pacts of the covid 19 pandemic on vietnam’s policies on egovernment construction in 2020

Hội thảo Khoa học Trẻ “Vaccine COVID-19: Nghiên cứu Ứng dụng” Impacts Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Vietnam’s Policies On EGovernment Construction in 2020 Hiển Duy Quảng,1* Nguyễn Mậu Hùng2 1,2 University of Sciences, Hue University * Corresponding author: nguyenmauhung@quangbinh.edu.vn ARTICLE INFO DOI: Received: Revised: Accepted: Keywords: cyber security, Covid-19 pandemic, policy, egovernment, Vietnam ABSTRACT Although the Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on many countries’ national digitalization strategy and efforts of e-government construction, Vietnam has hitherto successfully coped with the global challenge in five periods Although the damage caused by the Covid-19 pandemic to Vietnam is not too big (35 deaths and 1,451 infected on December 28, 2020), it has significantly influenced Vietnam’s e-government construction strategy Due to the increasing demands of social distancing and the practical operation of the state apparatus, Vietnam’s efforts of egovernment construction have never been accelerated as strongly as during the Covid-19 pandemic The year 2020 is one of the special times to witness the emergence of many legal documents as well as Vietnam’s most e-government building activities All of these have taken place in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic This fact shows that the Covid-19 epidemic itself is a lever and catalyst for Vietnam’s national digital transformation and e-government construction strategy In contrast, the achievements in e-government have also contributed substantially to Vietnam’s overall success in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic Vietnam’s egovernment ranking has been continuously improved (86/193 in 2020), while the national budget has also been saved considerably (460 billion VND per year) Introduction The Covid-19 pandemic has been a global challenge and affected the quality of operations of all countries’ government around the world In such a situation, each country’s government has often come up with different responses to both help its country overcome the worst global health crisis within a century and perform its state management function as efficiently as possible Of many solutions proposed to cope with the negative effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, the acceleration of digital transformation and the strengthening of egovernment construction have been common solutions often selected by most countries On the one hand, the Covid-19 pandemic has not allowed social interactions to take place on a wide 159 Hội thảo Khoa học Trẻ “Vaccine COVID-19: Nghiên cứu Ứng dụng” range, large scale, and intensive degree as previously This reality has forced people to increase their use of online transactional solutions to minimize the risk of disease spread On the other hand, many countries’ governments have also found that digital transformation and egovernment are not only the most effective tools for social management and governance in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, but also an inevitable development trend of the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 The solutions of the Government of Vietnam in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic have not stayed beyond those general rules of human development Although the Covid-19 pandemic entered Vietnam quite early and posed a potential for greater damage because the country’s conditions have still been relatively difficult and the health infrastructure system was still inferior to those of many countries in the world, but it has hitherto been controlled fairly successfully and has not caused serious damage to human life The application of technological achievements in the country governance and prevention of the Covid-19 pandemic has played a vital role in this overall success Specifically, Vietnam’s Ministry of Health and Ministry of Information and Communications are considered to have accelerated the application of information technology and made use of the most inherent advantages of digital infrastructure to contribute to the whole society’s defeat of the Covid-19 pandemic and raised Vietnam’s status in the international arena Of these, typical technology enterprises such as Viettel, VNPT, Bkav have made a lot of crucial contributions (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, September 22) So how has the Covid-19 pandemic made impacts on Vietnam’s policies and efforts to build e-government over the past year? How has Vietnam’s national digitization strategy changed during the Covid-19 pandemic? How should Vietnam’s plan to build e-government be continuously implemented in the highly complicated context of the Covid-19 pandemic in the coming time? Are the objective impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic strong enough to help Vietnam overcome the current transitional digital transformation stage to quickly catch up with the inevitable development trends of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and successfully integrate into the modern world or does Vietnam need a number of other subjective factors to keep on moving faster and further in her national digitization strategy? This issue has been taken into consideration by some Vietnamese authorities and scholars have tried to answer the question in various forms and degrees (Trang tin Chính phủ điện tử, 2020, October 14, 15:51:06 PM), but many academic gaps have not yet been fully filled It is therefore based on the results of analyzing different sources of data by qualitative and quantitative methods as well as the interdisciplinary and specialized approaches, this paper not only analyzes the objective effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on Vietnam’s efforts to build e-government in the year of 2020, but also proposes some solutions to make these processes take place more effectively in the years to come Theoretical basis Vietnam’s year of 2020 underwent three basic waves of the Covid-19 pandemic in community, but they can be divided into five phases The first phase began on January 23, 2020, when the Chợ Rẫy Hospital (Ho Chi Minh City) discovered the first two people infected with Covid-19 in Vietnam Vietnam’s first war against Covid-19 officially began (Bệnh viện Bạch Mai, 2020, May 4) and lasted until the 16th patient on 13 February 2020 (Võ, 2020, February 17, 11:56 AM) The second phase began with the 17th patient officially announced on March, 2020 until Vietnam’s transition to the new normal period on April 24, 2020 (Bệnh viện Bạch Mai, 2020, May 4) The third stage began with the 416 patients (Mạch, 2020, September 1, 160 Hội thảo Khoa học