FILE 20220724 174339 WRITING TASK 2 IDEA VOCABULARY (1)

IDEAS AND VOCABULARY FOR WRITING TASK Compiled by Minh Trang EDUCATION MIỄN HỌC PHÍ = abolish tuition fees = waive tuition = cover higher education tuition = tuition waiver (1 dạng hộc bổng) miễn học phí = free-college policy (n) sách miễn học phí đại học = provision of free-of-charge education = pursue college without fee = be entitled to free university = subsidize college education: hỗ trợ học phí đại học = wholly subsidize tertiary education = make university free of charge = abolition of university tuition: miễn học phí đại học TIỂU HỌC: elementary/primary/grade school ĐẠI HỌC: University education = higher education = college = tertiary education = educational institution (cơ sở giáo dục, mẫu giáo tiểu học đến đại học) BẰNG ĐẠI HỌC: University degree = bachelor’s degree = college qualification = tertiary degree SINH VIÊN TỐT NGHIỆP: university graduates = bachelor’s degree holders = acquisition of a tertiary degree >< people without any qualifications New graduates // Recent graduates // undergraduates // postgraduate: học viên cao học// doctorate: tiến sĩ HỌC: attend / pursue/ study Pursue college = embark on higher education (bắt đầu việc học đại học) = enroll in university FORMAL SCHOOLING: giáo dục quy, trường lớp quy GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE: tổng tỉ lệ nhập học Become occupied with their intense study schedules → leave children too tired to further study TRƯỜNG HỌC HOẶC GIỚI ● separate schools = single-sex schools/education gender schools/education: trường giới = single- ● mixed schools = mixed-sex schools/education = mixed-gender schools/education = integrated schools/education = co-ed schools/education: trường giới send sb to đưa tới đâu study at school = e school = enter education =choose school: học đâu ● opposite-sex classmates: bạn khác giới ● co-existence and gender equality: tồn bình đẳng giới ● explore each other’s perspectives, their similarities and differences: khám phá khác nhau/giống quan điểm người khác GIỚI TÍNH VÀ GIÁO DỤC > Men and women should have the same educational opportunities = the selection of university students should be based on merits > CÂN BẰNG TỈ LỆ GIỚI TÍNH Ở TRƯỜNG HỌC Accept equal numbers of male and female students = accept equal proportions of each gender = have the same number of men and women on all degree courses = a university: fill courses with equal numbers of males and females = to aim for equal proportions = to base admission to university courses on gender = a selection procedure based on gender CÂN BẰNG GIỚI TÍNH Ở TRƯỜNG LÀ KO KHẢ THI Adj: be simply unrealistic/ be not practical / be difficult to V/ be impractical and unfair ● Many courses: more popular with one gender than the other → NURSING COURSES: attract more female applicants ● A woman: the best candidate for a place on a course → it is surely wrong to reject her in favor of a male student with lower grades + fewer qualifications TÌM VIỆC LÀM ĐỐI VỚI SINH VIÊN (job seekers) ● Employment opportunities ● Establish sb’s career path ● Have a financially viable career: make a lot of money ● Stand a better chance of [getting a high-paying job/ landing higher-paid jobs/ finding well-remunerated work]+ bettering their life quality => A more educated workforce => The financial abundance OR: provide more job opportunities, career progression, better salaries, and therefore an improved quality of life ● An increasingly competitive labor market → no longer feasible for sb to find a job ● The larger influx of graduates into the labor market → rising youth unemployment => miễn học phí COUNTER-PRODUCTIVE to job guarantee ● Secure employment → make a candidate more employable -Firms: increasingly look beyond the technical expertise ( chuyên môn túy) and qualifications of applicants -Employers: attach greater importance to/ place heavy emphasis on attributes like ADAPTABILITY/ CREATIVITY/ COLLABORATIVE SKILLS TỔN HẠI NGÂN SÁCH NHÀ NƯỚC The enormous cost incurred to cover st: => PUT A STRAIN ON GOVERNMENT COFFERS (plural: kho bạc nhà nước) => leading to BUDGET DEFICITS, TAX HIKES (= tax increase), or REDUCED WELFARE THÀNH TÍCH HỌC TẬP