hemodynamic variables in, 240–242, 241b in hepatic veins, 244 historical background in, 237 in inferior vena cava, 244 in internal jugular veins, 244 in left atrium, 249 in left ventricle, 250 in left ventricular outflow tract, 250 in mitral valve, 250 other congenital considerations for, 251–252 potential adverse events in, 239 premedication in, 239 preprocedure considerations for, 238 in pulmonary arteries, 247–248 in pulmonary valve, 247 in pulmonary vascular bed, 248–249 in pulmonary veins, 249 quality control in, 239 recommendations for, 238–239 class I, 238 class IIA, 238 summary of, 238–239 in right and left innominate vein, 244, 244f in right atrium, 244–245 in right ventricle, 246–247 in right ventricular outflow tract, 246–247 safety in, 239 sedation in, 239 single ventricle/Fontan physiology in, 251 in superior vena cava, 244, 245f in systemic arteries, 251 in systemic veins, 243–244 in tricuspid valve apparatus, 246 vascular access in, 239 wires for, 240 Diagnostic imaging, 317–333 Diastolic dysfunction, in diagnostic catheterization, 250 Diastolic function, abnormalities of cardiopulmonary interactions in, 1183 preserved systolic function with, 1179 Diastolic maturation, developmental changes in, 96 Diet, cardiovascular risk factors and, 425 DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome, 1410–1411, 1411t Digital volume pulse, 1366, 1366f Digoxin for atrial tachyarrhythmias, 138, 139t for chronic heart failure, 1199 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DC), 1146b, 1155–1159, 1426 autosomal dominant, 1155 cardiac catheterization in, 1158 chest radiography in, 1157 clinical features of, 1157–1158 clinical outcomes of, 1155, 1156f definition of, 1155 echocardiography in, 1157–1158, 1158f electrocardiography in, 1157, 1157f epidemiology of, 1155 etiology of, 1155–1156 exercise testing in, 1158 familial, 1155 magnetic resonance imaging in, 1158 management of, 1158–1159 pathology of, 1156, 1156f pathophysiology of, 1156–1157 X-linked, 1156 Dilation, in Kawasaki disease, 983 Dinamap devices for blood pressure measurement, 1116 Direct fetal treatment, for atrial tachyarrhythmias, 140 Direct to consumer telemedicine, 1556 Discharge in Fontan pathway, 1295–1296 in Kawasaki syndrome, 993 planning, with team providing care, in ambulatory setting and “medical home,”, 1487–1494 Disconnection, consequences of, 1488–1493 Discontinuation of devices ethical considerations in determining time of, 1474 ethical issues and, 1472–1474 Discontinuous pulmonary arteries, in diagnostic catheterization, 248 Disharmonious segmental arrangements, congenitally corrected transposition and, 701 Disposition, 1429 Distal aortopulmonary window, fifth arch artery versus, 907–908, 908f Distensibility, arterial stiffness and, 1362t Distribution, 1429 Diuretics for chronic heart failure, 1199 for dilated cardiomyopathy, 1158 for hemodynamically significant arterial duct, 198 for hypertension, 1139–1140, 1140t Dividing crest, 86, 86f DNA, of cardiomyocyte, 67 Dobutamine for hypotension and circulatory collapse, in prematurity, 204 stress echocardiography using, 398 Donation after circulatory death (DCD), 1476–1477 Dopamine for acute circulatory failure, 1184t