TABLE 61.1 CAUSES OF ACUTE SCROTAL SWELLING Painful scrotal swelling Torsion of testis Torsion of appendage of testis Epididymitis Orchitis Trauma—hematocele, hematoma, epididymitis, testicular rupture Hernia—incarcerated Tumor a —acute hemorrhage Painless scrotal swelling Hydrocele Hernia Varicocele Spermatocele Idiopathic scrotal edema Henoch–Schönlein purpura a (can be painful) Kawasaki disease a (can be painful) Testis tumor a Antenatal torsion of the testis a Life-threatening causes