TỐT/ KÉM HIGH-PERFORMING STUDENTS = TOP STUDENTS Attain better academic results ● Gain high-achieving academic result ● Make significant academic progress ● Improve students’ academic performance ● Be inclined to study in earnest: có khuynh hướng làm nghiêm túc [[[ note: be inclined to V = be likely to V]]] ● Apply themselves to getting good grades: chuyên tâm để đạt điểm tốt ● deteriorating / poor + academic performance ● Be indifferent to their study: thờ với việc học ● Lose their dive to work hard ● Skip class/ miss exams *fall behind in their study * face peer pressure → drain their self-confidence => lose momentum + find it hard to resume their education 10 NĂM KHÔNG HỌC (high school senior) Take a gap year = gap-year taker = spare several months = defer university enrollment (to travel or work) ● Defer doing st: delay st until a later time = delay tertiary education for one year = have a long-year break prior to embarking on higher education = HAVE A BREAK (nghỉ ngơi) from studying after graduating from high school = TAKING TIME OFF at the important age 11 TRẢI NGHIỆM NHỮNG THỨ MỚI MẺ ● Afford sb time to travel + immerse themselves in alien cultures => enrich their life experiences + hone practical skills [[[note: Afford sb st = provide sb st]]] Ex Living abroad: adapt quickly to their independent life pick up new foreign languages => HAVE A BROADER VIEW OF LIFE AND BETTER PERSONAL RESOURCES TO DRAW ON (có nhìn mở sống rộng kinh nghiệm cá nhân tốt để dựa vào) => giving them an advantage in terms of COPING WITH THE CHALLENGES OF STUDENT LIFE —> as a by-product, sb become very knowledgeable about st => BROADEN THEIR HORIZONS 12 NGƯỜI TRẺ THIẾU KIẾN THỨC QUẢN LÝ TÀI CHÍNH LEAVING SCHOOL WITHOUT A BASIC AND VITAL UNDERSTANDING OF HOW PERSONAL FINANCES OUGHT TO BE MANAGED = young people ARE UNABLE TO MANAGE THEIR OWN FINANCES UPON FINISHING HIGH SCHOOL 13 LÝ DO NGƯỜI TRẺ THIẾU KIẾN THỨC QUẢN LÝ TÀI CHÍNH > ● they have been living with their parents for free → never needed to earn a salary + save their money → to pay bills ● Schools FOCUS INSTEAD ON classic subjects → IMPORTANT LIFE SKILLS ARE NOT BEING TAUGHT ⇒ Both teachers and parents ARE FAILING TO PREPARE YOUNG PEOPLE FOR REAL WORLD 14 CÁCH GIẢI QUYẾT VẤN ĐỀ ● teaching them HOW MONEY IS EARNED, BUDGETED AND USED FOR EITHER SAVINGS OR EXPENSES - teaching young children how to manage their pocket money - EXPAND INTO MORE SERIOUS HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES ● INCORPORATE LIFE SKILLS INTO THEIR CURRICULUM for final year students → children: be able to learn in a supportive environment how their finances need to be budgeted and managed TO AVOID DEBT PROBLEMS LATER IN LIFE 15 HỌC ĐẠI HỌC hay NHẢY VÀO LÀM LUÔN Teenagers face the dilemma of whether to get a job or continue their education Get a job straight after school = the option to start work straight after school = decide to find work, rather than continue their studies *Sb: start earning money as soon as possible → independent → will be able to afford their own house/ start a family *Sb: may progress quickly →gain real experience/ learn practical skills related to their chosen profession → lead to promotions and a successful career 16 Go to college and university = continue their studies = continue their studies beyond school level *Academic qualifications: be required in many professions ( impossible to be a doctor/ teacher/ lawyer without having the relevant degree) → tend to earn higher salaries than those with fewer qualifications *The job market is becoming increasingly competitive → hundreds of applicants for one position in a company → young people: not have qualifications from a university or college → not be able to compete XÁC ĐỊNH ĐƯỢC “CON ĐƯỜNG” MÌNH SẼ ĐI ● High schools: provide inadequate career guidance OR: young adult who passes directly from school to university: BE RESTRICTED IN TERMS OF GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE OF THE WORLD Spare several months looking for job opportunities + attending vocational training courses + cultivating relevant job skills + gain hands-on experience => empower students to identify a suitable career path => chance to