The consequences of the COVID 19 epidemic and the rehabilitation strategy of the hospitality business in vietnam

FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY …… ***…… RESEARCH PROPOSAL Subject: Research methodology in economics and business Topic: The consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic and the rehabilitation strategy of the hospitality business in Vietnam Class: KTEE206.1 Khoá: 60 Professor: Dr Phạm Thị Cẩm Anh Hanoi, October 10th 2022 Contents Abstract Background Literature review: .4 Research questions, purpose, hypothesis, and objectives: 3.1 Research questions: 3.2 Purpose: 3.3 Objectives: 3.4 Hypothesis: Research Methodology and Methods: .7 Discussion: Significance of the Study: Contribution of the Study: Scope of the Study: 10 Limitations of the Study: 18 10 Conclusions: 19 11 Structure of Thesis Report 20 12 References .20 Abstract Global tourism has been mostly decimated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the recovery of tourist spots in underdeveloped nations has been put in jeopardy as a result of the epidemic's more dangerous waves Although an abundance of studies has been conducted to calculate the general influences of COVID-19, not much research has been done to evaluate its overall impact on the individual tourism and hospitality industry Meanwhile, during COVID-19, travel agencies and the lodging sector suffered many more consequences compared to other stakeholders The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitality industry in Vietnam is a significant concern for the authorities and government, which may require a prompt response in economic policy and financial strategy to better assist local businesses in overcoming the difficulties during postpandemic recovery This research aims to study the effects of multiple COVID-19 quarantines on the tourism industry in Vietnam, an underdeveloped nation, to investigate how the tourism sector in a developing nation such as Vietnam, has been harmed as a result of many COVID-19 outbreaks This research will provide the current knowledge about the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is important not only for the adaptation of firms' methodologies and the transformation of sustainable tourism but also for giving insight into best practices that can be adopted and creating exceptional indications of within-industry homogeneity in how businesses react to disasters The writers employed a mix of qualitative and quantitative methodologies These methods can be utilized as a useful approach in social science studies to increase the validity of research findings and meet a specific purpose of tourism research In order to explain the reasons behind quantitative findings, most parts of our study follow the explanatory approach, which qualitative research is conducted after quantitative research A critical reason for the widespread use of mixed approaches in tourism research is to overcome the objective shortcomings of employing qualitative or quantitative methodologies alone (Fetter & Freshwater, 2015) The study is conducted in a synchronized and methodical manner to have a specific, contextualized insight into the hospitality industry in Vietnam In Vietnam, the whole country has experienced three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic By collecting and analyzing many sources of secondary data, the research comes to the results depicting that many tourism-related firms and corporations suffered significantly from the pandemic, and very few of these businesses were able to recover after a long time of social distancing To be more specific, after the third wave, there is a witness that the tourism industry sectors were either facing permanent closure or bankruptcy Although the degree of the downturn varied among the sizes of corporations and companies, all domestic tourism enterprises appeared to suffer a dramatic decline in the number of clients, tourism revenues, service facilities, and tourist arrivals, as well as job opportunities Relied on official secondary statistics, this result presents the consequences of COVID-19 on the tourist sector in Vietnam The goal is to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the tourist sector, identify the important tourism industries, and assess how much the pandemic's waves have hit local enterprises On a scientific foundation, this study will propose to analyze and develop strategies for dealing with these unfavorable impacts In conclusion, along with the latest development trend in the industry after COVID-19, Vietnam should prioritize recovering tourism—key to Vietnam's economic sector in the near future These solutions can be conducted by developing reasonable strategies to build up a safe tourist environment, sustaining the tourist market, diversifying and improving high-quality tourism products, marketing, and digitalization This study may be regarded as a helpful resource for tourism researchers and management in developing countries such as Vietnam Background COVID-19 (coronavirus illness 2019) is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that was detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019 It is very infectious and has rapidly spread throughout the world Global tourism has been mostly decimated by the COVID19 pandemic, and the recovery of tourist spots in underdeveloped nations has been put in jeopardy as a result of the epidemic's more dangerous waves Although an abundance of studies has been conducted to calculate the general influences of COVID-19, not much research has been done to evaluate its overall impact on the individual tourism