TIENGANH 11 LUONGVANTUY NINHBINH

TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN LƯƠNG VĂN TỤY ĐỀ ĐỀ XUẤT ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI KHU VỰC DUYÊN HẢI BẮC BỘ Mơn thi: Tiếng Anh 11 (Đề thi gồm có 25 trang) I LISTENING (50 points) HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU • Bài nghe gồm phần, phần nghe lần, lần cách khoảng 15 giây, mở đầu kết thúc phần nghe có tín hiệu • Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) có nghe Part For questions – 5, listen to a dialogue and complete the notes below Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/ OR A NUMBER for each answer Small claims tribunal – Claim form Claimant’s name: Emily-Jane Appleby Address: Yeronga Street, (1) Postcode: 4105 Telephone No (home): (2) Respondent: (3) Company name: ABC appliances ltd Address: (4) avenue, Bardon Postcode: 4065 Your answers Telephone no (work): 72324681 Date (of transaction):3.3rd Feb, 2011 Guarantee: (5) Your answers Part For question 6-10, listen to the recording and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) Write your answers in the corresponding boxes provided The article says agriculture is mainly responsible for making Amazon become contributor of CO2 7 In the research called "Nature", researchers found out that the CO2 production of Amazon tripled its removal of CO2 Forest fires produced annual amount of CO2 equal to that of Japan Professor Simon Lewis said that Japan is the fifth-largest polluter in the world 10 A university professor alerted people about consequences brought about by Amazon sink-to-source story Your answers 10 Part For questions 11-15, you will hear part of an interview with the comedian Kevin Burke Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear Write your answers in the corresponding boxes provided 11 What does Kevin value most about the book entitled Laughter? A It was written with comedians in mind B It helps him see why some comedians fail C It shows him why audiences react as they D It aims to show what makes certain jokes funny 12 What does Kevin say about his time at university? A He regrets his choice of degree subject B He is proud of his academic achievements C He enjoyed getting involved in a range of activities D He had a lot in common with other students on his course 13 After leaving university, Kevin A was determined to build a career as a journalist B didn't really enjoy the type of work he was doing C set his sights on getting work as a television presenter D took the opportunity to develop his skills as a performer 14 What does Kevin say about his television career? A It's not where he does his best work B He wishes he hadn't accepted certain offers C It's not as demanding as working on stage with a live audience D He feels most comfortable doing a range of different programmes 15 Kevin believes that he is successful on stage because A he is able to make audiences feel sorry for him B he can convince audiences that he is in control C he is able to laugh at his own appearance D he can appeal to people's sense of logic Your answers 11 12 13 14 15 Part For questions 16-25, listen to an interview with Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla on Covid-19 vaccine manufacturing outlook and supply the blanks with the missing information Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR NUMBERS taken from the recording for each answer in the space provided Both Pfizer and Moderna may not suffer from intensified pressure in vaccine manufacturing despite a soaring in the number of individuals who could become (16) to get the vaccine Instead, a ramp-up in alterations to administer more vaccines is considered the (17) at the moment Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla shared his confidence in the company’s ability to deliver the vaccines on time thanks to the (18) with the US government This is viewed as a(n) (19) contrast to the hitherto popular conception that vaccine supply can be insufficient For the time being, around (20) have been released Because of a (21) of an extra dose in the vial and rising productivity in manufacturing, it is also possible to expect an increased pace of vaccine output on a (22) all year round The six doses have been submitted to all (23) and already been approved by the FDA, WHO, EU, Switzerland authorities, (24) authorities etc Pfizer’s manufacturing team is now (25) in virtually impossible speeds Your answers: 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 PART B LEXICO-GRAMMAR (30 points) Part For questions 26-45, choose the best answer to each of the following questions Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box provided 26 Many a leader fallen due to pride A is B are C has D have 27 When he started that company, he really went It might have been a disaster A out on the limb B on and off C over the odds D once too often 28 She’s so ; you really have to watch you say or she’ll walk out of the room A high and dry B prim and proper C rough and ready D sick and tired 29 _that he burst into tears A His anger was such was his anger that B So angry he was C He was so anger D Such his anger was 30 I refuse to believe a word of it; it's a cock-andA hen B goose C bull story D duck 31 The planes were delayed and the hotel was awful, but _ we still had good time A on the top of all that B on the contrary C for all that D by the same token 32 I was told yesterday that the car had been fixed but it’s broken down again! A even B still C yet D right 33 I with the performances but I got flu the day before A was to have