Organism Region Vibrio cholerae Tropics Incubation period 1–3 Azithromycin (20 Particularly days mg/kg as a single South Asia, Painless voluminous dose; maximum Southeast dose: g) watery (rice-water) Asia, and diarrhea without Africa abdominal cramps or fever Complications include dehydration, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, hypovolemic shock, coma, seizures, and death Worldwide Incubation period 10 Azithromycin (6–20 hrs–6 days mg/kg/day for 1–5 days; maximum Enteropathic and daily dose: 1,000– enterotoxigenic: 1,500 mg) or self-limited to fluoroquinolones watery diarrhea with (e.g., ciprofloxacin abdominal cramps 15 mg/kg twice Shiga-toxin producing daily for days; (STEC): maximum: 500 hemorrhagic colitis mg/dose); —bloody or rifaximin (200 mg nonbloody stool tid × days) can be Enteroinvasive: bloody used in children or nonbloody ≥12 yo diarrhea with fever Administration of Enteroaggregative: antibiotics to watery and children with occasionally bloody STEC infection is diarrhea controversial E coli Clinical manifestations Treatment