of a research effort which involves several people It would be inappropriate for me not to take this opportunity to thank and acknowledge them First I must extend my gratitude to my thesis advisor Roger Amoldy The work I did was only possible because his ongoing research program Roger also was always available to help when I hit snags at various parts of the research I would like to thank him for this help and guidance I also had the pleasure to work with three fine scientist in the lab; Hank Dolben, Marc Lessard, and Mark Widholm All three of these gentlemen tutored me in the various practical applications of rocket research program be it assemblying a detector, understanding the logic board or debugging a program I am thankful for the time these three took to teach me and I hope I will be able to put this knowledge to good use in the future There are several other people who are involved in making a successful rocket program Arthur Anderson and John Levasseur had the crucial part of machining various parts of the payloads for flights 35.017 and 35.020 Their attention to detail and swift work is greatly appreciated I must also thank the recently retired Ralph Varney Ralph served as Roger’s project manager for several years and participated greatly in the design and construction of previous mentioned flights The skill and patience of our graphic artist Sherry Palmer should also be noted On several occasions I have presented her with rather complex and tedious jobs which she has promptly finished for me In the process of becoming a space physicist various people have helped me learn several difficult concepts Tom Moore and Craig Pollock of Marshal Space Flight Center have been especially helpful with understanding the thermal ion processes Both of these gentlemen were able to excuse my shear ignorance at times and teach me vital concepts I would also like to give a special thanks to my dear friend Michael Pangia Mike has tutored me endlessly in theoretical physics His grasp of the different subjects and ability to convey this information to me is unparalleled by anyone I know Lastly I want to thank my family for standing by me during this ordeal called graduate school Every time I look at either of my sons, Paul or Tomas, I find perhaps the finest pleasure in life Their unbounded joy and love make me feel as though I am the luckiest man on earth Finally, I want to thank my wife Luanne It is her love, courage and strength that has kept me on track to finish this dissertation In many ways this work is partly hers and therefore I dedicate this dissertation to her iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES vui ABSTRACT SECTION PAGE INTRODUCTION xi NASA FLIGHT 35.017 Review of Ion Heating Physics Flight Overview 21 Data Reduction 37 Flight Observations 57 D iscussion 98 EXPERIMENTAL PREPARATION OF NASA FLIGHT 35.020 114 Introduction 114 Upgrade of Calibration Facilities 116 Metal Black Coating 157 Calibration of 35.020's Particle Packages 167 (continued) v APPENDICES 177 A Integrated Electron Energy Flux 178 B Ion Distribution Function Calculation and Display 181 C Determination of ExB Drift Velocity from Ion Measurements 188 Plasm a W ake 196 D LIST OF REFERENCES 215 List of Tables Section 1-1: 1-2: 1-3: 1-4: 1-5: 1-6: 1-7: 35.017 Particle Detector Package 27 Flight E vents 31 Cone & Spin Rates 34 Energy Step Determination Parameters 50 HEEPS Energy Sweeps 52 Ion Conic Source Regions 102 Double Layer Correlation with Ion Populations 106 Section 2-1: 2-2: Ion Beam Width Parameters Black Metal UV Reflectance vii 153 165 205 I initial perpendicular velocity The equation of motion for parallel to the magnetic field is simply: z(t)= zo+vut, w here zq EqnD - is the initial position along the m agnetic field an d V| | is the in itia l parallel velocity Thus the quantities needed for the calculation described above can be found from the velocity magnitude and direction of the detected particles (v± and v| |) and the position of the HEEPS instrument (xq, yo and zq) T o satisfy the criteria that wake particles originating in the wake region, a routine was established where single particle trajectories were calculated for the particles which could have (or were) been detected by a discrete number of accumulation bins These bins were chosen such that they were representative of the whole strip and such that two of these bins were at the ends of the wake ions distributions (i.e where in bin space the wake ions were detected) It should also be pointed out that these trajectories were for single energy steps The results of the calculation of the trajectories for the energy step at time 774.75 (from the data presented in figure D-3) are shown in figures D-5 to D-9 The coordinate system in which the ion trajectories are presented has its axis such that the s-axis is the spin axis of the payload, the r-axis is the projection rocket velocity into the azimuthal spin plane, and the n-axis is perpendicular to the previous two axis (similar to the nrb coordinate system but using the spin axis instead of the magnetic field) The figures are arranged such that the plots on the left are projections in the r-n plane and the plots on the right are projections in the r-s plane The + represents the location of the top of the payload and the dots represent the position of the ion The trajectories start at approximately the origin (the origin is the center of the payload, ions start at position of the HEEPS) and have been mapped backwards in time for 30 milliseconds at millisecond intervals The accumulation bin number is marked at the top of the plots In order for the ion to be considered to originate from the wake in these plots, it must at some time have its marker behind the corresponding rocket marker in both projection planes Figures D-5 and D - show the trajectories for particles from accumulation bins and 12 Neither of these ion trajectories pass behind the rocket path and it is also clear to TOPAZ Ion Trajectories Start Time 772.42 dltt Bin = r figure D-5 206 •10 TOPAZ Ion Trajectories Start Time 772.42 Bin = 12 4Ut 3“ n •10 10 10 ■ figure D-6 •li •10 10 19 TOPAZ Ion Trajectories Start Time 772.42 Bin = 26 * 10 figure D-7 10 208 d lit I TOPAZ Ion Trajectories Start Time 772.42 Bin = 42 i I 8" * ♦TJ4.71 , 3+ 4- *7H.M + , ♦ S” * ♦ ♦ + •K ã1* * + + * *,ã ô ã * ^ T ’"’" ' •10 -15 -10 ♦ ■1t_ _