achieve sb’s full potential => GET A CLEAR PERSPECTIVE OF (có góc nhìn rõ ràng về…) what they are hoping to with their lives and why 17 THEO ĐUỔI CON ĐƯỜNG SỰ NGHIỆP Pursue career path Work commitment: tinh thần Trách nhiệm, tận tâm với công việc Have time for establishing sb’s career + financial stability 18 NGHỈ HỌC NĂM THÌ KHÁ KHĨ ĐỂ QUAY LẠI Young adults: + END UP NEVER RETURNING TO THEIR STUDIES + Find it difficult to difficult to RE-ADAPT TO AN ACADEMIC ENVIRONMENT 19 MƠN HỌC GÌ NÊN ĐƯỢC CHO VÀO TRONG CHƯƠNG TRÌNH HỌC SUBJECT should be included in the curriculum = the curriculum should be dedicated to SUBJECT = SUBJECT should be taught at school = schools should incorporate + subject + into their curriculum 20 MƠN HỌC Các cách gọi mơn trường ĐH: Certain key subject areas = university courses = particular university subjects = areas of knowledge = a focus on … in higher education >< preferred areas of study = the course of sb’s choice Academic subjects (science, maths, ) = discipline that will be directly relevant to one’s occupation in the future = core subjects = science subjects = science-based subjects = key subject areas = a focus on technology in higher education Non-academic subjects: arts subject/ art-based subjects -cultivate qualities (ADAPTABILITY/ CREATIVITY/ COLLABORATIVE SKILLS) (playing music, competing in team sports, ) -allow young talents in athletic and artistic fields to be discovered 21 HỌC ĐỦ CÁC MÔN ĐỂ GIÚP TRẺ PHÁT TRIỂN TOÀN DIỆN The provision of both academic, music and sports education: mandatory for an allrounded growth of young students → Ensure the adequate physical and mental development of the next generation 22 KHAI PHÁ TIỀM NĂM THIÊN TÀI ● Musically inclined individuals: cá nhân có khuynh hướng âm nhạc = sb be endowed with an aptitude for sport: phú cho tài = have an aptitude for st: có khả thiên phú = children with extraordinary talents → chance to achieve sb’s full potential → Young children’s INNATE ABILITIES (khả bẩm sinh) should be HARNESSED (khai thác) to make these benefits more achievable Music + sports: treated as an extracurricular activity 23 TẦM QUAN TRỌNG CỦA ART art PLAYS A FUNDAMENTAL ROLE IN SOCIETY artists are able to EXPRESS THEIR THOUGHTS AND THEIR CULTURE IN THEIR WORK 24 TRẺ EM CÓ NÊN HỌC ART KO ????? develop creativity and learn to express themselves in their artwork ● PROMOTE THEIR CREATIVITY AND IMAGINATION Children (when they REACH ADULTHOOD): STRUGGLE TO GROW INTO DYNAMIC, INDIVIDUAL THINKERS (Without the development of imagination and creative thinking) ● studying art: NURTURE THEIR TALENTS ● practicing art: provides a medium through which they can express their emotions and feelings Ex young children: not HAVE THE LINGUISTIC CAPABILITIES → put their ideas into language and thus communicate directly => able to CONVEY MEANING THROUGH PICTURES AND SYMBOLS 25 KO NÊN VÌ DẠY ART MÀ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN MÔN KHÁC ● it SHOULD NOT BE TAUGHT TO THE DETRIMENT OF OTHER SUBJECTS = this should not result in more focus being placed on art rather than other subjects = FACILITATE A HEALTHY DEVELOPMENT BOTH MENTALLY AND PHYSICALLY → Children: HAVE A BALANCE OF ALL SUBJECTS → FACILITATE A HEALTHY DEVELOPMENT BOTH MENTALLY AND PHYSICALLY 26 LỢI ÍCH CỦA HỌC NGÔN NGỮ TỪ TIỂU HỌC ● INTRODUCING THEM EARLIER/ EARLY EXPOSURE TO LANGUAGE LEARNING a.young children PICK UP LANGUAGES much more easily than teenagers → THEIR BRAINS ARE STILL PROGRAMMED TO ACQUIRE THEIR MOTHER TONGUE → which FACILITATES LEARNING ANOTHER LANGUAGE ● ####Adolescents: ARE NOT INHIBITED BY SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS (không hạn chế tự ý thức b.The greater flexibility of the primary timetable → allows for more frequent, shorter sessions and for A PLAY-CENTERED APPROACH →MAINTAINING LEARNERS’ ENTHUSIASM AND PROGRESS => THEIR COMMAND OF THE LANGUAGE (khả thông thạo ngôn ngữ ● Address poverty among farming families and reduce their vulnerability to agriculture shocks ######## ● Develop crop varieties that are more resilient to new climate trends and extreme weather pattern ● Let peasants diversify the plan and animal species CHÍNH CHỦ VIỆN TRỢ CHƯA CHẮC