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2016;35(10):1185–1195.) The underlying diagnoses prior to transplantation have changed over time In infants younger than 1 year of age, congenital heart disease has remained the most common underlying diagnosis, although the proportion of infant recipients with cardiomyopathy has almost doubled over time to almost 40% in the most recent era (Fig 67.4) Cardiomyopathy remains the main diagnosis among the older age groups (Figs 67.5 to 67.7) Indications for transplantation also show geographic variation, with congenital heart disease and retransplantation both more common in North America compared with Europe and the rest of the world (Fig 67.8).2 FIG 67.4 Diagnosis in recipients of heart transplantation during childhood aged less than 1 year CHD, Congenital heart disease; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy (From the registry of the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation J Heart Lung Transplant 2016;35(10):1185–1195.) FIG 67.5 Diagnosis in recipients of heart transplantation aged from 1 to 5 years CHD, Congenital heart disease; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy (From the registry of the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation J Heart Lung Transplant 2016;35(10):1185–1195.) FIG 67.6 Diagnosis in recipients of heart transplantation aged from 6 to 10 years CHD, Congenital heart disease; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy (From the registry of the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation J Heart Lung Transplant 2016;35(10):1185–1195.) FIG 67.7 Diagnosis in recipients of heart transplantation aged from 11 to 17 years CHD, Congenital heart disease; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy (From the registry of the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation J Heart Lung Transplant 2016;35(10):1185–1195.)