Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 502 Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), 74 Pathologic fractures, 1177 Pathways (clinical) development, –8 measuring improvement, quality improvement theory for, Pedialyte, 156 Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) principles, 44 bradycardia algorithm, 59 f cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 44 pulseless arrest algorithm, 60 f tachycardia with pulses and poor perfusion algorithm, 61 f Pediatric airway management devices, 41 protocols for, 40 –41 supraglottic airways, 41 Pediatric Appendicitis Risk Calculator (pARC), 1292 Pediatric Appendicitis Score, 1239 t, 1291 Pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) circulation to skin, 23 general appearance, 22 work of breathing, 22 –23 Pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest, 44 common cardiac rhythms of, 45 , 57 t Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN), , 1231 Pediatric fractures anteroposterior, 1172 f avulsion, 1173 bone, anatomy/physiology of, 1171 bowing, 1173 femur, diagrammatic representation of, 1171 f greenstick, 1172 –1173 physeal, 1171 –1172 , 1172 f principles/properties of, 1171 Salter–Harris classification, 1172 f