Conclusions Important technological advances over the past few years have enabled 3DE to emerge as a modality that provides additive value in managing patients with congenitally malformed hearts We anticipate that, with continuing improvements in hardware and software, 3DE will become, in the near future, an integral part of all standard echocardiographic examinations Annotated References Von Ramm OT, Smith SW Real time volumetric ultrasound imaging system J Digit Imaging 1990;3:261–266 The original description of a 3DE imaging system Simpson JM Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography of congenital heart disease using a high frequency paediatric matrix transducer Eur J Echocardiogr 2007;9:222– 224 The original description of the pediatric 3DE transthoracic transducer Bruckheimer E, Rotschild C, Dagan T, et al Computer-generated real-time digital holography: first time use in clinical medical imaging Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;17(8):845–849 Description of the use of digital holography to visualize 3D echocardiograms Simpson J, Lopez L, Acar P, et al Threedimensional echocardiography in congenital heart disease: an expert consensus document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017;30(1):1–27 The consensus view of experts on the use of 3DE in pediatric and congenital heart defects Lang RM, Badano LP, Tsang W, et al EAE/ASE recommendations for image acquisition and display using three-dimensional echocardiography J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2012;25(1):3–46 A document detailing the consensus of experts on the use of 3DE in adults Shimada YJ, Shiota T A meta-analysis and investigation for the source of bias of left ventricular volumes and function by threedimensional echocardiography in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging Am J Cardiol 2011;107:126–138 This meta-analysis demonstrated that measurements of volume obtained by 3DE tend to underestimate those obtained using MRI, particularly in patients with congenital heart disease Bell A, Rawlins D, Bellsham-Revell H, et al Assessment of right ventricular volumes in hypoplastic left heart syndrome by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging ... using a high frequency paediatric matrix transducer Eur J Echocardiogr 2007;9:222– 224 The original description of the pediatric 3DE transthoracic transducer Bruckheimer E, Rotschild C, Dagan T, et al Computer-generated real-time digital... Society of Echocardiography J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017;30(1):1–27 The consensus view of experts on the use of 3DE in pediatric and congenital heart defects Lang RM, Badano LP, Tsang W, et al EAE/ASE recommendations for image acquisition and