15 This article summarizes studies on markers of genetic susceptibility involved in the development of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, and also focuses on the molecular mimicry mediated by the responses of B and T cells of peripheral blood, and T cells infiltrating heart lesions, against streptococcal antigens and human tissue proteins The molecular basis of Tcell recognition is assessed through the definition of heart cross-reactive antigens Tandon R, Sharma M, Chandrashekhar Y, et al Revisiting the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever and carditis Nat Rev Cardiol 2013;10:171–177 This article provides an alternate hypothesis for pathogenesis of rheumatic fever The authors have questioned the likelihood of existence of molecular mimicry between the host tissues and the microorganism Their hypothesis shared similarity with collagen involvement in Goodpasture syndrome and Alport syndrome, although this hypothesis alone may not be able to explain all nuances of the pathogenesis of rheumatic fever Veasy LG, Tani LY A new look at acute rheumatic mitral regurgitation Cardiol Young 2005;15:568–577 The authors discuss the role of the pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium in the clinical presentation of rheumatic carditis In the light of past clinical experience, and the current knowledge of mitral valvar function and structure, the authors analyze the supporting evidence for the newer understanding of the acute mitral regurgitation Stollerman GH Rheumatic fever Lancet 1997;349:935–942 The unchanged pattern of rheumatic fever regarding the clinical profile, diagnostic criteria, clinical management, and prophylactic approach is reviewed in parallel with the analysis of changes in epidemiologic aspects of rheumatic fever, besides the variable pattern of severity of the disease and its sequels among diverse populations The authors emphasize the importance of an early diagnosis and the prospects for a vaccine Gerber MA, Baltimore RS, Eaton CB, et al Prevention of rheumatic fever and diagnosis and treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association rheumatic fever, endocarditis, and kawasaki disease committee of the council on cardiovascular disease in the young, the interdisciplinary council on functional genomics and translational biology, and the interdisciplinary council on quality of care and outcomes research: endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics Circulation 2009;119(11):1541–1551 This statement from American Heart Association, endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics, provides new recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of tonsillopharyngitis caused by group A beta hemolytic streptococci It also defines guidelines for secondary prevention of rheumatic fever and classifies the strength of the recommendations and level of evidence supporting them Cilliers AM Treating acute rheumatic fever Br Med J 2003;327:631–632 Cilliers AM, Manyemba J, Saloojee H Antiinflammatory treatment for carditis in acute rheumatic fever Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(2) [CD003176] Randomized trials describing cardiac outcomes in patients treated with several corticosteroid agents, aspirin, intravenous immunoglobulin, and placebo were analyzed in a Cochrane review The results of the comparative analysis did not demonstrate evidence of one therapy to ... outcomes research: endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics Circulation 2009;119(11):1541–1551 This statement from American Heart Association, endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics, provides new recommendations for