and hospitality industry This research targets to study the effects of multiple COVID-19 quarantines on the tourism industry in underdeveloped nations Overall, in Vietnam, the whole country has experienced three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic In terms of economic loss among tourism-related businesses, most of these are found in travel agencies and the lodging sector compared to other stakeholders The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitality industry in Vietnam is a significant concern for the authorities and government, which may require a prompt response in economic policy and financial strategy to better assist local businesses in overcoming the difficulties during post-pandemic recovery Literature review: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively influenced the tourism and hospitality industry on a global scale By reflecting on some latest key research, this session aims to deliver a better understanding of how tourism businesses in a developing country like Vietnam have suffered economically from the pandemic crisis period On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially proclaimed COVID-19 to be a pandemic It was anticipated that the epidemic would have a wide range of sociocultural, political, and economic effects The world's tourism industry is obviously extremely vulnerable to such crises, and the effects on tourist locations will be severe and permanent Evidently, a loss of 1.2 trillion USD in export income was caused by a large 78% decline in the pace of global visitor visits and the elimination of 120 million jobs This suggests that the pandemic will cause massive economic losses worldwide, especially in places where the tourism industry is the mainstay of the local economic structure The travel restrictions escalated from the Wuhan region epicenter (local lockdown starting on 23 January) to the majority of countries by the end of March as COVID-19 cases erupted and spread throughout the globe The attached figure depicts nations whose borders are closed to the movement of non-citizens and non-residents as of March 31, 2020, and countries with partial border closures There is research claiming that the smaller the size of firms, the more disadvantages of being in danger of closing down or possibly going bankrupt without policy assistance (KTT Nguyen 2020) Therefore, small entrepreneurial businesses are especially vulnerable to significant cash limitations in prolonged recessions and crises The lodging industry also suffered a dramatic decrease In the first half of 2020, the hotel occupancy rate in Vietnam was at 29 percent, indicating a significant drop from the hotel occupancy rate of 2019 The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the growth of the Vietnamese tourism and accommodation sector Since the first outbreak in early 2020, Vietnam has recorded around an 80 percent decline in international arrivals Research questions, purpose, hypothesis, and objectives: 3.1 Research questions: The issues raised above have brought about the following questions below, which would be addressed in the course of the study: Is there a causal relationship between a pandemic and tourism? What effects does the pandemic have on the tourism and hospitality industry in Vietnam? What are the factors (direct and indirect) related to COVID-19 resulting in changes in the tourism market in Vietnam? How can the hospitality industry recover after COVID-19? What solutions can the government and authorities provide to help the rehabilitation process? 3.2 Purpose: This study aims to highlight the impact of COVID-19 on tour operators in Vietnam as well as explore their strategic responses to the pandemic It intentionally focuses on tour operators because these firms play an important role in tourism development and poverty alleviation in the country The firms are expected to make a major contribution to the recovery of the domestic and international tourist markets In order to better understand the developments of the tourism industry and support stronger domestic and international recovery, there is a need to update the data through surveys The COVID-19 crisis has changed traveler priorities and resulted in numerous behavioral modifications To evaluate the financial health of the tourism industry, Vietnam will need to collaborate more closely with private organizations These factors have motivated our team to involve in the assessment that takes into account many regional variations and the traits of each category of tourism service businesses We focused on size, local and international reach, public versus private ownership, As a result, the research makes more steps in updating data on both supply and demand in this industry 3.3 Objectives: The main objective of the study is to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the decline of Vietnamese tourism, in order to estimate the time it will take for Vietnam to get its tourist sector back to its pre-COVID performance Below are the specific objectives: To examine the causal relationship between the COVID-19 lockdown and the downturn of the tourism sector in Vietnam Estimate the short-term and long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism in Vietnam To examine the long-run relationship that exists between COVID-19 and tourism 3.4 Hypothesis: Hypothesis 1: There is a causal relationship between COVID-19 and the tourism downturn Hypothesis 2: The pandemic has both short-term and long-term negative effects on Vietnam tourism Hypothesis 3: The COVID-19 pandemic will have a long-run relationship with Vietnam's tourism Research