Trẻ “Vaccine COVID-19: Nghiên cứu Ứng dụng” 14:10 PM) which was officially announced on July 25, 2020 (Phan, 2020, September 1, 12:25 PM) until the last patient 936 in Đà Nẵng was cured on 23 September 2020 (Lê, 2020, September 23, 13:07 PM) The fourth phase began with the patient 1342 in Ho Chi Minh City on November 28, 2020 (Cổng thông tin điện tử tỉnh Tuyên Quang, 2020, December 2, 08:30 AM) and ended by the time the Ho Chi Minh City Center for Disease Control (HCDC) officially removed the blockade and gave up the monitoring of the sites related to the patients in this outbreak on December 16, 2020 (Nguyễn, 2020, December 16, 10:43 AM) However, on December 26, 2020, Vietnam’s Ministry of Health announced a new Covid-19 infection in community due to illegal entry into Vietnam (L.Anh, 2020, December 26, 19:34 PM) Even though Vietnam has suffered a certain number of losses from the Covid-19 pandemic (35 deaths, 1,451 people infected with Covid-19 until 17:56 PM on December 28, 2020 (Bộ Y tế, 2020, December 28, 17:56 PM) and the country’s economic growth rate reduced to less than 2.3%) (Ngọc, 2020, September 10, 15:11 PM), she has hitherto still been considered as one of the most successful Covid-19 pandemic prevention models in the world This success has not only helped overseas Vietnamese to have one more option in difficult circumstances, but also made Vietnam’s egovernment construction efforts become more inevitable than ever E-government has in practice Vietnam’s target for many years, but the Covid-19 pandemic has made this process take place faster and contributed to the demonstration that Vietnam’s achievements in e-government over the past few years has initially led to positive results and taken effect in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic since the beginning of 2020 It is the historical background and starting point for the research on the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on Vietnam’s policies on egovernment building in the year of 2020 Methodology and methods E-government development has been a priority of Vietnam for years, but the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 has made these efforts become more essential than ever, as online public services are often the first choices and the best options for citizens in the quarantined context, social distancing, and lockdown This issue has been a popular concern of Vietnamese online service users and regularly updated on daily news, but the Government of Vietnam has also paid special attention to the digital transformation of the online public services Nonetheless, the Vietnamese literature on the influences of the coronavirus on Vietnam’s attempts to build e-government is rarely specialized investigations and full reflections of the process in the entire year of 2020 It is more seriously impossible for the majority of them to be counted as scientific works and academic studies on the digitalization of the Vietnamese administration system in the historical context of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 A wide range of documents is thus employed in this research to examine the enormous impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on Vietnam’s e-government construct policies in 2020, but the most important are The draft E-Government Development Strategy towards the Digital Government for the period of 2021-2025, with a vision to 2030 in the third quarter of 2020 (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, September 22) as a representative for state policy, Introduction of National Public Service Portal and its benefits for businesses (Cổng thông tin điện tử phủ, 2020, May 22) as an initial success of the central government, and Electronic Government Architecture of Thừa Thiên Huế province version 2.0 (Trang tin Chính phủ điện tử, 2020, August 26, 07:22:19 AM) as an example of the provincial government attempt to build e-government in the worrying circumstance of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 161 Hội thảo Khoa học Trẻ “Vaccine COVID-19: Nghiên cứu Ứng dụng” The study is realized by a number of general approaches and specific methods Aside from quantitative methods are qualitative ones throughout the paper While pricise figures of quantitative methods are often given to provide evidences for the the arguments in the text, many examined assumptions of stakeholdes are also often used to concretisize related research results and support the author’s conclusions Additionally, interdisciplinary and speciliazed approaches are regularly utilized to discover different angles and the true nature of multidimentional effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on Vietnam’s strategy to build e-government in 2020 from a wide variety of perspectives Even though a lot of specialized methods can be listed as the contributors to the completion of this work, the most often used are descriptive and analytical ones The reflections on Vietnam’s efforts to digitalize the administration system are unachievable without the assistance of descriptive techniques Similarly, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on Vietnam’s attempts to provide online public services to the whole population as soon as possible cannot be easily seen with the absence of analytical skills Nevertheless, only comparative tools could differentiate the development of e-government in the challenging background of 2020 and that of previous ones As the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on Vietnam’s policies on e-government construction in 2020 is a past story, historial methods are therefore also vital ways to restore the picture of the last year However, historical techniques are not merely used to investigate the events of the past as what is often done in historical research, but they are also combined with logic way of thinking to arrange all the statistics and analytical products in a chronological order It means many scientific methods are applied for this study, but the most usually visible are historical, logical, analytical, descriptive, and comparative ones Result and discussion: Some effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on Vietnam’s policy of building e-government 4.1 The construction of a legal corridor for e-government and national digital transformation Since the Internet was just introduced into Vietnam and is not used as commonly as at the present, the Government of Vietnam has determined the application of information technology achievements in the activities of the state apparatus is one of the important driving forces contributing to the country’s renewal process to achieve more solid achievements and the successful realization of the industrialization and modernization of the country (Mai, 2020) As the Industrial Revolution 4.0 has begun to creep into every corner of life in recent years, Vietnam has considered digital government, digital society, and digital economy as the most prioritized areas for investment to prepare firm foundations for the comprehensive digitalization of the country (TTXVN, 2019, April 14) in the coming decades However, the Covid-19 pandemic has been a real boost to Vietnam’s efforts to build e-government over the past few months The Covid-19 pandemic has changed people’s consumption behavior, modes of exchange, and commercial activities On such a basis, Vietnam’s e-commerce activities have grown strongly in recent months Online purchasing activities to serve the daily needs of Vietnamese people increased by 25% during the Covid-19 pandemic That means the national digital transformation usually takes around years to be widely applicable to business activities of enterprises and consuming behavior of the people, but the kick of the Covid-19 pandemic made this process only takes about weeks (Tạp chí GTVT, 2020, August 3, 10:43 AM) This fact has a profound impact on Vietnam’s national digitalization strategy and e-government building efforts in 2020 162 Hội thảo Khoa học Trẻ “Vaccine COVID-19: Nghiên cứu Ứng dụng” Although Vietnam passed the Law on Electronic Transactions 2005 (Quốc hội, 2005, November 29), the Law on Information Technology 2006 (Vũ, 2020, June 5), the Law on Cyber Information Security 2015 (Quốc hội, 2015, December 28), and the Law on Cyber Security 2018 (Quốc hội, 2018, June 12), the period since the Covid-19 pandemic visited Vietnam has really witnessed the emergence of many legal documents in the field of e-government On January 1, 2020, the Government of Vietnam asked the state apparatus to accelerate the processing of working documents in the electronic environment to ensure the completion of the targets set out under the Resolution No: 01/NQ-CP (Chính phủ, 2020, January 1) On January 22, 2020, the Government Office announced Official Letter No 598 / VPCP-KSTT guiding the construction and connection of the reporting information system of ministries, branches and localities to the Government’s Reporting Information System (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, January 22) On February 12, 2020, the Online Conference of the National E-Government Committee with the E-Government Construction Steering Committees identified 2020 as the year of special significance in the efforts to build e-government in Vietnam (Chí, 2020, April 6) This is the first year of implementation of the Resolution No: 52-NQ/TW on a number of guidelines and policies to actively participate in the fourth industrial revolution of the Politburo on September 27, 2019 (Bộ Chính trị, 2019, September 27) and the last year of the implementation process of the Prime Minister’s Resolution No 17/NQ-CP on a number of key tasks and solutions for e-government development in the period of 2019-2020, with a vision to 2025 on March 7, 2019 (Chính phủ, 2019, March 7) On February 24, 2020, the Government of Vietnam issued the Decision No 293/QĐTTg promulgating a set of indicators that synthesize periodic reports and socio-economic statistical reports to serve the direction and administration of the Government, the Prime Minister (Thủ tướng Chính phủ ký, 2020, Feburary 24) The Government Office was tasked with the completion of the Government Reporting Information System before June 30, 2020 (Chí, 2020, May 24) The Ministry of Information and Communications (the standing agency for e-government construction) was appointed to coordinate with the Government Office and related parties to develop an e-Government Monitoring and Evaluation System and to amend the Government’s Decree No 43/2011/NĐ-CP on June 13, 2011 before December 31, 2020 (Chí, 2020, May 24) On March 4, 2020, the Government of Vietnam issued the Directive No 11/CT-TTg on urgent tasks and solutions to overcome difficulties for production and business, and ensure social security to respond to the Covid-19 pandemic (Thủ tướng Chính phủ, 2020, March 4) On March 5, 2020, the Government issued the Decree No 30/2020/NĐ-CP (Chính phủ, 2020, March 5) on clerical work, integration on word management and administration software (on desktop PCs and on mobile devices) of ministries, branches and localities in service of sending and receiving electronic documents and handling tasks in the cyber environment (Chí, 2020, May 2) On March 11, 2020, the Prime Minister issued the Decision No: 366/QĐ-TTg approving the adjusted investment policy of the national database project on population (Thủ tướng Chính phủ, 2020, March 11) In order to implement the Directive No 13/CT-TTg on continuing to promote the prevention and control of the Covid-19 pandemic in the new situation on March 11, 2020 (Thủ tướng Chính phủ, 2020, March 11), the Prime Minister asked the government system to simplify all the unnecessary administrative procedures and minimize unreasonable costs for the people and businesses The Ministry of Public Security was asked to urgently 163 Hội thảo Khoa học Trẻ “Vaccine COVID-19: Nghiên cứu Ứng dụng” complete the construction of the National Population Database before June 30, 2020 (Chí, 2020, May 24) according to the Decision No 366/QĐ-TTg on March 11, 2020 (Thủ tướng Chính phủ, 2020, March 11) On March 23, 2020, the Government Office issued the Notice No 119/TBVPCP on the Prime Minister’s directing opinion on the development of online public service system (Văn phòng Chính phủ, 2020, March 23) On March 23, 2020, the National Committee on E-Government issued the Decision No: 194/QĐ-UBQGCPĐT on promulgating the operation plan of the National E-Government Committee in 2020 (Ủy ban Quốc gia Chính phủ điện tử, 2020, March 23) According to this plan, members of the Committee completed their comments on 1) a draft decision of the Prime Minister promulgating regulations on the use of equipment and machinery for e-Government information systems for assuring cyber information security in the second quarter of 2020, 2) draft decree regulating the National Database on Insurance in the third quarter of 2020, 3) Scheme on ensuring cyber security in the construction and development of e-government in 2020 (Chí, 2020, March 25) On March 24, 2020, the Government issued the Decision No 411/QĐ-TTg approving the list of integrated public services to be provided on the National Public Service Portal in 2020 (Thủ tướng Chính phủ, 2020, March 24) Of these, 65 public services were prioritized for integration and provision on the National Public Service Portal by 2020 (Chí, 2020, March 25) On April 3, 2020, the Ministry of Information and Communications issued the Official Letter No 1145/BTTTT-CATTT on Guiding the set of