Congenital anomalies Cleft palate Laryngotracheomalacia Laryngeal or tracheal webs Tracheoesophageal fistula Vascular ring Pulmonary sequestration Miscellaneous Gastroesophageal reflux Congestive heart failure Swallowing dysfunction Granulomatous diseases (e.g., pulmonary tuberculosis) Vasculitis (e.g., Wegener granulomatosis) Psychogenic cough Foreign body in otic canal Medications (e.g., angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) Typically, the onset of cough with rhinorrhea suggests a viral URI or bronchiolitis However, if a child with an apparent URI becomes more ill or has persistent symptoms, secondary bacterial infections in the lungs or sinuses, pertussis, as well as noninfectious etiologies should be considered TABLE 19.2 COMMON CAUSES OF COUGH Upper respiratory infection Sinusitis Laryngotracheitis (croup) Bronchiolitis Acute bronchitis Pneumonia Allergic rhinitis Reactive airway disease