assessing pulmonary vascular resistance, which cannot be accurately discerned noninvasively and can become of considerable concern depending on the patient anatomy It may also help to better define the coronary artery anatomy and small anomalous extracardiac vascular anomalies that would otherwise be difficult to identify Catheterization is also a valuable tool to gather additional physiologic information when a patient's clinical course is not consistent with their diagnosis Like echocardiography, angiography provides 2D information However, it is invasive, requires sedation or general anesthesia, and exposes the patient to ionizing radiation Annotated References Jenkins KJ Congenital heart defects: amazing advances and ongoing challenges J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69(22):2733–2734 Editorial discussing the successes of the management of congenital heart disease from four decades of data, published by Larsen et al of the Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark This is a summary of the article with additional discussion Feltes TF, Bacha E, Beekman RH III, et al Indications for cardiac catheterization and intervention in pediatric cardiac disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Circulation 2011;123:2607–2652 Scientific statement from the American Heart Association with indications for cardiac catheterization, as well as the classification categories of the evidence Allen HD, Beekman RH, Garson A Jr, et al Pediatric therapeutic cardiac catheterization A statement for healthcare professionals from the council on cardiovascular disease in young, American Heart Association Circulation 1998;97:609–625 Initial scientific statement from the American Heart Association, published in 1998, with guidelines for catheterization and classification categories of the evidence Armsby LB, Vincent RN, Foerster SR, et al Task force 3: pediatric cardiology fellowship training in cardiac catheterization Endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Circulation 2015;131:1–13 A statement that outlines key components that should be included in interventional cardiology training This includes metrics used to assess quality; participation in quality improvement projects with mentorship; and participation in the quality process, which includes peer review, the morbidity and mortality (M&M) conference, and appropriate data registries Hill KD, Frush DP, Han K, et al Radiation safety in children with congenital and acquired heart disease: a scientific position statement on multimodality dose optimization from the image gently alliance JACC Cardiovasc Imaging.2017;10(7):797–818 Imaging recommendations for pediatric patients with congenital or acquired heart disease, to achieve appropriate quality of the study at the lowest achievable radiation dose Also a ... for catheterization and classification categories of the evidence Armsby LB, Vincent RN, Foerster SR, et al Task force 3: pediatric cardiology fellowship training in cardiac catheterization Endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and... catheterization, as well as the classification categories of the evidence Allen HD, Beekman RH, Garson A Jr, et al Pediatric therapeutic cardiac catheterization A statement for healthcare professionals from the... Feltes TF, Bacha E, Beekman RH III, et al Indications for cardiac catheterization and intervention in pediatric cardiac disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Circulation