Still disease, 1012 Stooling pattern of children, 127 Stool lubricants, 132 Stool odors, 338 Storz C-MAC, 38 Strabismus causes of common, 179 t life-threatening, 179 t definition, 175 differential diagnosis, 178 t evaluation of horizontal, 179 f vertical, 180 f with intact eye muscle function, 176 pathophysiology, 175 –176 Strawberry tongue, 456 , 528 Streptococcal infection, 897 Streptococcal pharyngitis, 358 , 396 , 512 , 570 Streptococcal vaginitis, 752 Streptococcus agalactiae , 1349 Streptococcus infections, 308 Streptococcus mutans , 1313 Streptococcus pneumoniae , 202 , 223 , 328 , 391 –392 , 479 , 543 , 572 , 1320 –1322 , 1360 , 1385 , 1396 Streptococcus pyogenes , 391 , 475 , 543 , 1395 Streptococcus sobrinus , 1313 Stress-dose corticosteroids, 84 Stridor, 479 , 487 , 574 afebrile child with acute onset of, 514 , 516 –517 causes by anatomic location, 514 t common, 514 t life-threatening, 514 t chronic, 514 –515 diagnostic approach to, 515 f differential diagnosis, 513 –515 evaluation and decision, 515 –517 febrile child with, 513 , 516 functional, 515 pathophysiology, 513 psychogenic, 515 Strimmer dermatitis, 436 Stroke, 120 Structural heart disease, 519 –520 Sturge–Weber syndrome, 1351 Subarachnoid hemorrhages, 270 , 325 , 1258 , 1382 Subconjunctival hemorrhage, 174 , 174 f Subcutaneous fat necrosis, 463 Subdermal hormonal implant, 766 Subdural and epidural hematomas, 119 Subdural empyema, 1389 –1390 Subdural hematoma (SDH), 270 Subdural hemorrhage, 1257 Subgaleal hematomas, 269 Subluxation, defined, 1107 Submental lymphadenitis (lymphadenopathy), 1347 Submersion injury, 680 Subungual foreign body, 1344 Subungual hematomas, 1145 , 1344 Succinylcholine, 39 , 39 t Sudden cardiac death (SCD), 609 –610 , 611 f Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 102 –103 , 522 Sudden sniffing death, 1079 Suicide attempts, 1434 –1437 adolescent, 1434 t–1437 t childhood, 1435 t–1437 t clinical recognition, 1435 –1437 emergency evaluation, goals of, 1434 –1435 prevention, 1437 t Sulfasalazine, 1015 Sulfonamides, 452 Sumatriptan succinate (Imitrex), 887 Superficial burns, 1096 , 1097 f Superficial cervical nodes, 307 Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome, 164 , 314 –315 , 906 Supernumerary breasts (polymastia), 113 Supernumerary nipples (polythelia), 113 Suppurative labyrinthitis, 1322 Suppurative mastoiditis, 1322 Suppurative thyroiditis, acute, 1348 Supraglotittis, 478 Supraglottic airways (SGAs), 41 Supratentorial masses, 907 Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), 424 –425 , 502 , 520 Surface lesions granuloma annulare, 1353 –1354 , 1354 f infantile hemangiomas, 1352 , 1352 f juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), 1354 , 1354 f keloid/hypertrophic scar, 1354 , 1355 f lipoma, 1352 –1353 lumbosacral lesions, 1355 , 1355 f lymphatic malformations, 1351 –1352 neurofibroma, 1354 occult spinal dysraphism, 1355 perineal lesions, 1356 pilomatricomas, 1353 port-wine stains, 1351 pyogenic granuloma, 1353 salmon patches, 1351 spinal dysraphism, cutaneous manifestations of, 1355 –1356 Sturge–Weber syndrome, 1351 umbilical granuloma, 1353 vascular malformations, 1351 –1356 Swallowing, 510 See also Dysphagia anatomy and physiology, 376 dysfunction, 376 , 378 , 382 testing for, 380 –381 Sweaty feet syndrome, 335 Swinging flashlight test, 187 Sydenham chorea, 897 –898 Sympathetic innervation, 182 Symphyseal, 1109 Symptomatic seizure, 881 Synchronous cardioversion, 58 Syncope, 882 autonomic, 518 cardiac, 518 –520 causes, 519 t clinical evaluation, 521 –523 ambulatory ECG (Holter) monitoring, 523 cardiovascular testing, 523 diagnostic approach, 521 f echocardiography, 523 electrocardiogram (ECG), 522 –523 , 523 t exercise stress testing, 523 head-upright tilt table test (HUTT), 523 neuroimaging, 523 sequence of events, 521 –522 conditions that mimic syncope, 520 –521 definition, 518 drug induced, 521 epileptic seizure and, 520 orthostatic hypotension and, 520 psychogenic causes of, 520 treatment, 523 –524 conditions that require hospitalization, 524 t Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion, 670 –671 Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 2012, 1074 , 1079 Syphilis, 312 , 468 Systemic antimicrobial therapy, 1342 Systemic corticosteroids, inner ear injury, 1115 Systemic infectious emergencies, 804 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 75 , 196 , 500 Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 997 , 1012 –1013 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 120 , 190 , 235 , 302 , 402 , 406 , 449 , 990 –999 clinical assessment, 994 –995 ... 1434 –1437 adolescent, 1434 t–1437 t childhood, 1435 t–1437 t clinical recognition, 1435 –1437 emergency evaluation, goals of, 1434 –1435 prevention, 1437 t Sulfasalazine, 1015 Sulfonamides,