Prevalence of Salmonella spp in Poultry in Vietnam TRAN T HANH,a NGUYEN T THANH,a HOANG Q THOA,b LE T THI,c LAM M THUAN,d AND NGUYEN T.H LYe a National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam b Hanoi Regional Animal Health Center, Hanoi, Vietnam c Sub of National Institute of Veterinary Research, Khanhhoa, Vietnam d Thu Duc Agricultural and Forest University, Hochiminh, Vietnam e National Center for Veterinary Hygiene Inspection N02, Hanoi, Vietnam ABSTRACT: The prevalence of Salmonella spp in chickens and ducks from North, Central, and South Vietnam was followed over a year period Several different analyses were employed and the current prevalence was shown to be less than in previous studies KEYWORDS: Salmonella; prevalence; poultry INTRODUCTION The aim of this article is to present the prevalence of Salmonella spp in poultry in Vietnam Investigations of bacterial food poisoning outbreaks in Alexandria, Egypt in 1999 detected Salmonella spp in 16 outbreaks with 43 cases S enteritidis (5 out of 16 outbreaks with 13 cases) was the most prevalent serovar Japan registered 1217 outbreaks of all types of food poisoning in 1996, involving 46,327 cases In Vietnam from 1997 to 2000 there were 1364 food poisoning outbreaks with 24,541 cases, 207 died.1 In Ho Chi Minh city in 1994, 370 cases of food poisoning following consumption of contaminated soup were identified as Salmonellosis Another food-borne poisoning of 300 cases caused by S enteritidis in Thai Binh in North Vietnam was reported There was no information about the reservoir and routes for food poisoning agents MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp in chicken and ducks in the North, Central, and South Vietnam in a period of Address for correspondence: Tran Thi Hanh, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam e-mail: edmour.blouin@okstate.edu Ann N.Y Acad Sci 1081: 266–268 (2006) doi: 10.1196/annals.1373.034 C 2006 New York Academy of Sciences 266 HANH et al.: SALMONELLA SPP IN POULTRY 267 years from 2001 to 2004 In total 6557 samples were analyzed during this period Samples were randomly collected in various breeding farms as fecal samples, rectal swabs, collected floor feces, inner organs (intestine, cecum, liver) from dead chicken of any age, and dead embryos from unhatched eggs Bacteriological analyses were developed as follows2,3 : (a) pre-enrichment on buffered peptone water (BPW); (b) selective enrichment using Rapport Vassiliadis (RV); (c) plating on XLD agar and MacConkey agar; and (d) biochemical confirmation using Kligler, API 20, or micro-ID3; 5-serotyping by poly OH RESULTS In North Vietnam, Salmonella spp were isolated in chicken samples from 113/2824 (4%) of the feces, from 28/907 (3.09%) of the organ samples, and from 26/412 (6.31%) of the dead embryos In ducks, Salmonella positive samples were found in 5.57% (53/950) of the feces, in 9.52% (12/126) of the organs, and in 10.12% (16/158) of the dead embryos In Central Vietnam, out of 100 (6%) duck organ samples were found positive with Salmonella spp Feces and organ samples were not taken In chickens, none of the samples were positive out of 70 fecal, 50 organ, and 80 dead embryos samples In South Vietnam, fecal samples were not taken In chicken, 22/326 (6.7%) of organ samples, 6/200 (3%) of dead embryos were found positive for Salmonella spp., whereas in duck, 6/42 (14.3%) of the organ samples and 10/312 (3.2%) of the dead embryos were positive These results are summarized in TABLE DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In previous studies, such as in 1998 on 502 samples of feces and eggs collected from duck farms in Ho Chi Minh city and surrounding areas, Tran Xuan Hanh4 reported a Salmonella spp prevalence of 8.8% on duck hens, 24.7% on duckling, and 31.7% on dead embryos In 1999, Tran Thi Hanh5 found 30.91% Salmonella spp in a week old infected chicken TABLE Areas North Central South Total Prevalence of Salmonella spp in three areas of Vietnam Breeding farms Chicken Duck Chicken Duck Chicken Duck Number of samples (n) Number of positive samples Percentage (%) 4,143 1,234 200 100 526 354 6,557 167 81 28 16 298 4.00 6.56 0.00 6.00 5.32 4.51 4.60 268 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES In conclusion, the Salmonella spp prevalence found in our recent investigation is lower than the above mentioned authors REFERENCES KIM, PHAN T 2001 Foodborne Diseases 5–38.Youth Publisher SELBITZ, H.-J., H.-J SINELL & A SZIEGOLAIT 1995 Das Salmonella – Problem Gustav-Fischer Verlag Jena-Stuttgart SELBITZ, H.-J 2001 Grundsaetzliche Sicherheitsanforderungen beim Einsatz von lebend impfstoffen bei lebensmittelliefernden Tieren Berl Munch Tieraurzl Wschr 114: 428–432 HANH, T.X 1998 Preliminary results of duck Salmonellosis studies in vicinity of Ho Chi Minh city Vet Sci Tech V: 61–67 HANH, T.T 1999 Pollution by Salmonella in the environment and in the products of industrial poultry rearing Vet Sci Tech V: 7–11 ... Preliminary results of duck Salmonellosis studies in vicinity of Ho Chi Minh city Vet Sci Tech V: 61–67 HANH, T.T 1999 Pollution by Salmonella in the environment and in the products of industrial poultry. .. found in 5.57% (53/950) of the feces, in 9.52% (12/126) of the organs, and in 10.12% (16/158) of the dead embryos In Central Vietnam, out of 100 (6%) duck organ samples were found positive with Salmonella. .. North Central South Total Prevalence of Salmonella spp in three areas of Vietnam Breeding farms Chicken Duck Chicken Duck Chicken Duck Number of samples (n) Number of positive samples Percentage (%)