Methodology and Methods: To accomplish the data collection aims, a mixed method approach was used in this study to collect both qualitative and quantitative data More precisely, qualitative data enabled researchers to quantify the effects of COVID-19 on the tourism industry of the case study under consideration, while quantitative data allowed researchers to gain in-depth information about stakeholder attitudes and beliefs about the pandemic's impact on their business operations The research design included two main phases The first stage began with developing a framework for qualitative data gathering, whereas the second stage focused on quantitative data collection Accordingly, the research team then developed a set of questions for the in-depth interviews, suitable for the research setting in Vietnam Quantitative research: Analysis for this study was done using secondary data The research question “What are the factors (direct and indirect) related to COVID-19 causing changes in the Vietnam tourism market?” was developed as the study's first step in conducting the secondary research The secondary data set was then found, assessed, and a conclusion was prepared The General Statistics Office of Vietnam provided the majority of the reviews, journal articles, and reports used in the study (GSO) Additionally, websites and news articles were used to gather secondary sources of data Using the journal articles and different reports the researcher had access to, a literature review was carried out as the first step of the analysis process The reports' statistical information was then used to conduct a more thorough analysis of how the coronavirus has affected the travel and tourism sector Consequently, using the information at hand, a descriptive analysis of the tourism sector and its related industries was carried out Qualitative research: Given that the COVID-19 pandemic is still complicated on a global scale, and its influence on socioeconomic and environmental elements still seems to be unclear, qualitative research via focus group discussions and interviews is thought to be reasonably appropriate for revealing crucial aspects that can go further than the simple descriptive statistics of quantitative research Individuals were interviewed to get qualitative data They are tourist specialists and personnel with excellent professional credentials who can provide comments to ensure openness and impartiality in research material In terms of participant selection and recruiting, criteria were created to choose a suitable list of possible participants who were tourist company managers The first interviewee was picked at random from the list, and the remaining interviews were recruited using a snowball sampling method Discussion: In Vietnam, the COVID-19 outbreak creates a massive halt in the tourism industry According to the Central Disease Control of Vietnam (CDC), in 2021, with the emergence of the Delta variant, COVID-19 cases in Vietnam increased rapidly in both numbers and severity As 2021 ended, the total number of COVID-19 cases in Vietnam was over million, causing about 34,500 deaths Per million people, Vietnam ranked 143/224 nations in the number of cases, 130/224 in deaths, 26/224 in deaths per cases ratio, at 1,8% With timely and decisive policies from the government and the Communist Party, Vietnam was considered one of the most excellent countries in dealing with COVID-19 As a result, the country was able to bounce back from the pandemic and be ready to serve international tourists in no time At the end of 2021, Vietnam has successfully implemented their vaccination program, with over 144 million doses carried out; 78% of the population is vaccinated, with 66% fully vaccinated (2 doses) The vaccination percentage of Vietnam even surpassed those of the world’s most developed countries, namely the USA As borders were closed, especially in China where hundreds of thousands of tourists flood to Vietnam every year, in addition to many governments imposing travel restrictions, the tourism industry suffers a deep decline among many other industries The COVID-19 outbreak created critical challenges for the global tourism sector The available data in GSO has estimated a 97,8% decrease in international tourist arrivals in the first months of 2021 for a total of 81,000 tourists, with a 40% reduction in tourist arrivals in May The total revenue from international tourists in the first months of 2021 reaches 180 million dollars Regions that suffered the most were Khanh Hoa, with an 85,6% decrease in the number of international tourists, and Quang Nam, at 68,4% The economy's many sectors, especially the hospitality and air travel sectors, which support the tourism industry, may also be impacted by the downturn of the tourism sector In the Lunar New Year holidays of 2021 alone, the airline sector’s total revenue suffered a dramatic drop of 80%, while Vietnam Airlines alone lost well over 200 million dollars in the first months of 2021 Private airlines such as Vietjet Air and Bamboo Airways had to sell some of their properties to maintain their operation Meanwhile, the occupancy rate for the hospitality sector in all of 2021 was only about 10% Significance of the Study: There are very few studies on the effects of COVID-19 on the global tourism industry as a whole and specifically the Vietnamese tourist industry in literature at this time There was a dearth of research on the impact of COVID-19 on economic growth, and it was challenging to find a significant study that addressed the problems the tourism industry was facing as a result of the pandemic