ĐÃ TỐT ###State subsidies for agriculture: have not compensated for the stranglehold exercised by private traders → studies show that sixty percent of beneficiaries of subsidies are not poor, but rich landowners and non-farmer traders BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU ẢNH HƯỚNG ĐẾN NÔNG NGHIỆP NTN Climate change and its consequences for small-scale agriculture: - Reduce crop yields - Increase the magnitude and the frequency of extreme weather events → increase smallholder vulnerability -> the growing unpredictability of weather patterns increases farmers’ difficulty in managing weather-related risks ENTERTAINMENT 251 TÁC ĐỘNG TÍCH CỰC CỦA CHƠI ĐIỆN TỬ ● Entertaining Users/ gamers: ARE TRANSPORTED INTO VIRTUAL WORLDS → more exciting and engaging than REAL-LIFE PASTIMES (các trị chơi giải trí đời thực) ● Educational ( FROM AN EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ) ENCOURAGE IMAGINATION/ CREATIVITY/ CONCENTRATION, LOGICAL THINKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING: useful skills outside the gaming context COMPUTER SIMULATION GAMES (các trò chơi mơ máy tính): improve users’ motor skills + HELP TO PREPARE THEM FOR REAL-WORLD TASKS (flying a plane) 252 TÁC ĐỘNG TIÊU CỰC CỦA CHƠI ĐIỆN TỬ ● Gaming: BE HIGHLY ADDICTIVE ← users ARE CONSTANTLY GIVEN SCORES, NEW TARGETS AND FREQUENT REWARDS TO KEEP THEM PLAYING (liên tục cho điểm số, mục tiêu phần thưởng thường xuyên để khuyến khích cho họ chơi) ● Children : spend hours each day → to progress through the levels of a game or TO GET A HIGHER SCORE THAN THEIR FRIENDS => have effects ranging from lack of sleep to problems at school (homework IS SACRIFICED FOR A FEW MORE HOURS ON THE COMPUTER OR CONSOLE) ● Sức khỏe: THE RISE IN OBESITY IN RECENT YEARS HAS ALSO BEEN LINKED IN PART TO THE SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE AND LACK OF EXERCISE 253 PHIM NƯỚC NGOÀI RẤT OKELA foreign films = big-budget productions from overseas = foreign productions CURRENTLY DOMINATE THE MARKET the established film industries in certain countries ● the established film industries in certain countries : HAVE HUGE BUDGETS FOR ACTION/ SPECIAL EFFECTS TO SHOOT SCENES IN SPECTACULAR LOCATIONS EX HOLLYWOOD BLOCKBUSTERS ( ‘Avatar’ or the James Bond films: are examples of such productions) → their global appeal : undeniable ● BIG-BUDGET FILMS: successful ← they often STAR THE MOST FAMOUS ACTORS AND ACTRESSES (thường có diễn viên tiếng đảm nhận vai chính), ← they are made by THE MOST ACCOMPLISHED PRODUCERS AND DIRECTORS (những nhà sản xuất đạo diễn xuất sắc) >< The poor quality, LOW- BUDGET FILMMAKING suffers in comparison 254 PHIM TRONG NƯỚC locally produced films = DOMESTICALLY PRODUCED FILMS = the films produced in their own countries local film industries 255 HỖ TRỢ PHIM TRONG NƯỚC governments give more financial support to local film industries = governments should PROMOTE LOCAL FILM- MAKING BY SUBSIDISING THE INDUSTRY = SUPPORT LOCAL FILM INDUSTRIES FINANCIALLY = governments did help with these costs = increased financial support could HELP TO RAISE THE QUALITY OF LOCALLY MADE FILMS 256 LỢI ÍCH KHI HỖ TRỢ SẢN XUẤT LÀM PHIM TRONG NƯỚC ● TALENTED AMATEUR FILM-MAKERS (nhà làm phim nghiệp dư tài năng): NEED TO BE GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY TO PROVE THEMSELVES → NEED MONEY TO PAY FOR FILM CREWS, actors and A HOST OF OTHER COSTS RELATED TO PRODUCING HIGH-QUALITY FILMS → To compete with big-budget productions from overseas => SEE AN INCREASE IN EMPLOYMENT IN THE FILM INDUSTRY, INCOME FROM FILM SALES + A RISE IN TOURIST NUMBERS Ex Korea: seen an increase in tourism related to the 'Parasite' films, WERE PARTLY FUNDED BY GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES 257 SỞ THÍCH DỄ Swimming: requires very little equipment + simple to learn + inexpensive → IT NEVER FELT LIKE A DEMANDING OR CHALLENGING EXPERIENCE Photography: take interesting pictures: knowing too much about THE TECHNICALITIES OF OPERATING A CAMERA (các kỹ thuật việc sử dụng máy ảnh) → A SATISFYING ACTIVITY 258 SỞ THÍCH KHĨ < difficult hobbies can be equally pleasurable for different reasons>> Challenging: MIGHT FEEL A GREATER SENSE OF