vagina, and cervix Nodules on the perianal skin Rare involvement of the uterus or ovaries Central nervous system S japonicum (brain); S mansoni, S hematobium (spinal cord) Dermatitis Larvae of nonhuman schistosomal species Serology; can help with speciation, but cannot differentiate ongoing infection, recent infection, or past infection Myopathy, motor and Serology; can help sensory deficits, cord with speciation, transection with but cannot paraparesis differentiate ongoing infection, recent infection, or past infection Swimmer’s itch; difficult Skin biopsy to differentiate demonstrating clinically from other larvae causes of dermatitis