However, the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism industry has been documented in numerous reports by UNWTC, WTCC, and UNCTD As a result, the primary contribution of this study to the body of literature is the addition of new and significant relationships between the COVID-19 pandemic and the global tourism sector, which is the area of literature that receives the least amount of attention due to the lack of data 7 Contribution of the Study: The research provides deeper perceptions into recovering tourism activities and offers helpful suggestions to government officials, scholars, and tourism firms to reinvest in the tourism industry to set it back to a normal position The researcher's conclusions would be valuable for governing bodies and policymakers in Vietnam to help the tourism-based economy grow back to its pre-COVID performance Scope of the Study: Hypothesis 1: There is a causal relationship between COVID-19 and the tourism downturn The COVID-19 situation has had direct and indirect effects on various components of the local tourism industry The results in this report accurately estimated the harshest effects on local tourism businesses, several of which were discovered to be on the verge of going out of business This may be compared with Wieprow and Gawlik's research from 2021, which also confirmed that the pandemic problem may result in the failure of Poland's tourism businesses Similar circumstances apply to Argentina's widespread company bankruptcy as a result of the pandemic's long-lasting effects (Korstanje 2021) There are several possible interpretations for this widespread phenomenon, as everyone has been impacted by the prolonged lockdowns throughout many quarantines of COVID-19 As a result, very few small-sized business enterprises could survive after the waves of the pandemic, and it was likely that the small business firms in this study would really shut down According to a study by Kalogiannidis (2020), prolonged lockdowns may put small firms in danger and make bankruptcy a real possibility In addition, even small enterprises in European nations that profited from their nation's sound financial policies experienced financial trouble; very few of them were able to sustain repeated and protracted lockdowns (Garca et al 2020; Parikh 2020) When tourism demand plummeted as a result of the pandemic's repeated waves, this is called the domino effect, which also had indirect effects on other tourism-related business sectors Due to supply chain disruption and preexisting impediments, the tourist managers in this study were not overly optimistic about the post-crisis rebound Moreover, measures such as restricting movement, canceling flights, and closing tourism businesses had an immediate impact and significantly reduced supply and demand for domestic and international tourism services This industry also employs the majority of low-paid and unskilled workers, most of whom are women In many underdeveloped countries, workers are now faced with drastic and severe reductions in working hours It is reported that the pandemic could bring significant salary reductions and the risk of losing jobs for manual labor The sectors which have employees that are most prone to layoffs include retail, and food and beverage service Almost all firms in the sub-sector that provides accommodation and food services, whether the enterprises are large or small, have vulnerably suffered from COVID Indeed, the costs incurred by the crisis COVID-19, including costs associated with preventive measures and process changes, can be much higher for the business industry The resources are often limited so they often face an abundance of difficulties when trying to access capital Firstly, businesses in the pandemic environment are faced with a number of financial challenges, such as the expense of leasing space, paying employee salaries and benefits, and dealing with debts and past-due loans In reality, the majority of businesses operate out of rented space These leases are typically for one year, two years, or even five to ten years, and firms are typically required to put down a deposit or pay the rent in advance over a period of time However, because both the tenant and the landlord are affected by the Covid-19 outbreak, it is challenging for businesses to reach an agreement to end the lease or lower the rent Businesses are also required to fire workers, but they must uphold the legal rights of those fired A trade-off for small enterprises is having to halt operations in order to stop and manage the outbreak Businesses often lack the reserve funds necessary to pay employees' wages and benefits because they are unable to generate income while incurring significant costs Businesses that are permitted to operate during the quarantines are forced to reduce costs by cutting employee pay and social insurance contributions Many businesses have a strategy in place to reduce costs, which may involve reducing the number of present employees or lowering wage and benefit costs The law must be followed, nonetheless, when work and pay are reduced Enterprises now face challenges in "external" (finding a method to continue operations) and "internal" (addressing a number of internal issues within the organization) Hypothesis 2: The pandemic has both short-term and long-term negative effects on Vietnam tourism The Covid-19 epidemic has negatively impacted all areas of the economy, including Asia's tourism industry In the first months of 2021, visitors from Asia reached 71.6 thousand arrivals, accounting for 88.4% of the total number of international visitors to our country, down 97.4% over the same