I Discomfort caused by identifiable illness A Head and neck Meningitis a Skull fracture/subdural hematoma a Glaucoma Foreign body (especially eyelash) in eye b Corneal abrasion b Otitis media b Caffey disease (infantile cortical hyperostosis) Child abuse a B Gastrointestinal Aerophagia (improper feeding/burping technique) Gastroenteritis b Gastrointestinal surgical emergency (e.g., volvulus) a Anal fissure b Constipation b Cow’s milk protein intolerance Gastroesophageal reflux/esophagitis C Cardiovascular Congestive heart failure a Supraventricular tachycardia a Coarctation of the aorta a Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery a D Genitourinary Torsion of the testis Incarcerated hernia a Urinary tract infection E Integumentary Burn Strangulated finger, toe, penis (hair tourniquet) F Musculoskeletal Child abuse a Extremity fracture Musculoskeletal infection (septic joint or osteomyelitis) a G Toxic/metabolic Drugs: antihistamines, atropinics, adrenergics, cocaine (including passive inhalation), aspirin a Metabolic acidosis, hypernatremia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia a Pertussis vaccine reactions Prenatal/perinatal drug exposure/withdrawal