Historical finding Significance Past medical history Genetics Aneuploidy Connective tissue disorder Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) Syndrome with dysmorphic features Trisomy 21: atrioventricular canal defects, ASD, VSD, PDA, and TOF Turner syndrome: coarctation of the aorta, aortic valve stenosis, left ventricular hypertrophy Marfan syndrome: mitral valve prolapse, aortic root dilation, aortic insufficiency Most IEM types are associated with a specific type of cardiomyopathy due to infiltration of cardiac myocytes with stored substrate, impaired energy production, and/or production of a toxic metabolite DiGeorge Velocardiofacial syndrome