SATISFACTION + REQUIRES A HIGH LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE became competent at st → REACH A HIGHER LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE → give us more pleasure 259 SPORTS Lucrative business → sport sponsorship → win-win scenario BUSINESSES ● Build brand awareness → huge exposure to different social media platform ● Powerful marketing tool ● Increase sales - Sponsorship have excessive control over sports events → alter rules / broadcast schedule: coincide with TV viewing time - Business: lose/ involved in scandals → adversely affect brand’s image TEAMS/ ALTHLETE ● Higher earnings → focus more on their jobs (practicing/ competing) because they don’t have to worry about (making ends meet: speaking) → find their job more rewarding → more motivation → try their utmost ● Sport institutes will be constructed/ erected → 1.provide professional training equipment + coaching → better performance → win more championships → succeed in international stage 2.Nurture young talents - Players → have sponsorship withdrawn → concerned about money + fame / resort to drugs/ doping - Just top players receive sponsorships → pay gap/ discrepancy → lack motivation AUDIENCE/ SPECTATORS ● Higher game/ match quality 260 VẬN ĐỘNG VIÊN THỂ THAO CHUYÊN NGHIỆP SỐNG SƯỚNG SPORTS PROFESSIONALS: become STARS AND CELEBRITIES → those at the top ARE PAID HUGE SALARIES → live EXTRAVAGANT LIFESTYLES with huge houses and cars 261 VĐV THỂ THAO KIẾM NHIỀU TIỀN HƠN NHỮNG NGƯỜI KHÁC REWARDS: unfair when comparing these super salaries with those of TOP SURGEONS OR RESEARCH SCIENTISTS/ LEADING POLITICIANS who have the RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVERNING THE COUNTRY 262 TIỀN LƯƠNG CỦA VĐV THỂ THAO KIẾM ĐK LÀ DO SỰ PHỔ BIẾN CỦA THỂ THAO + SỰ ỦNG HỘ CỦA NGƯỜI DÂN OUR SOCIETY PLACES MORE VALUE ON SPORT than on more essential professionals and achievements - SPORTS SALARIES ARE NOT DETERMINED BY SPORTS SALARIES ARE NOT DETERMINED BY / the level of responsibility he or she holds - REFLECT THE PUBLIC POPULARITY OF SPORT IN GENERAL AND THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC SUPPORT THAT SUCCESSFUL STARS CAN GENERATE - The money is A RECOGNITION OF THE SKILLS AND DEDICATION ) a person needs to be successful → a player is tested every time they perform in their RELATIVELY SHORT CAREER -THE PRESSURE FROM THE MEDIA IS INTENSE -THERE IS LITTLE PRIVACY OUT OF THE SPOTLIGHT => JUSTIFY THE HUGE EARNINGS 263 INDIVIDUAL SPORTS vs TEAM SPORTS Individual sports: allow players more flexibility with training time and regimens → focus on their training needs → weaknesses → at their own pace - Become more self-motivated → can’t count on anyone → Every drive has to come from within → set their own goal and go fo it - Be more responsible for their actions and decision → not blame sb for their failure - Be more confident → play solo in front of crowd → familiarize themselves with the spotlight Team sports: build valuable friendships - Learn from other teammates - Build teamwork skills + communication skills - Foster a sense of community 264 CÁC MÔN THỂ THAO MẠO HIỂM LÀ NGUY HIỂM BUT ĐÃ CĨ THỂ KIỂM SỐT ĐK SO-CALLED EXTREME SPORTS = EXTREME SPORTS ● CLEAR REGULATIONS + SAFETY PROCEDURES/MEASURES (quy định quy trình đảm bảo an tồn rõ ràng) → REDUCE THE POSSIBILITY OF ACCIDENTS ● People who take part in extreme sports: be required to UNDERGO APPROPRIATE TRAINING → minimize dangers OR: People: must undergo rigorous tests → ensure physically or mentally conditioned before participating in dangerous sports Ex people want to try skydiving → sign up for lessons with a registered club Beginners: not allowed to dive solo >< MUST BE ACCOMPANIED BY AN EXPERIENCED PROFESSIONAL ● THE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY: be used in sports (motor racing / mountain climbing) → constantly improve safety 265 MÔN NÀO CHẢ MẠO HIỂM Concerns over the safety of extreme athletes = the safety concerns ● Extreme sports: their inherently dangerous nature → threaten life Explain: extreme conditions: be prerequisite for these sports → risks ( equipment failure) → render players more vulnerable than in other sports —> a very