period the year before Which, visitors from main markets all decreased sharply: China reached nearly 34.1 thousand arrivals, down 96.3% over the same period last year; South Korea 16.9 thousand arrivals, down 97.9%; Taiwan 6.2 thousand arrivals, down 96.8%; Laos 4.3 thousand turns of people, down 88.5%; Japan reached nearly 4.2 thousand arrivals, down 97.9% Visitors from Europe in the first months of 2021 were estimated at 6.1 thousand arrivals, down 99.1%; visitors from the Americas reached nearly 2.2 thousand arrivals, down 99.1%; visitors from Australia reached 590 arrivals, down 99.4%; Visitors from Africa reached 590 arrivals, down 95.1% (General Statistics Office of Vietnam 2021) In particular, the number of international tourists coming to Vietnam as well as domestic tourism has dropped significantly compared to before the epidemic During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam's emerging cities generally experienced a halt in the growth of their tourism industries Numerous lodging, dining, and travel businesses had to temporarily close because of the problems which the Covid-19 outbreak in some areas developed According to Statista, in general, tourism and travel revenue in Vietnam reached VND 4.3 trillion in the first five months of 2021, a decrease of 48.2% from the same period in the year before Many tourism service businesses have had to close or halt operations due to the substantial drop in demand, particularly from foreign tourists Numerous tourism and hospitality-related firms have been forced to close, which has resulted in a significant loss of revenue (to employers, the government, and employees) This also leads to massive unemployment, anxiety, and pressure on society (businesses, employees) Take Can Tho as an example, according to information directly from the Department of Culture, Sports, and Tourism of Can Tho City, compared to the same period in 2019, the revenue of enterprises has drastically reduced More specifically, the revenues of lodging facilities fell by an average of 50% to 90%, while those of restaurants and travel agents fell by 90% and roughly 60–80%, respectively The lodging business is one of those that has been most severely impacted in the whole sector Local hotels and accommodations were under considerable strain during the pandemic's waves This is attributed to the fact that countries are limiting travel due to the spread of disease, and tourism activities must end as well The epidemic scenario in 2020 led to the closure of numerous hotels due to a lack of tourists, insufficient funds for staff salaries, and subsequent cash payments for services For example, in large tourist cities like Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, and Nha Trang, typically, international tourists account for the majority In fact, the international visitors to our country in May 2021 witnessed 13.4 thousand arrivals, down 30.8% over the previous month and down 40.6% over the same period last year Generally, in the first months of 2021, international visitors to our country were estimated at 81,000 arrivals, down 97.8% over the same period last year, of which arrivals by air reached 50.5 thousand arrivals down 98.3%; by road reached 30.3 thousand turns of people, down 94.5%; by sea reached 193 arrivals, down 99.9% (General Statistics Office 2021) Therefore, the domestic market plays a crucial role, while the international tourism market needs a longer time to recover even when the epidemic ends The Covid-19 outbreak also brought a tough year for the hospitality and food service sector This had a significant impact on the operations of the sector A lot of provinces and cities enforced social segregation as a result of the pandemic, which started to spread rapidly in the southern regions at the end of April As a result, the third quarter of 2019's revenue for lodging and food services was only 52.7% of the third quarter of 2020 The estimated revenue from lodging and catering services for the entire year of 2021 is 398 trillion VND, which is a decrease of 19.32% from 2020 In which the revenue from the lodging industry is projected to be 28.2 trillion VND, down 37.94%, while the revenue from the food industry is 369 trillion, falling 17.43% compared to the previous year The food and beverage market in Vietnam was one of the most lucrative in the world in 2019 (ranked 10th in Asia) The UK Department for International Trade published a report from 2018 that predicted that the market demand for food and non-alcoholic beverages in Vietnam will increase by 11.6% between 2018 and 2022 and reach US$40 billion by 2021 However, the COVID-19 pandemic has had many harmful influences on the companies and corporations that supply food and beverages They are harmed mostly as a result of severe supply chain disruptions The sudden COVID-19 pandemic outbreak at the end of 2019 completely upended the food and beverage sector The amount of food consumed at home rose significantly, but consumption outside the home stayed Lockdowns were one of the main causes that happened in most regions of the world during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent the coronavirus's spread The food and beverage industry's supply and value chain, therefore, was severely influenced by the shifts in customer demand and behavior occurring during the pandemic As the supply chain for food was seriously affected by logistical, distribution, and delivery issues, which was a very alarming problem On the other hand, the aviation sector is particularly essential in terms of national security, military, and economic development The global aviation