phản ứng tạo muối amoni

Bài tp chuyên đ to mui amoni Truonghocso.com Page 1 PảN NẢ TO MUI AMONI I . Ĺ thuyt: 1. Tng quan -                        (            4 NO 3 ). -      ,            ,  ,  .             (khan)                   =>        -  (  HNO 3                4 NO 3 ). 2. Mt s ví d minh ha VD1. H       3     a. . b.  3  Ảii: n NO = 2,24/22,4 = 0,1 mol; n NaOH = 0,3.0,2 = 0,06 mol a)  2  nung là CuO  n CuO = 20/80 = 0,25 mol  2 )(OHCu n = n CuO = 0,25 mol.  n  = n Cu (trong CuO) = 0,25 mol  m Cu = 0,25.64 = 16 g b) Trong X, n 2 Cu = 2 )(OHCu n = 0,25 mol  m 23 )Cu(NO = 188.0,25 = 47 g Cu  Cu 2+ + 2e 0,25 mol 0,5 mol Mà: 5 N + 3e  2 N 0,3 mol 0,1 mol HNO 3   4 NO 3 . n  = n  = 0,5 mol  n  35  NN = 0,5  0,3 = 0,2 mol 5 N + 8e  3 N 0,2 mol 0,025 mol  n 34 NONH = 0,025 mol  m 34 NONH = 80.0,025 = 2 g bo toàn nguyên t: n 3 HNO  = n N (trong 23 )Cu(NO ) + n N (trong NO) + n N (trong 34 NONH ) = 2n 23 )Cu(NO + n NO + 2n 34 NONH = 0,65 mol (Nu s dng công thc tính nhanh  trên ta có: n 3 HNO  = 4.n NO + 10.n 34 NONH = 4.0,1 + 10.0,25 = 0,65 mol)  m 3 HNO = 63.0,65 = 40,95 g  C% = %100. 800 95,40 = 5,12% VD2: Cho 1,68gam  Mg tác g    500ml dung  HNO3 aM thu   Y và 0,448lít khí NO duy  Tính a và     thành trong Y? Ảii : -    + 0,07 Mg n mol   3 ) 2   và 0,02 NO n mol  3 NO  + 4H + + 3e  NO + 2H 2 O 0,08 0,06 0,02 Bài tp chuyên đ to mui amoni Truonghocso.com Page 2  3 0,08 0,08 0,16 0,5 HNO H n n mol a M       + Th Mg - 2e  Mg 2+ (1) và 3 NO  + 4H + + 3e  NO + 2H 2 O (2) 0,07 0,14 0,08 0,06 0,02  3   4 NH  . 3 NO  + 10H + + 8e  4 NH  + 3H 2 O (2) 0,1 0,08 0,01  3 0,18 0,36 HNO H n n mol a M      + Trong Y có: 0,07mol Mg(NO 3 ) 2 và 0,01mol NH 4 NO 3  m  = 0,07.148 + 0,01.80 = 11,16g -   Ví d 3    Ảii :  4 NH  , 0,07 Mg n mol  HNO 3 không sinh ra NH 4 NO 3 thì trong X có: 0,07mol Mg(NO 3 ) 2   m  = 0,07.148 = 10,36g < 11,16g  trong X còn có NH 4 NO 3  43 11,16 10,36 0,01 80 NH NO n mol   . Các q Mg - 2e  Mg 2+ (1) 3 NO  + 10H + + 8e  4 NH  + 3H 2 O (2) 0,07 0,14 0,1 0,08 0,01  x O y thì x 3 NO  + (6x  2y)H + + (5x  2y)e  N x O y + (3x  y) H 2 O (3) 0,02(5x -2y) 0,02mol +  2y)  5x  2y = 3 (*)  2 , N 2 , N 2   Y là NO và V = 0,72lít Ví d 4: Hoà tan hoà 3 aM  2  Bài gii: -  CuO + 2H +  Cu 2+ + H 2 O (4) 0,1 0,2 Al - 3e  Al 3+ (5) 2 3 NO  + 10H + + 8e  N 2 O + 5H 2 O (6) 0,14 0,42 0,3 0,24 0,03 T 4 NO 3  4 NH  là : 0,42  0,24 = 0,18mol  3 NO  + 10H + + 8e  4 NH  + 3H 2 O (7) 0,225 0,18 0,0225 3 0,725 1,45 HNO H n n mol a M       3 ) 2 , 0,14mol Al(NO 3 ) 3 và 0,0225mol NH 4 NO 3  m  = 0,1.188 + 0,14.213 + 0,0225.80 = 50,42g Bài tp chuyên đ to mui amoni Truonghocso.com Page 3 Ví d 5:  2 .   