technical criteria and indicators to evaluate and choose cloud computing solutions to serve e-Government (Bộ Thông tin Truyền thông, 2020, April 3) On April 8, 2020, the Government of Vietnam issued the Decree No 45/2020/NĐ-CP on the implementation of administrative procedures in the electronic environment (Chính phủ, 2020, April 8) According to this Decree, the Government Cipher Committee is required to issue 100% of digital certificates to state administrative agencies before June 30, 2020 to serve the sending and receiving of electronic documents and the management of related work in the cyber environment at the request of state agencies (Chí, 2020, May 2) On April 9, 2020, the Government issued the Decree No: 47/2020/ND-CP on the management, connection and sharing of digital data of state agencies (Chính phủ, 2020, April 9) On May 12, 2020, the Government announced the Resolution No: 68/NQ-CP promulgating a program to reduce and simplify regulations related to business activities in the period of 2020-2025 (Chính phủ, 2020, May 12) On May 19, 2020, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment signed the Decision No 1123/QĐ-BTNMT (Bộ Tài nguyên Môi trường, 2020, May 19) promulgating the Plan of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment to implement the Decree No 45/2020/ND-CP on August 8, 2020 of the Government on the implementation of administrative procedures in the electronic environment (Cổng TTĐT, 2020, May 19) to ensure the timely, uniformed, scientific and effective implementation of the contents identified in the Decree 45 (Cổng thông tin điện tử phủ, 2020, May 26 tháng 5) According to this plan, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment strives to provide at least 50% of online public services at level in 2020 (Cổng thông tin điện tử phủ, 2020, May 26 tháng 5) On May 29, 2020, the Government of Vietnam issued the Resolution No: 84 / NQ-CP on tasks and solutions to continue solving difficulties for production and business, promoting disbursement of public investment capital 164 Hội thảo Khoa học Trẻ “Vaccine COVID-19: Nghiên cứu Ứng dụng” and ensuring social order and safety in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic (Chính phủ, 2020, May 29) After that, the Government Office issued a document urging related parties to implement a number of tasks and solutions that were assigned in the Government’s Resolution No: 84/NQ-CP (Vũ, 2020, June 19) On June 3, 2020, the Prime Minister issued the Decision No: 749/QĐ-TTg approving the “National Digital Transformation Program to 2025, with a vision to 2030 (Thủ tướng Chính phủ, 2020, June 3) According to this Resolution, by 2030, Vietnam’s public administration has basically been completely digitized (Vũ, 2020, June 5) On June 26, 2020, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued the Guidance No: 2148/BNG-LS on the use of online public services and public postal services in resolving administrative procedures in the consular field (Bộ Ngoại giao, 2020, June 26) On July 1, 2020, the Government of Vietnam issued the Decree No 77/2020/NĐ-CP regulating the management and exploitation of information in the national database on immigration; online public service serving the issuance, management and control of passports of Vietnamese citizens; immigration control by automatic control gate (Chính phủ, 2020, July 1) On July 22, 2020, the Prime Minister issued the Decision No 20/2020/QĐ-TTg on electronic identifiers of agencies and organizations serving data connection and sharing with ministries, branches, localities (Thủ tướng Chính phủ, 2020, July 22) On July 28, 2020, the Government of Vietnam issued the Decree regulating the electronic civil status database and online civil status registration (Chính phủ, 2020, July 28) On August 14, 2020, the Government issued the Decree No 91/2020/NĐ-CP on the fight against spam messages, spam emails, and spam calls (Chính phủ, 2020, August 14) On September 22, 2020, the Government Office issued the Notice No 339/TB-VPCP on the Conclusion of Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc at the online meeting of the National Committee on E-Government with the Steering Committee to build e-government of ministries, branches, and localities on August 26, 2020 (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, September 22) The Government Office was tasked to coordinate with the Ministry of Information and Communications to complete the Decree on identification and electronic authentication in the third quarter of 2020 (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, September 22) The Ministry of Information and Communications was tasked with completing the draft E-Government Development Strategy towards the Digital Government for the period of 2021-2025, with a vision to 2030 in the third quarter of 2020 (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, September 22) The resolution of the Government’s regular meeting in September 2020 on eGovernment development required the entire state apparatus to complete the construction of a platform for integrating and sharing data at the ministerial and provincial level in October 2020 to connect to the National Data Sharing and Integration Platform, provide at least 30% of online public services at level 3, under jurisdiction to the National Public Service Portal before November 30, 2020, urgently provide online public services at level at least 30% in 2020 (Trang tin Chính phủ điện tử, 2020, October 13, 09:31:56 AM) On October 8, 2020, the Prime Minister issued the Decision No 1532/QĐ-TTg approving the task of planning information and communication infrastructure for the period of 2021 - 2030 with a vision to 2050 (Thủ tướng Chính phủ, 2020, October 8) In summary, although the Internet was not introduced into Vietnam first in Asia, the Government of Vietnam has considered this as one of the strategic directions of the country in the future and e-government is not only a mode of national governance, but also one of the 165 Hội thảo Khoa học Trẻ “Vaccine COVID-19: Nghiên cứu Ứng dụng” central parts of the national digitalization strategy since the beginning Based on such strategies, the Government of Vietnam has issued a lot of lawful documents to build a legal corridor for the establishment and development of e-government in Vietnam This process began in the first years of the twenty-first century and has continued to grow more strongly in the following years, but the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020 has really opened a new chapter The national digitalization strategy and e-government building policy had never been paid more attention and practical they have been in the past few months No single sector in Vietnam has witnessed the emergence of