sector was on a very robust development before the COVID-19 epidemic Around the world, the aviation sector generated roughly 65.6 million employment, of which 10.2 million are direct jobs and more than 55 million are indirect jobs that are affected by aviation activity Economic activity totaling $2.7 trillion, or 3.6% of the world's GDP (GDP) The air transport business was the first sector to suffer considerably from the COVID-19 epidemic, which caused significant harm to the global economy The number of domestic and international passengers decreased by 1.38 billion and 1.32 billion, respectively, down 74% and 50% from 2019, and reduced revenue by 250 billion and 120 billion USD, according to the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) report on the state of aviation activities in 2020 Share prices for North American, European, especially Asian Airlines, and other international airlines were severely impacted by the pandemic After China declared the disease outbreak at the end of December 2019, the Asian airlines were the first to suffer in January as there were already concerns about the pandemic In the context of the crisis in the world aviation industry, Vietnam's aviation industry is also not outside the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic In the report on business development in 2020 and the first months of 2021, with the aviation industry, the Ministry of Planning and Investment said that demand for aviation services has fallen sharply as a result of changes in passenger behavior caused by the COVID-19 crisis, travel restrictions, and the following economic crisis According to the sector report in 2020, Vietnam Airlines witnessed a loss of more than 11 trillion VND, while the competitor Vietjet saw only 70 billion VND profit In particular, Vietnam Airlines corporation recorded a plummet in its revenue with over 8.2 trillion VND in Q4 2020 - a 65% decrease compared to the year before This also happened to its potential rival Bamboo Airway, when the company claimed that it could meet the developing target of 2020 (Destination Director 2021) Many airline companies have experienced an uncertain perspective due to the harms of negative demand and supply shock This uncertainty has an impact on the entire aviation sector due to links across industries The third wave of the COVID-19 epidemic broke out during the Tet holiday in 2021, causing the aviation industry's revenue to decrease by 80% compared to the same period in 2020 Air transport is forecasted to continue to face difficulties in 2021 If it is controlled, it will not be until 2024 that the aviation industry can recover to the way it was before the epidemic Vietjet Aviation Joint-stock company currently used to be on the edge of bankruptcy with an outstanding debt of VND, despite the government's VND bailout package not yet reaching commercial banks The government should refrain from extending or granting additional credit limitations to all aviation corporations Despite efforts by private airlines like Vietjet Air and Bamboo Airways to streamline operations, sustain output, and grow their businesses through the transfer of assets in 2020, the operation projection of In 2021, this private airline will still be having problems, and the airlines will spend all of their financial resources to finance air travel The expected shortfall for Vietjet Air's manufacturing and business operations is 10,000 billion VND The International Air Transport Association (IATA) forecasts that the world passenger volume in 2021 will be only 33% compared to 2019 The loss of airlines is estimated to reach 95 billion USD, nearly double compared of the forecast in December 2020 In the short term, the prospects of the aviation industry will not be very bright The speed of recovery depends on how successful countries are in deploying COVID-19 vaccines Hypothesis 3: The COVID-19 pandemic will have a long-run relationship with Vietnam's tourism As many nations continue to reduce or eliminate epidemic prevention and control measures, it is predicted that the global tourism industry will maintain a rebound situation during the entire year 2022 (Geneva 2022) According to a report from the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), in the first quarter of 2022, the world recorded 117 million international visitors, a sharp increase from 41 million in the same period in 2021 This is equivalent to an increase of 118%, but still 61% lower than the same period in 2019 - when the Covid-19 pandemic had not yet broken out In response to the problems caused by the pandemic, the tourism sector has conducted some measures to put many solutions to help job seekers and businesses The government and the prime minister in Vietnam have had many solutions to support the recovery of business activities, such as reduced or free sightseeing at many locations Numerous companies also switched from targeting international markets to concentrating on domestic tourism, emerging as a rescue strategy during the outbreak The program for boosting tourism demand has been introduced by the tourism sector twice: once in May 2020 under the topic "Vietnamese people travel in Vietnam" and once in September 2020 under the theme "Vietnam tourism - a safe and appealing destination." (General Statistics Office 2021) These initiatives have sparked a new movement trend, inspired travelers to find a secure and alluring vacation in Vietnam, and gained good feedback from communities, businesses, and individuals In fact, the domestic tourism market has just recovered in recent months Thanks to these measures, contributions to the process