small technical errors: cost the players their lives Ex skydivers: freefall from enormous altitudes → seem more prone to injuries or even death than players of ordinary sports ● All sports : INVOLVE SOME ELEMENT OF RISK = all physical activities carry a certain degree of risks → difficult to judge which one is more hazardous than the others Ex acute pains (= severe pains) (ankle sprains: ): prevalent in football/ baseball ← intense practice drills + frequent matches → given their popularity → unlikely to be banned 266 CÁC MÔN THỂ THAO MẠO HIỂM KO NÊN BỊ CẤM ● THE DIFFICULTY OF ENFORCING IT → risky sports (base jumping / big wave surfing) : be practiced FAR AWAY FROM THE REACH OF ANY AUTHORITIES => Call the police → stop people from PARACHUTING OFF A MOUNTAIN FACE (nhảy dù khỏi vách núi) // surfing on an isolated beach ● People: should have the autonomy to play any sports they want, regardless of their danger → sb decide for themselves whether to take part in a number of dangerous sports activities Personal freedom: be championed with regard to things like… → sporting pursuits 267 BIỆN PHÁP ĐỂ GIẢM RỦI RO KHI CHƠI THỂ THAO MẠO HIỂM ● Sport associations: impose age limit for extreme athletes → ensure only people who are fully developed physically are allowed to participate ● To bar players from practicing/ competing without necessary protective gear => these measures: strike a happy medium without intruding people’s personal freedom 268 LỆNH CẤM LÊN CÁI J St should be banned/ strictly prohibited = government should ban/ prohibit st = a complete/ outright ban on st 269 ÂM NHẠC CÀNG NGÀY CÀNG PHONG PHÚ There are different types of music in the world today = a rich variety of musical styles can be found around the world Music is a vital part of all human cultures for a range of reasons \ People’s musical preferences develop 270 ÂM NHẠC MANG MỌI NGƯỜI LẠI VỚI NHAU Music is a good way of bringing people of different cultures and ages together = music has the power to unite and connect people, regardless of their cultural backgrounds or ages = music can reach across cultural and national boundaries and bring people together = MUSIC TRULY IS THE PLANET’S GLOBAL LANGUAGE = it TRANSCENDS CULTURES (vượt lên rào cản văn hóa), Ex: Live Aid concerts: WERE BROADCAST TO A GLOBAL AUDIENCE Two live events were held simultaneously in the UK and the US, and the objective was to RAISE FUNDS FOR FAMINE RELIEF ) in Ethiopia the number of people around the world who watched them and their IMPACT ON INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC AWARENESS OF THE FAMINE 271 ÂM NHẠC CÓ KHẢ NĂNG KẾT NỐI MỌI NGƯỜI Ở CÁC NHÓM TUỔI KHÁC NHAU music also HAS THE ABILITY TO CONNECT PEOPLE FROM DIFFERENT GENERATIONS = Regardless of age, we can all ENJOY A MEMORABLE MELODY, A STRONG RHYTHM, or a beautiful singing voice, and the best songs seem to have the same magical effect on all of us = no other FORM OF ENTERTAINMENT (loại hình giải trí) can bring families together in this way = MUSIC IS UNIQUE IN ITS CAPACITY TO CREATE SHARED EXPERIENCES BETWEEN PEOPLE IRRESPECTIVE OF CULTURE AND AGE ● TELEVISED MUSIC COMPETITIONS: The X Factor’ or ‘The Voice’: popular PRIMETIME SHOWS → These programmes ATTRACT INCREDIBLY BROAD AUDIENCES→ because singing and popular songs appeal to children, parents and grandparents alike 272 273 274 TẦM QUAN TRỌNG CỦA ÂM NHẠC - We are taught songs by our parents and teachers as a means of learning language or simply as a form of enjoyment - Singing with others/ singing in a group: create a connection between participants, regardless of their age - Sb come to see our favorite songs as part of our life stories → music expresses and arouses emotions in a way that words alone cannot ÂM NHẠC TRUYỀN THỐNG - Traditional music: express the culture, customs, and history of a country - Traditional styles (such as ): connect us to the past and form part of our cultural identity ÂM NHẠC QUỐC TẾ Modern, international music = international pop music (catchy/ fun) Be essentially a commercial product that is marketed and sold by business people 275 ÂM NHẠC TRUYỀN THỐNG NÊN ĐK COI TRỌNG HƠN ÂM NHẠC QUỐC TẾ - Traditional music should be valued