more legal documents than digital transformation and e-government since the Covid-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 After less than months of operating the National Public Service Portal on December 9, 2019 to February 9, 2020, the Prime Minister issued legal documents and the Government Office announced urgent documents and two examining documents on the implementation of the e-government project in the whole country (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10) Thanks to these efforts, a legal corridor for the application of information technology and e-government development has gradually been established in Vietnam (Mai, 2020) 4.2 Some results achieved in practice The issuance of legal documents and the construction of legal corridors for national digital transformation and e-government building are extremely important, but its implementation in practice is even more essential In this regard, the achievements of national digital transformation and the application of online public services have proven their practical use and effectiveness in real life in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, especially during the period of implementation of the social distancing On February 10, 2020, the Government Office announced the Report No: 993/BC-VPCP on some results of implementing the tasks of administrative reform associated with egovernment development under the management and implementation of the Government Office in 2019 (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10) According to this report, Vietnam cut 3,451 out of 6,191 business conditions in nearly all sectors, 6,776 out of 9,926 categories of products subject to specialized inspection, and 30 out of 120 administrative proceedings related to specialized examination (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10) 9/22 ministries, agencies, and 63/63 provinces and cities have been connected and integrated with the National Public Service Portal (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10) From the time it was officially opened on March 12, 2019 to February 10, 2020, 95/952 ministries, branches, localities (100%) and the Party Central Office handled more than 1.26 million electronic documents on the national electronic document axis (Văn phòng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10) At the same time, e-cabinet and paperless government is in the right direction From the opening of June 24, 2019 to February 9, 2020, Vietnam’s e-cabinet system served 12 government’s conferences and meetings All of these operations used electronic documents and replaced 42,276 paper documents 229 questionnaires for government members were also conducted online and eliminated 6,183 paper votes and 28,161 paper documents attached (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10) In the implementation of the Official Dispatch No 598/VPCP-KSTT on guiding the construction and connection of the reporting information system of ministries, branches and localities with the Government Reporting Information System on January 22, 2020 (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, January 22), the Government Office held an online conference on the 166 Hội thảo Khoa học Trẻ “Vaccine COVID-19: Nghiên cứu Ứng dụng” implementation of the National Reporting Information System and issued a guiding document to build and connect the Nationwide Reporting Information System (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10) The Government Reporting Information System has integrated 19 reporting ways of 10 ministries and ministerial-level agencies If the whole system of automatic synthesis is electronicized, the public administration could save more than 4,700 workdays and around 460 billion VND for the state budget each year (Cổng thơng tin điện tử phủ, 2020, March 16) If all public services are provided online, Vietnam will annually save about 6,490 billion VND for total social costs Of these, the National Public Service Portal contributes 3,036 billion VND per year (Cổng thông tin điện tử phủ, 2020, May 22) At the same time, the National Reporting Information System is also increasingly improved The Government Office has developed the Government Reporting Information System software and is working with the Vietnam Initiative to perfect the advanced features of the Economic-Social Indicator Volatility Visual Display In addition, the model of information center serving national governance is also in the completion of basic features (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10) On March 13, 2020, the Government Office collaborated with ministries, agencies, and localities to introduce 169 online public services at level and to the National Public Service Portal Currently, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs, and 58 localities have added 11 online public services more to the National Public Service Portal Over 13 thousand online profiles have been created on the National Public Service Portal (Cổng thơng tin điện tử phủ, 2020, March 16) Since May 12, 2020, the National Public Service Portal has provided six additional public services to help citizens and businesses overcome the difficulties during the Covid-19 pandemic Among these, the top prioritized is 1) the support to employees whose labor contracts have been postpone and have taken unpaid leave, 2) the support to employers who borrow money to pay employees’ stop-off wages, 3) the support to the extension of payment of corporate tax, 4) the support to the extension of payment of personal taxes, 5) the support to the suspension of payment to the death pension fund, 6) the support to receive and handle complaints and recommendations in helping difficult people and businesses due to the Covid19 pandemic A number of special public services have also been introduced on the National Public Service Portal to assist citizens and businesses during and after the Covid-19 pandemic (Cổng thông tin điện tử phủ, 2020, May 22) On the morning of May 19, 2020, the Prime Minister’s Administrative Procedure Reform Advisory Council held an online conference on the Introduction of National Public Service Portal and its benefits for businesses The Government of Vietnam has drastically changed the state management and public service provision of the administrative apparatus to adapt to the new context of the Covid-19 pandemic The National Public Service Portal has provided 406 online public services Of these, 235 are online public services for businesses (Cổng thông tin điện tử phủ, 2020, May 22) On May 26, 2020, the Prime Minister issued the Decision No 701/QĐ-TTg on the Strengthening the National Committee on E-Government (Thủ tướng Chính phủ, 2020, May 26) Since June 2020, 20/22 