of economic recovery have been made For example, many domestic visitors have experienced and traveled to Vietnam's most popular tourist attractions as well as numerous previously undiscovered locations at a very reasonable cost The reopening of travel firms, the activation of entertainment venues, and retail activities all result in the creation of jobs for a certain number of people This can keep small companies operating and stimulate the local economy, limiting the adverse effects of the pandemic on the economy until international cooperation can be secured To overcome financial difficulties after the pandemic, the authors have consulted and proposed some solutions as follows Some inefficient businesses have chosen to carry out procedures to suspend business operations for a certain period of time to reduce tax and invoice costs, while other businesses gradually switch to adapt to the situation Many businesses began to realize that the pandemic could not end soon, and determined that they needed to be flexible in order to adapt and survive, restructure, streamline their hierarchy towards mergers or eliminate unnecessary departments Furthermore, many of them have developed a plan to correspond with the situation of the enterprise by dismissing employees due to restructuring reasons or transferring employees to other jobs with minimum wage 85% of the salary at the old job In addition, some businesses change the form of direct work to work from home (WFH) and negotiate on salary when WFH or negotiate on late payment of wages These options can help businesses reduce the burden of salary costs and operating costs Tourism kinds and locations that focus on resorts, relaxation, beauty, and health care are increasingly in demand among travelers who want to rehabilitate physically and mentally New tourism goods must therefore adapt to the evolving needs of travelers When visitors decide to stay, open space will be one of their top considerations In order to accommodate changing needs, lodging facilities must also think about modernizing resort spaces Travel agencies must also provide daytime short tours or locations in response to demand from guests at lodging facilities in order to increase convenience for independent visitors In order to produce package tours with lower rates and lower costs for travelers, travel companies must also collaborate with transportation and lodging providers Limitations of the Study: The study has aimed to present both theoretical and practical implications for the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourist business in a developing nation environment, however, demerits are unavoidable and require feasible solutions in future research As far as the researchers’ budget is considered, the only possible data source available is secondary data The sample size of this investigation may not be indicative of the whole tourist sector in Vietnam Still, it may give fascinating suggestions for further research in other countries where tourism businesses may have seen many COVID-19 waves Furthermore, the efficiency of government policy reactions to the tourist industry's survival and revival may be examined during and after the epidemic Finally, prospective research may include investigating important elements and players influencing local tourism endurance during the crisis 10 Conclusions: In this research, we investigated the consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic on Vietnam's tourist economy, and feasible strategies for recovery had been recommended The study discovered that the degrees of influence on local tourism destinations were different and varied among the four COVID-19 waves The pandemic's impact on the studied case study has generally produced a diverse range of detrimental impacts in tourist locations, including a heavy loss in tourism revenue, a subsequent decrease in both national and international visitor numbers, insufficiency of destination extortion capacity, a temporary or long-term shutdown of tourist industry services, and the growing unemployment rates The pandemic affected all tourism industries, ranging from significant to extremely serious with regard to the level of effects In response to the pandemic, the proactive measures initiated by the tourism enterprises were found to be effective, whereas financial solutions from the government were supposed to be critical but inefficient for local tourism revitalization The effective measures reported by the local businesses included promoting the exploitation of the domestic tourist market, developing new products, ensuring safety for employees and tourists, developing quality tourism human resources, service price reduction, organizing a number of tourism-stimulating events with a focus of motivating tourists, implementing capital support policies for each sector of the businesses, prioritizing domestic tourism recovery, ensuring hygiene at tourist sites and destinations and promoting the application of information technology in promoting destination images In general, the staged model applied for crisis management during the second and third waves of COVID-19 in Vietnam has been successful These findings indicated that effective collaboration among all key stakeholders might contribute to alleviating the impacts of the pandemic The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourist business in Vietnam were examined using two data sources from governmental agencies, as well as interviews performed by the researcher in early 2021 The findings of this study's non-parametric test approach show a significant change in Vietnam's tourist