over the international music >< pop music became so predominant that national styles disappeared 276 GIÚP ĐỠ NGHỆ SĨ (PAINTERS, MUSICIANS) Give financial support to creative artists = the funding of creative artists = government support for artists = money for art projects should come from both government and other resources = art projects definitely require help from the state Governments and LOCAL COUNCILS should pay creative artists to produce this kind of art government help is sometimes necessary ● without their funding our cities would be much less interesting and attractive 277 NHỮNG TÁC PHẨM NGHỆ THUẬT CÔNG CỘNG GIÚP TRUYỀN BÁ = MANY WORKS OF ART IN PUBLIC SPACES such as streets or squares in city centres = new statues and sculptures HAS BEEN REDEVELOPED RECENTLY → These artworks represent culture, heritage and history → They serve to educate people about the city, and ACT AS LANDMARKS OR TALKING POINTS FOR VISITORS AND TOURISTS > 278 NHÀ NƯỚC CÒN NHIỀU CÁI PHẢI LO STATE BUDGETS need to be spent on education, healthcare, infrastructure and security, among other areas → These PUBLIC SERVICES (dịch vụ công) are vital for a country to FUNCTION PROPERLY CÁC NGHỆ SĨ CÓ THỂ KIẾM TIỀN TỪ TÁC PHẨM CỦA MÌNH the work of creative artists, even in public places, is a luxury artists a job like any other professional → EARN THEIR OWN MONEY BY SELLING THEIR WORK → artists should RELY ON ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT (dựa vào nguồn tài thay thế) 279 NGƯỜI NỔI TIẾNG SỐNG SA HOA celebrities are more achievements famous for their glamor and wealth than for their = SOME CELEBRITIES (một số người tiếng) are known for their GLAMOROUS LIFESTYLES (những lối sống xa xỉ) rather than for the work they Sb: APPEARED IN GOSSIP MAGAZINES + a reality TV programme Sb: rich and famous for the wrong reasons attending parties and nightclubs → promotes the idea that appearance/ glamour and media profile: more important than hard work and good character → success can be achieved easily + school work is not necessary 280 NGƯỜI NỔI TIẾNG LÀM GƯƠNG XẤU CHO NGƯỜI TRẺ set a bad example for children = set a bad example to young people >< famous people act as positive role models = celebrities whose accomplishments make them EXCELLENT ROLE MODELS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE ● Actors, musicians and sports stars: worked hard + applied themselves to develop real skills and abilities → THEY: DEMONSTRATE GREAT EFFORT, DETERMINATION AND AMBITION ( is required for someone who wants to be truly successful in their chosen field) Ex sb: become world famous through years of practice and hard work → self-made celebrity: inspire children to DEVELOP THEIR TALENTS THROUGH APPLICATION AND PERSEVERANCE (phát triển tài chuyên tâm kiên trì) 281 LỄ HỘI traditional or religious festivals = A FESTIVAL PERIOD = A TIME TO PRACTISE RELIGION NON- RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS 282 NHỚ VỀ Ý NGHĨA LỄ HỘI REMEMBER THE ORIGINAL MEANING OF FESTIVALS = people have forgotten what these festivals mean = THE UNDERLYING MEANING OF SUCH FESTIVALS has NOT been forgotten = aware of the reasons for these celebrations ● LEARN IN DETAIL ABOUT THE RELIGIOUS REASONS FOR CELEBRATING TET HOLIDAY/ A VARIETY OF FESTIVALS IN OTHER RELIGIONS → Children: learn st( HAVE A RELIGIOUS CONTENT ) ● Families: PLAY A ROLE IN PASSING KNOWLEDGE OF RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS’ DEEPER SIGNIFICANCE ON TO THE NEXT GENERATION festivals that HAVE A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND → people generally LEARN THE STORIES BEHIND THESE OCCASIONS AT AN EARLY AGE 283 QUÊN VÀ CHỈ TẬN HƯỞNG LỄ HỘI treat them as opportunities to have fun = enjoyment seems to be the priority = enjoyment IS PEOPLE’S PRIMARY GOAL = enjoy themselves during festivals = people ARE MOST CONCERNED WITH shopping, giving and receiving presents/ DECORATING THEIR HOMES/ ENJOYING TRADITIONAL MEALS/ WATCHING FIREWORK DISPLAYS/ going to large events in local parks = Most people LOOK FORWARD TO ST as a holiday period rather than A TIME TO PRACTISE RELIGION = People associate this occasion with = religious and traditional festivals: become