Psychosomatic disorders, 1442 Psychotic disorders, 94 –95 Pubertal gynecomastia, 115 Puerperal (lactational) mastitis, 113 Pulmonary aspiration, 572 Pulmonary CF exacerbation, 946 –947 Pulmonary contusions, 1279 f clinical assessment, 1278 –1279 clinical recognition, 1278 disposition, 1279 evidences, 1278 management, 1279 triage, 1278 Pulmonary edema, 954 –956 , 955 f, 956 t Pulmonary effusions, 910 Pulmonary embolism (PE), 948 , 951 –953 , 952 t–953 t Pulmonary emergencies acute respiratory failure, 936 –940 , 937 t–939 t aspiration pneumonia, 943 –944 asthma, 940 –942 bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 944 –945 , 945 f cystic fibrosis, 946 –949 , 948 t emergency therapy, goals of, 936 interstitial lung disease, 962 , 962 t obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), 960 –962 , 962 f pleuritis/pleural effusion, 956 –959 , 957 t, 958 f pulmonary edema, 954 –956 , 955 f, 956 t pulmonary embolism (PE), 951 –953 , 952 t–953 t pulmonary hemorrhage, 949 –950 sarcoidosis, 959 –960 , 960 f Pulmonary hemorrhage, 574 , 577 , 949 –950 , 997 –998 Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), 595 Pulpal therapy, 1107 Pulseless electrical activity, 58 –59 Pulse oximetry, 24 , 34 , 40 , 48 –49 , 65 , 105 , 123 , 141 , 144 , 228 –230 , 234 , 317 , 373 , 426 , 487 , 488 t, 526 , 576 –577 , 885 , 907 , 939 , 945 , 961 , 1030 –1031 Pulsus paradoxus, 485 Punched out gingiva, 1316 f Pupillary reactivity, unequal, 186 –187 Pupils, unequal, 183 f causes common, 184 t life-threatening, 184 t differential diagnosis, 184 t evaluation and decision, 182 –187 pathophysiology, 182 Purulent exudate, 190 Pus perforates bone, 1313 Pustular psoriasis, 454 , 469 Pustular rashes, 458 –459 Pustules, 454 , 454 f Pyelonephritis, 202 , 384 t Pyloric stenosis, 504 , 1302 –1303 , 1303 f evidences, 1302 initial assessment, 1302 management, 1302 –1303 treatment goals, 1302 Pyogenic granulomas, 650 , 1317 –1318 Pyomyositis, 560 Pyridostigmine (Mestinon), 895 Pyridoxine, 497 –498 Pyuria, 411 , 530 Q Quality and safety, of pediatric emergency medicine cognitive error, evidence and practice, –5 indicators of, t team communication and coordination behaviors, Quality improvement theory, Quality metrics, in pediatric sepsis, 82 Quetiapine, for schizophrenia, 1442 Quinolones, 438 , 1114 R Rabies, 845 –846 Radial head and neck fractures, 1189 –1190 Radial head subluxation, 1191 , 1374 –1375 Radiation doses, 701 t types of, 700 t Radiation injury, 931 management and diagnostic studies external contamination, 705 –706 internal contamination, 704 –705 , 700 t radiation amounts of, 700 –701 contamination, 704 international units, 700 t recognition, 701 –704 types, 700 , 700 t treatment, goals of, 699 –700 triage considerations, 704 Radiculopathy, 249 Ramsay Hunt syndrome, 157 , 389 Ranulas, 350 , 351 f, 1317 Rapid sequence intubation (RSI), 36 Ratbite fever, 721 Raynaud phenomenon (RP), 999 Reactive cervical adenopathy, 1349 Reactive lymphadenopathy, 309 Real-time viscoelastic testing, 1086 Rectal bleeding anorectal manometry, 1305 causes of, 1305 f colonoscopy, 1306 fissures, 1305 juvenile polyps, 1305 –1306 , 1306 f Meckel diverticulum, 1306 , 1306 f treatment goals, 1305 Rectal disimpaction, 132 Rectal prolapse, 1356 , 1356 f Rectal thermometry, 194 Red-brown lesions, 445 Red cell aplasia, 419 Red cell distribution width (RDW), 423 Red eye, 171 f–172 f common causes of, 171 t evaluation and decision, 170 –174 diagnostic, 172 f life-threatening causes of, 171 t pathophysiology, 170 systemic conditions associated with, 171 t Referred ear pain, 393 Reflex neurovascular dystrophy (RND), 1378 Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), 1378 See also Complex regional pain syndrome type (CRPS1) Refractory shock, 72 Regional nerve blocks, 1129 Reiter syndrome, 383 t Remifentanil, 39 Renal and electrolyte emergencies acid–base homeostasis, disorders of goals of treatment, 976 metabolic acidosis, 976 –978 , 977 t metabolic alkalosis, 978 , 978 t acute kidney injury, 978 –980 intrinsic causes, 980 –985 calcium homeostasis, disorders of goals of treatment, 974 hypercalcemia, 975 –976 hypocalcemia, 974 –975 , 975 t chronic kidney disease, 987 –989 , 988 t emergency care, goals of, 965 hypovolemia and dehydration clinical considerations, 966 –969 estimated deficits and intravenous therapy, 967 t–968 t evidences, 965 –966 ... of pediatric emergency medicine cognitive error, evidence and practice, –5 indicators of, t team communication and coordination behaviors, Quality improvement theory, Quality metrics, in pediatric. .. hypercalcemia, 975 –976 hypocalcemia, 974 –975 , 975 t chronic kidney disease, 987 –989 , 988 t emergency care, goals of, 965 hypovolemia and dehydration clinical considerations, 966 –969 estimated