business before and after the epidemic Tourism indices (such as tourist numbers, income, and employment rate) had a tendency of falling in comparison to the pre-pandemic era As a result, the tourist industry's overall economic efficiency has decreased, as has its role in national economic growth The data also reveals a negative association between the number of confirmed cases and the number of tourists who travel As more concerns are detected, the number of persons going drops owing to psychological reasons, the anxiety of disease outbreak issues, and country-specific border closure measures However, due to restricted statistical data sources, the statistics only reveal that the number of diseases is inversely associated with the number of tourists in a month in the correlation study With enough numbers and time, the writer thinks that the study will adequately represent the consequences of the epidemic on Vietnam's tourist business and will benefit the industry Authorities have created regulations to respond to the pandemic's intricate developments in a proactive and timely manner Furthermore, the author felt that merging interview data with statistics was vital during the study process The interviews provided the writers with enough solutions to restore Vietnam's tourist business practically and efficiently following COVID-19 We presented various sets of measures to assist the tourist sector to revive after the crisis based on data analysis and interaction with experts and workers These strategies address the following issues: a healthy tourism ecosystem, tourism market expansion, marketing plan in a modern setting, digitalization in tourism, human capital development, systems on enabling procedures and regulations, and sustainable tourism toward green growth As the COVID-19 epidemic continues to have complex repercussions both globally and in Vietnam, it possibly takes 2-3 years for Vietnam's tourism sector, if not longer, to fully recover Nevertheless, the government is resolute to confront the epidemic, and an agreement on the growth of the tourist sector has been reached by the stakeholders, as well as the logical use of well-founded restoration measures for the full and speedy recovery of Vietnam's tourism business 11 Structure - of Thesis Report Title page Summary - Table of content Introduction Background information Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusion Recommendations References 12 References Bernard, H.R (2017), Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 6th ed., Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, Maryland Churski, P., Kroczak, H., Łuczak, M., Shelest-Szumilas, O and Woźniak, M., 2021 Adaptation Strategies of Migrant Workers from Ukraine during the COVID-19 Pandemic Sustainability, 13(15), p.8337 Hallaj, Z., Bijani, M., Abbasi, E., Valizadeh, N and Mohammadi, M., 2022 Tourism Development During the Pandemic of Coronavirus (COVID-19): Evidence From Iran Frontiers in Public Health, [online] 10 Available at: [Accessed October 2022] Ha, T., 2022 Travel revenue decreased sharply due to the Covid-19 epidemic [online] General Statistics Office of Vietnam Available at: [Accessed October 2022] Higgins-Desbiolles, F., 2020 Socializing tourism for social and ecological justice after COVID-19 Tourism Geographies, 22(3), pp.610-623 Jiang, Y and Ritchie, B., 2017 Disaster collaboration in tourism: Motives, impediments and success factors Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31, pp.70-82 Kim Anh, L., 2022 The impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on Vietnam's tourism industry [online] Tap chi Cong Thuong Available at: [Accessed October 2022] Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, 2021 Tourism is the economic sector hardest hit by the Covid-19 pandemic [online] Available at: [Accessed October 2022] Ministry of Health, 2021 COVID-19 developments Available at: https://ncov.moh.gov.vn/vi/web/guest/dong-thoi-gian> [Accessed October 2022] < Nguyen, D., 2022 Restoring the tourism industry in conditions of safe, flexible, adaptation, and effective control of the COVID-19 epidemic Tapchicongsan.org.vn Available at: [Accessed October 2022] Saunders, M., Lewis, P., and Thornhill, A., 2019 Saunders, Research Methods for Business Students, 8/E Pearson.com Available at: Silverman, D., 2009 Doing Qualitative Research SAGE Publications Ltd Unwto.org 2022 Tourism and COVID-19: Leading Tourism Recovery | UNWTO [online] Available at: [Accessed 30 September 2022] Vietnam Social Security, 2021 Covid-19 caused times more losses for the Asia-Pacific tourism industry [online] Available at: [Accessed October 2022] Vu, H., Nguyen, A., Nguyen, N and Tran, D., 2022 Impacts and restoration strategy of the tourism industry post-COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Vietnam Journal of Tourism Futures Zenker, S., Braun, E and Gyimóthy, S., 2021 Too afraid to Travel? Development of a Pandemic (COVID-19) Anxiety Travel Scale (PATS) Tourism Management, [online] 84, p.104286 Available at:  ... result, the research makes more steps in updating data on both supply and demand in this industry 3.3 Objectives: The main objective of the study is to examine the impact of the COVID- 19 pandemic and. .. examine the causal relationship between the COVID- 19 lockdown and the downturn of the tourism sector in Vietnam Estimate the short-term and long-term effects of the COVID- 19 pandemic on tourism in. .. the first wave of the COVID- 19 pandemic, Vietnam' s emerging cities generally experienced a halt in the growth of their tourism industries Numerous lodging, dining, and travel businesses had to