times for celebration SOCIAL PROBLEMS 284 Ở THÀNH PHỐ live in A LARGE METROPOLIS 285 BẤT LỢI KHI Ở THÀNH PHỐ city life can be unhealthy and stressful ● THE COST OF LIVING: much higher than it is in a small town or village → Inhabitants of cities: pay higher prices for housing, transport, and even food ● urban areas: SUFFER FROM SOCIAL PROBLEMS: HIGH CRIME AND POVERTY RATES in comparison with RURAL areas ● the air quality in cities: poor ← POLLUTION FROM TRAFFIC ● the streets and public transport systems: BE USUALLY OVERCROWDED 286 CHÍNH PHỦ CẦN CẢI THIỆN CITY LIFE to improve city life for the average inhabitant =governments make urban life better for everyone = various steps that governments could TAKE TO TACKLE THESE PROBLEMS = governments could certainly IMPLEMENT A RANGE OF MEASURES to enhance the quality of life for all city residents ● INVEST MONEY IN THE BUILDING OF AFFORDABLE OR SOCIAL HOUSING → to reduce the cost of living ● Politicians: have the power to BAN VEHICLES FROM CITY CENTERS + PROMOTE THE USE OF CLEANER PUBLIC TRANSPORT => reduce both air pollution and TRAFFIC CONGESTION Ex THE INTRODUCTION OF A CONGESTION CHARGE FOR DRIVERS (áp dụng phí tắc nghẽn cho người lái xe) → CURB THE TRAFFIC PROBLEM ● DEVELOP PROVINCIAL TOWNS and rural areas →moving industry and jobs to those regions → reduce the pressure on major cities 287 GIÀ HÓA DÂN SỐ average life expectancy is increasing = ageing populations = SB LIVE LONGER THAN EVER BEFORE = the populations of developed countries grow older 288 Ở CÁC QUỐC GIA PHÁT TRIỂN In the developed world = in INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS 289 ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA GIÀ HÓA DÂN SỐ ● more PEOPLE OF RETIREMENT AGE: WILL BE ELIGIBLE TO RECEIVE A PENSION The proportion of younger, working adults: be smaller → governments: receive less money in taxes in relation to the size of the population => AN AGING POPULATION WILL MEAN A GREATER TAX BURDEN FOR WORKING ADULTS ● a rise in the demand for healthcare + young adults: will increasingly have to look after their elderly relatives 290 CÁC GIẢI QUYẾT GIÀ HÓA DÂN SỐ ● increase the retirement age for working adults, perhaps from 65 to 70 ← people of this age: healthy enough to CONTINUE A PRODUCTIVE WORKING LIFE ● ENCOURAGE IMMIGRATION: to increase the number of WORKING ADULTS who pay taxes ● money from NATIONAL BUDGETS: be taken from other areas + spent on vital healthcare, accommodation and transport facilities for the rising numbers of older citizens 291 SỰ CHÊNH LỆCH GIÀU NGHÈO income disparity = the wealth gap = income gap = the growing/wide disparity between the rich and the poor = widen the income gap/inequality gape/ wide/exacerbate/worsen/increase the gap >< close/narrow/equalizer/level the playing field/contract /bridge/decrease the gap 292 NGƯỜI GIÀU Social elites = the percent = make a small percentage of the population exponentially richer than the rest = create a new generation of extremely wealthy individuals Humble technology startups : morph into massive multi-billion-dollar companies → the owners: amass great wealth → go on to become social elites 293 NGHÈO Live in extreme poverty = live below the poverty line 294 GIÚP AI THOÁT KHỎI CẢNH NGHÈO KHÓ st (ex technology): empower and help lift people out of poverty → give many people an opportunity to start their own business at minimal costs → city dwellers: own their livelihood to Grab’s ride-hailing network => st transforme lives + bridge the social inequality + give equal opportunities for all to thrive ... such small family units 122 GIA ĐÌNH NHIỀU THẾ HỆ THE EXTENDED FAMILY is becoming a rarity = the decline of the extended family = sb are part of larger family groups 123 BẤT LỢI CỦA SỐNG TRONG... WORK ALONE AND FROM ANY PART OF THE WORLD 129 CÁC TƯ TƯỞNG VÀ GIÁ TRỊ TRUYỀN THỐNG CỦA THẾ HỆ TRK traditional ideas = TRADITIONAL VALUES = Many of the ideas that elderly people have about life... HAVE THE LINGUISTIC CAPABILITIES → put their ideas into language and thus communicate directly => able to CONVEY MEANING THROUGH PICTURES AND SYMBOLS 25 KO NÊN VÌ DẠY ART MÀ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN MÔN KHÁC