ministries, ministerial-level agencies, and most local governments in Vietnam have gradually standardized their ways of periodic report The number of digitized administrative procedures has been significantly reduced (Cổng thông tin điện tử 167 Hội thảo Khoa học Trẻ “Vaccine COVID-19: Nghiên cứu Ứng dụng” phủ, 2020, June 11) On the morning of June 30, 2020, the Ministry of Health officially announced the completion of the 100% provision of online public services (321 administrative procedures) at level The success of the Ministry of Health not only happened earlier than years compared with the previously set roadmap within months, but has also become the first ministry to complete the provision of 100% of online public services at level In the first half of 2020, the Ministry of Health The company has successfully solved 33,429 online records (Đình, 2020, June 30) The health sector has established over 90 million electronic health profiles and is updating health information of each individual citizen on its electronic information system According to the plan, by December 31, 2020, all paper medical examination books must be replaced by the electronic form It is also on December 31, 2020, all databases and resources of the health sector must be fully updated on its electronic information portal to build a more efficient health-care sector (Đình, 2020, June 30) Implementing the Government’s Resolution No 36a/NQ-CP on October 14, 2015 (Chính phủ, 2015, Occtober 14), the Ministry of Finance has continued to expand the application of information technology and the electronicization of administrative procedures in the first half of 2020 After more than years of providing online public services, nearly million electronic documents have been stored and managed on the Document Management and Operation program (eDocTC) of this ministry and connected with the National document linkage axis At present, more than 95 agencies and units of the Ministry of Finance have received nearly 40,000 documents and have sent more than 12,000 documents on the National document linkage axis By the end of June 2020, 560 out of a total of 951 administrative procedures under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance (59%) have been carried out online at level and Of these, 351 online public services have been performed at level (37%) This figure has exceeded the target of the Government’s Resolution 17/NQ-CP in 2019 on e-Government development more than 30% The Ministry of Health is aiming to provide 634 online public services (67%) at level and level in 2020 (TA, 2020, July 9) Since June 2020, all local governments and tax departments have used electronic tax system Around 780,000 businesses (99.4%) have used electronic tax services Nearly million electronic tax profiles were received from the beginning of the year to June 19, 2020 Electronic tax payment has been linked to 55 commercial banks and 63 tax departments About 770,000 businesses (98.9%) have registered to use electronic tax payment services From the beginning of the year to June 19, 2020, businesses made nearly 1.8 million electronic tax payment transactions More than 8,000 electronic profiles have been processed electronically The Ministry of Finance has brought 198 administrative procedures on the national one-stop mechanism with the participation of 13 ministries and over 38,700 enterprises Approximately 3,104 million electronic records have been processed on the National one-stop portal (TA, 2020, July 9) On the morning of August 26, 2020, the Ministry of Finance officially launched the State Budget Public Portal (https://ckns.mof.gov.vn/) (Trang tin Chính phủ điện tử, 2020, August 27, 07:47:36 AM) Since July 1, 2020, the authentication service of electronic copy has been launched on the National Public Service Portal This step is considered as a breakthrough in Vietnam’s construction of e-Government If around 30% of more than 102 million notarized copies in 2019 could be reused more than once, it would save VND 428.4 billion for the society each year (Cổng thông tin điện tử phủ, 2020, June 4) On August 17, 2020, the Ministry of Public 168 Hội thảo Khoa học Trẻ “Vaccine COVID-19: Nghiên cứu Ứng dụng” Security held the launch of the National Data Center for the population The National Database project on the population has been the largest information technology project in Vietnam ever, an important foundation for the electronic management of the population, and the core element of Ee-government, digital life, and digital economy (Trang tin Chính phủ điện tử, 2020, August 18, 15:15:59 PM) On August 19, 2020, the Government Office held the opening ceremony of the National Reporting Information System, the Government’s Information Center for direction, and administration, and announced the 1,000th online public service on the National public service portal This important highlight has brought e-government to people’s lives another step on the path to becoming paperless government (Trang tin Chính phủ điện tử, 2020, August 19, 11:09:55 PM) Since the end of August 2020, around 15.9% of online public services have been provided at level This number doubled compared to that of the same period of last year About 88.5% of state documents have been exchanged electronically The target for the whole year of 2020 is 90% More than 2.5 million electronic documents have been processed on the National documentation linkage axis The national e-dovernment management and construction apparatus has been continuously expanded and improved (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, September 22) On the afternoon of August 31, 2020, the Ministry of Information and Communications officially held the Launching Ceremony of the National Data Portal (https://data.gov.vn) and Open Data Portal (https: // open data.gov.vn) (Trang tin Chính phủ điện tử, 2020, August 31, 17:02:19 PM) According to the Report No: 993/BC-VPCP of the Government Office on February 10, 2020, 55/63 localities in Vietnam have organized online public administrative centers (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10) A number of ministries and localities such as Quảng Ninh, the Ministry of Planning and Investment, and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment have launched online smart operations centers (Cổng thông tin điện tử phủ, 2020, June 11) With the cooperation of FPT Corporation, Quảng Ninh has not only made breakthroughs, but also often led the country in e-government and digital government Around 97% of the provincial government documents have been electronicized This figure in An Giang is 97% (Lan, 2020, February 22) Likewise, Thừa Thiên Huế province has also issued the Electronic Government Architecture of Thừa Thiên Huế province version 2.0 According