3    Ảii: 1.  0,1 , 0,14 CuO Al n mol n mol 2 3 không sinh ra NH 4 NO 3 thì trong Y có: 0,1mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 và 0,14mol Al(NO 3 ) 3   m  = 0,1.188 + 0,14.213 = 48,62g < 50,42g  trong Y còn có NH 4 NO 3 -  CuO + 2H +  Cu 2+ + H 2 O (7) 0,1 0,2 Al - 3e  Al 3+ (8) 0,14 0,42 43 50,42 48,62 0,0225 80 NH NO n mol   3 NO  + 10H + + 8e  4 NH  + 3H 2 O (9) 0,225 0,18 0,0225 + G x O y thì x 3 NO  + (6x  2y)H + + (5x  2y)e  N x O y + (3x  y) H 2 O (3) 0,03(5x -2y) 0,03mol n e ta có: 0,42 = 0,18 + 0,03(5x  2y)  5x  2y = 8 (**)  2 , N 2 , N 2  2   Z là N 2 O và V = 1,45lít. II. B̀i tp áp dng B̀i 1:  12,42    3 ,        1,344 ()     2  2    2 .  2 18.        . G bao nhiêu? B̀i 2:     6,73   0,8            3 .              ,   0,896 () .       46 .  khí nào? B̀i 3: Cho 1,68              500   3 xM.            0,448 .       ? B̀i 4: Cho 3,76        (            14:1)     3      ,        0,672  .              22,6  .        .            Y? B̀i 5: Cho 2,16          3 .              0,896 () .  bao nhiêu? B̀i 6: Nung 2,23          , Al, Zn, Mg trong oxi        2,71      .  3   c 0,672 ( , ).Tính s 3       ? Bài tp chuyên đ to mui amoni Truonghocso.com Page 4 Bài 7:  3   2 và N 2  0    2 SO 4 0,1M.   3  Bài 8:  3   M  Bài 9:   3    Bài 10: Cho 6,45 gam Al và Al 2 O 3  3      Bài 11:    3     Bài 12 :    bao nhiêu? Bài 13:  3   2  Bài 14:  3   2  Bài 15:  3   Bài 16:  3    Bài 17:  HNO 3   Bài 18:  3   Bài 19:  3   Bài tp chuyên đ to mui amoni Truonghocso.com Page 5 Bài 20:  3   Bài 21:  HNO 3 ,4928lít N 2   Bài 22:  3  2  trong Y? Bài 23:  2 O 3  HNO 3  2   Bài 24:  3  Y? Bài 25:  3    Bài 26:   3    Bài 27: 2mol Zn và 0,04mol Al 2 O 3  3    Bài 28:  3    Bài 29:  3   2   mol các khí trong Z? c. Tính V?  Bài 30:  HNO 3 O, N 2  2 là 18,5. Bài tp chuyên đ to mui amoni Truonghocso.com Page 6   c. Tính m?  Tài liu đc tng hp bi: Lê Quang Phát. Mi thc mc liên h: Mail: Phatlequang@gmail.com Yahoo: phatlq1991@yahoo.com ST : 0166.804.2268