to this model, each person working in the state apparatus will have an electronic desk (Trang tin Chính phủ điện tử, 2020, August 26, 07:22:19 AM) On September 28, 2020, Hịa Bình province held the Pilot Opening of Smart urban monitoring and operation center (Trang tin Chính phủ điện tử, 2020, September 29, 18:59:56 PM) This took place in Quảng Nam on October 1, 2020 (Trang tin Chính phủ điện tử, 2020, October 2, 10:44:21 AM) There are already 17 provinces and cities in Vietnam operating Smart urban operations centers (ICOs) (Trang tin Chính phủ điện tử, 2020, September 29, 18:59:56 PM) In brief, although e-government has been one of the areas of great concern by the Government of Vietnam for a while, the application of information technology and egovernment development often took place slowly in the past and has not led to numerous positive results In such a context, technology enterprises have made many contributions to the construction of e-government, digital government, and digital transformation in Vietnam, but the Covid-19 pandemic has been a key contributor to make the process of Vietnam’s egovernment construciton not only to be accelerated, but also happen faster (Văn phịng Chính 169 Hội thảo Khoa học Trẻ “Vaccine COVID-19: Nghiên cứu Ứng dụng” phủ, 2020, September 22) The first manifestation of this development trend is that after the National digital transformation program was approved officially by the Prime Minister on June 3, 2020 (Thủ tướng Chính phủ, 2020, June 3), the entire government system has actively developed e-government applications based on a shared platform model and dedicated an appropriate proportion of spending to this sector (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, September 22) After less than months of operating the National public service portal from December 9, 2019 to February 9, 2020, the Government Office held 29 meetings to check the implementation of the national digital transformation strategy and the policy on e-government construction (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10) Simultaneously, the institutional improvement for egovernment development has continuously been invested (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, September 22) The application of ICT in the industries and fields has resulted in many prominent highlights (Lan, 2020, February 22) As of February 10, 2020, e-government has saved more than 18 million working days and more than 6,300 billion in total social expenses each year (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10) According to the Umited Nation egovernment ranking for 2020, Vietnam has increased from 88 in 2018 to 86th out of 193 countries (P.V, 2020, July 14) The achieved results of the first step are of very practical significance and contribute to transforming the country management mode from traditional papers to modern digital data (Cổng thơng tin điện tử phủ, 2020, June 11) 4.3 Discussion and solutions Although the Covid-19 pandemic has contributed to Vietnam’s faster digital transformation which has in practice achieved more remarkable achievements compared to those of the previous periods, Vietnam’s efforts to build e-government have also faced a certain number of challenges The study therefore addresses a number of problems and proposes some solutions to make this process take place more efficiently in the future Firstly, the Covid-19 pandemic has made the application of technological achievements in state management and the need to build e-government more urgent than ever E-government has in reality also made significant contributions to the overall success of Vietnam’s fight against the Covid-19 pandemic However, the model of building e-government in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic can only be applied to special circumstances and cannot be the universal key to all the national governance functions of the the administration system in normal conditions In practice, the rate of provision of online public services at level of ministries and 25 localities is still less than 10% This alarming number is a big challenge for the target of 30% in 2020 (Văn phòng Chính phủ, 2020, September 22) Therefore, although the fact that many legal documents as the institutional framework for e-government development have not yet been issued on time (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10) needs to be overcome immediately, the national digitalization strategies and policies to build an e-government of Vietnam should be based on the normal development of the country instead of the special events of the Covid-19 pandemic While the heads of organizations must be aware of the importance of the national digitization strategy and the specialized divisions must assert their technological capabilities, all the stakeholders have to change their ways of working and mode of operation (Đình, 2020, June 30) Secondly, the construction of e-government not only requires a long-term strategy, but also needs investment in physical resources and human resources In this regard, although the infrastructure system for e-government development in Vietnam has been significantly 170 Hội thảo Khoa học Trẻ “Vaccine COVID-19: Nghiên cứu Ứng dụng” improved over the past few years, it is still far from being able to fully meet the actual development needs of the country At the same time, Vietnam’s information technology human resources have become more abundant in quantity and continuously improved in quality, but still cannot master the entire process of building e-government Some national databases that underpin e-government development have been constructed very slowly (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, September 22) The application of information technology in state management has just stoppep at the basic level (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10) The operating capacity of some localities has not met modern technical requirements (Văn phòng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10) In many cases, the Government of Vietnam has had to develop human resources for e-government and tried to overcome the losses caused by the Covid-19 pandemic For this reason, Vietnam’s determination to build e-government is not a matter of debate, but her current resources not allow the investment in infrastructure and human resources for the egovernment to take place in a large scale Thirdly, although the state budget has also been abstantially affected by the Covid-19 pandemic and online public service provision can save more than 1,200 billion VND per year for Vietnam’s budget (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10), the life of the majority of the lower classes have been affected even more seriously E-government is thus a solution strongly supported by the majority of the population, but its practical applicability to vulnerable sectors is still an issue that needs to be studied more Currently more than two third of Vietnam’s population have used the Internet, but this rate is not equal between rural and urban areas and among different generations E-government is hence a major step forward in the modernization of the national public administration, but its ability to cause social inequality and lack of opportunity of access to state policies is not completely excluded for the lower classes This risk has been increasingly evident in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, when the vulnerable parts have been increasingly affected Longer packages of support in this context are essential for social sectors with little opportunity of access to government’s online services in the near future Furthermore, e-government has brought more conveniences to citizens in the handling of administrative procedures, but Vietnam is currently one of the countries with the most cyber attacks in the world (Thu, 2020, January 10, 09:30 PM) and some issues of information safety and cyber security have not been given adequate attention The legal environment for egovernment is still incomplete A number of important decrees on personal data protection, identity, and electronic authentication have not been issued (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, September 22) Less than 10% of the state budget for information technology is usually spent on cybersecurity (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, September 22) Therefore, in addition to raising awareness of ensuring the personal information safety of each Internet user and improving the defensive capacity of the national cyber security system, the introduction of sufficiently strong sanctions to protect the legitimate rights and legal interests of online public service users is an obligatory requirement In this regard, each citizen must personally improve their private information security skills and be fully aware of the risk of his or her personal data being stolen, but the state must build a strong legal framework for the operations of the online public service system to take place as safe as possible Meanwhile, the simplification of administrative procedures for online public services to operate more efficiently (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, September 22) is also a way to make electronic transactions transparent 171 Hội thảo Khoa học Trẻ “Vaccine COVID-19: Nghiên cứu Ứng dụng” Finally, the use of citizens’ personal data in online public services is also a common issue of public concern for more discussion The user data system of online public services is now a valuable resource for many stakeholders However, the security of these data sources has not always been guaranteed and its use has not always been legal This issue has been addressed by modern civil service administrations by open operation mechanisms and transparent administrative procedures The disclosing of other persons’ personal information without their permission or the sale of personal data for commercial purposes is often the most strictly forbidden practice in civilized administrations In practice, the introduction of the National public service portal and the online settlement of administrative procedures have also contributed to the transparency of the operational process of the authorities (Cổng thơng tin điện tử phủ, 2020, May 22) The Ministry of Public Security has in reality been speeding up the development of a decree on personal data protection to be issued in 2020 (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, September 22) However, the fact that personal data has been stolen and even used for illegal purposes still happens blatantly in many cases As of February 10, 2020, the rate of timely processing of applications on the National public service portal was only 95.8% (Văn phịng Chính phủ, 2020, February 10) Therefore, in addition to technological solutions, a transparent and clear operating mechanism of the public administration is the optimal solution to problems of releasing personal information of users on cyberspace (Cổng thơng tin điện tử phủ, 2020, March 16) Conclusions and recommendations The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the activities of all countries’ governments, but at the same time also opened up new opportunities for digital transformation and made egovernment construction efforts in a number of countries more urgent than ever In Vietnam, efforts to build e-government have been carried out more strongly Never before has the task of building an e-government been given more priorities in investment and development by the Government of Vietnam as it was during the Covid-19 pandemic Likewise, very few areas have been issued more policies and legal documents as the legal corridor for development than egovernment The whole Vietnamese government system has both focused on the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic and simultaneously tried to realize the given goals of e-government construction To a certain extent it can be said that it is the Covid-19 pandemic that has been the catalyst contributing to Vietnam’s e-government construction efforts to take place faster Vietnam’s recent successes in the development of e-government, digital government, digital economy and digital society (Cổng thơng tin điện tử phủ, 2020, June 11) have partly resulted from the unexpected contribution of the Covid-19 pandemic On the contrary, the achievements in the e-government construction have also contributed greatly to Vietnam’s overall success in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic over the past year and have made the governance function of the state apparatus take place more effectively As a result, Vietnam’s e-government ranking has been increased obviously (world 86/193) (P.V, 2020, July 14), while the state budget has also been saved about 460 billion VND per year Cổng thông tin điện tử phủ, 2020, March 16) All contribute to the proof that the Covid-19 pandemic is a special boost to Vietnam’s e-government construction, but Vietnam’s fight against the Covid-19 pandemic has also inherited many achievements from her efforts to build e-government On that basis, the Government of Vietnam has boldly set a goal that by 2025, 90% of work profiles at ministerial and provincial level must be processed in the cyber environment 80% of the periodical reports 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and that of previous ones As the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on Vietnam’s policies on e-government construction in 2020