helped B helped C was to help D had helped 34 Of the four new teachers, one is experienced and A the others are not B another is inexperienced C the other is not D other lacks experience 35 Some novels can be killed dead by bad reviews when they are first published A axe B hammer C rock D stone 36 His energy and optimism were a tribute, perhaps, to the life he advocated A deleterious B abstemious C amorphous D deciduous 37 The dispute was eventually resolved by a(n) decision of the arbitrator A interested B uninterested C disinterested D uninteresting 38 Don't thank me for helping in the garden It was pleasure to be working out of doors A plain B mere C single D sheer 39 My sister was a very _ woman, one day she would be happy, the next miserable A uncontrollable B uneven C temperamental D dispirited 40 She didn’t show even a of emotion when the court found her guilty A gleam B wink C flicker 41 The are against her winning a fourth consecutive gold medal A chances B bets C prospects D flash D odds 42 He will be sued for of contract if he does not what he promised A fracture B crack C rupture D breach 43 James could no longer bear the surroundings of the decrepit old house A oppressive C pressing B domineering D overbearing 44 You are not supposed to park on the hard _ except in an emergency A lane B shoulder 45 Some romantic novelists C leg D area out books with the same old formula every year A churn B spill C ladle D pour 29 34 39 44 30 35 40 45 Your answers: 26 31 36 41 27 32 37 42 28 33 38 43 Part For the questions 46-55, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided in the column on the right 46 In spite of the (PRIVATE) they had suffered, Your answers: 46 _ the wrecked sailors didn’t seem to have been seriously affected by their ordeal 47 The terms of the argument must be quite explicit, so that there is no possibility of (APPREHENSION) them 48 Marble is simply limestone that has been 47 _ 48 _ 49 _ (CRYSTAL) by heat or pressure 49 If he knows the job is (GAIN) , he will it 50 _ immediately 50 She is too (RETIRE) _to be in the crowd 51 _ and talk to somebody 51 According to a recent investigation, (JOB) _ is 52 _ 53 _ on the increase in our country 52 we give three research (FELLOW) a year 53 He is such a/an (KNOW) We have taught 54 _ 55 _ him this four times but he can’t on one aspect of it 54 Dog and cats are called (HOME) pets 55 This meeting may (FIGURE) an improvement in relations between two countries III READING (60 points) Part For questions 56-65, read the following text and fill in the blank with ONE suitable word Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes The Bwindi Impenetrable Forest in Uganda is impenetrable in more ways than (56) Not only is it nigh on impossible for visitors to trek through the thick undergrowth in their quest to spot the famed guerrilla inhabitants of the area (57) literally can the forest's former residents, the Batwa pygmy people, penetrate it at all Strictly (58) of course, the dense foliage does not prevent tourists from going in (59) of the great apes which dwell there; it just severely encumbers them as they trek However, notwithstanding the difficulty encountered as soon as they enter the leafy habitat, (60) in mind that at least they can access this magical place Entry is not an option afforded any longer to its original human inhabitants, the Batwa or Twa people The Batwa were evicted from the land in 1992 based on the Ugandan government’s desire to make it exclusively a guerrilla reserve - great for the ape inhabitants, yet you can't help (61) wonder how fair that was on the Batwa They appear to have got the (62) straw to say the least, receiving little compensation on account of hot being official landowners (63) their traditional nomadic way of life Since that time, they have been in a never-ending struggle for their very existence They cannot afford to (64) big and dream of a very cosy, rich lifestyle Instead, they want only (65) which everyone deserves a decent existence (Ahead with CPE) Your answers: 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Part For questions 66-75, read an extract from an article and choose the answer A, B, C or D that fits best according to the text Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided New ways of looking at history Though few modem readers are familiar with LP Hartley’s novel The GoBetween, many will know the novel’s often quoted opening line: ‘The past is a foreign country: they things differently there.’ In Hartley’s novel, published in 1953, the remark indicates the distance that separates an early narrator from the dramatic events of his youth But the phrase has since been gleefully adopted by historians hoping to dramatize the gulf between present and bygone ages This remoteness makes the past both alluring and incomprehensible It is the natural hurdle all historians must overcome to shed lights on earlier times Since the days of Herodotus, the father of history who lived 2500 years ago, it has had them scrambling for new ways to acquaint today’s audiences with yesterday’s events Amid the current mass of works of popular historical non-fiction, the question of how to bring history to life seems more pressing than ever The historian Ian Mortimer takes a literal approach: if the past is a foreign country, then a foreigner’s guidebook might help His book The Time Traveler’s Guide to Medieval England is exactly that, offering ‘an investigation into the sensations of being alive in different times’ The resulting portrait of the era is as lively and entertaining as it is informative Yet it is worth considering his claims about his own approach ‘In traditional history, what we can say about the past is dictated by the selection and interpretation of evidence.’ It would be foolish, however, to suppose that Mortimer’s own text has not relied on precisely this kind of selection Mortimer presents events as if they were unfolding, putting the facts in the present tense Yet the illusion of first-hand historical experience is shattered the moment we are thrown 50 years backwards or forwards in order to provide context Mortimer’s refusal to commit to a temporal point of view undermines the immediacy he attempts to convey Unlike Mortimer, Philip Matyszak, author of Ancient Rome on Five Denarii a Day, does not claim to tread new historiographical ground His aim is to inform and amuse, and in this he succeeds The light-hearted approach pays off, though it occasionally descends into juvenile and anachronistic humor: Oedipus is referred to as ‘he of the complex’ This raises the question of what readership the book is really aimed at Also, the problem with time-travellers’ guides is that they often say more about the people who wrote them than about the people they describe Mortimer’s avowal that ‘climate change is another factor affecting the landscape’ in 14th-century England reflects worries more modem than medieval While Matyszak’s assertion that ‘it is a common misconception among visitors that the Acropolis is the Parthenon’ sounds more like a complaint about the ignorance of today’s tourists ‘Understanding the past is a matter of experience as well as knowledge,’ Mortimer declares This may well be the manifesto for those who, not satisfied with virtual tours of history, take history into their own hands Historical re-enactors - yes, those individuals whose idea of fun is to dress up and stage mock battles - provide the most literal interpretation of history as experience Humorist Tim Moore set out to explore this world in his book I Believe in Yesterday In Berne, Switzerland, he suffers in the name of utter authenticity’ during the restaged siege of Grandson, circa 1474 In the US he endures a stint of ‘relentless and uncompromising immersion with re-enactment’s seasoned elite.' revisiting 1864’s battle of Red River during the American Civil War Moore’s quest for ‘my inner ancient’ is fueled by his anxieties about our modem inability to deploy the skills that came naturally to our ancestors More often, he finds, it is a ‘refreshingly simple impulse to get away from it all’ that gets people into period attire Many civil war re-enactors seek redress: ‘History is written by the winners but re- enactment gives the losers a belated chance to scribble in the margins.’ For others, it’s ‘a simple and truly heart-warming quest for gregarious community’ Perhaps re-enactment is the closest we can get to Mortimer’s ideal of what history should be: ‘A striving to make spiritual, emotional poetic, dramatic and inspirational connections with our forebears’ Interestingly, Mortimer quotes the poet WH Auden, who remarked that to understand your own country it helps to have lived in at least two others Perhaps the same applies to historical eras The central question, for popular historians and historical re-enactors alike, is not how to animate the past but how to make it cast light on us today (Objective Proficiency Practice Tests) 66 The quoted opening line of The Go-Between _ A accounts for the unfamiliarity of readers with the novel B serves as a figurative barrier separating the past and the present C encapsulates attempts made by historians D instills historians with a disrespect for remoteness 67 According to the passage, _ A all historians have presented carefully selected historical events to laypeople B the matter of enlivening history' has been of more urgency recently C historians have adopted traditional methods to introduce bygone events to readers for ages D Being impenetrable to outsiders renders history' somewhat humdrum 68 The writer suggests that Mortimer’s approach is flawed in the sense that _ A it heavily relies on the process of comprehending events B it completely runs counter to his claims, which results in confusion C it entails events to be illustrated as if they were happening D it fails to stick to a time-related perspective 69 Which of the following nouns best reflect the writer’s attitudes towards the books by Mortimer and Matyszak? A appreciation and criticism B disregard and hostility C reverence and admiration D acknowledgement and castigation 70 As indicated by the author, a shared characteristic of the books by Mortimer and Matyszak is that A they include inappropriate use of humor to convey the ideas B they are written from a viewpoint which remains unchanged throughout C they are clearer manifestations of the authors' concerns than of the topics D their target audience is left open to question by readers 71 The writer's choice of words in the fourth paragraph suggests that regarding activities in the field of historical re-enactment, the author harbors feelings of _ A cynicism B skepticism C enthusiasm D optimism 72 As mentioned in the text, a driving force behind the appeal of historical reenactment to some people is A the ability to envision themselves as famous historical figures B the possibility of corroborating their beliefs C the investigation into counterfactuals regarding life in the past D the chance to pretend to influence historical outcomes 73 All of the following reasons are given to explain the act of animating the past EXCEPT _ A.a sense of inferiority B.a form of escapism C a feeling of dissatisfaction D.a method of networking 74 What can be said about the historian Ian Mortimer? A He attaches little importance to abridging the distance between us and our ancestors B His book lends itself well to educating and entertaining his readers C He believes that comprehension of the past does not require one to experience it D He leads an expedition into the world of historical re-enactment in his books 75 The writer comes to the conclusion that historians as Mortimer, Matyszak and historical re-enactors A shares many characteristics with literary writing B mark another important development which will be a fad C can enrich our understanding of modern society D may well be the way forward for historians in general Your answers: 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Part For questions 76-88, read the following passage and the tasks that follow Love stories “Love stories” are often associated - at least in the popular imagination - with fairy tales, adolescent day dreams, Disney movies and other frivolous pastimes For psychologists developing taxonomies of affection and attachment, however, this is an area of rigorous academic pursuit Beginning in the early 1970s with the groundbreaking contributions of John Alan Lee, researchers have developed classifications that they believe better characterise our romantic predispositions This involves examining not a single, universal, emotional expression (“love”), but rather a series of divergent behaviours and narratives that each has an individualised purpose, desired outcome and state of mind Lee’s gritty methodology painstakingly involved participants matching 170 typical romantic encounters (e.g., “The night after I met X ”) with nearly 1500 possible reactions (“I could hardly get to sleep” or “I wrote X a letter”) The patterns unknowingly expressed by respondents culminated in a taxonomy of six distinct love “styles” that continue to inform research in the area forty years later The first of these styles - eros - is closely tied in with images of romantic love that are promulgated in Western popular culture Characteristic of this style is a passionate emotional intensity, a strong physical magnetism - as if the two partners were literally being “pulled” together - and a sense of inevitability about the relationship A related but more frantic style of love called mania involves an obsessive, compulsive attitude toward one’s partner Vast swings in mood from ecstasy to agony - dependent on the level of attention a person is receiving from his or her partner - are typical of manic love Two styles were much more subdued, however Storge is a quiet, companionate type of loving - “love by evolution” rather than “love by revolution”, according to some theorists Relationships built on a foundation of platonic affection and caring are archetypal of storge When care is extended to a sacrificial level of doting, however, it becomes another style - agape In an agape relationship one partner becomes a “caretaker”, exalting the welfare of the other above his or her own needs The final two styles of love seem to lack aspects of emotion and reciprocity altogether The ludus style envisions relationships primarily as a game in which it is best to “play the field” or experience a diverse set of partners over time Mutuallygratifying outcomes in relationships are not considered necessary, and deception of a partner and lack of disclosure about one’s activities are also typical While Lee found that college students in his study overwhelmingly disagreed with the tenets of this style, substantial numbers of them acted in a typically ludic style while dating, a finding that proves correct the deceit inherent in ludus Pragma lovers also downplayed emotive aspects of relationships but favoured practical, sensible connections Successful arranged marriages are a great example of pragma, in that the couple decides to make the relationship work; but anyone who seeks an ideal partner with a shopping list of necessary attributes (high salary, same religion, etc.) fits the classification Robert J Sternberg’s contemporary research on love stories has elaborated on how these narratives determine the shape of our relationships and our lives Sternberg and others have proposed and tested the theory of love as a story, “whereby the interaction of our personal attributes with the environment - which we in part create leads to the development of stories about love that we then seek to fulfil, to the extent possible, in our lives.” Sternberg’s taxonomy of love stories numbers far more, at twenty-six, than Lee’s taxonomy of love styles, but as Sternberg himself admits there is plenty of overlap The seventh story, Game, coincides with ludus, for example, while the nineteenth story, Sacrifice, fits neatly on top of agape Sternberg’s research demonstrates that we may have predilections toward multiple love stories, each represented in a mental hierarchy and varying in weight in terms of their personal significance This explains the frustration many of us experience when comparing potential partners One person often fulfils some expected narratives - such as a need for mystery and fantasy - while lacking the ability to meet the demands of others (which may lie in direct contradiction) It is also the case that stories have varying abilities to adapt to a given cultural milieu and its respective demands Love stories are, therefore, interactive and adaptive phenomena in our lives rather than rigid prescriptions Steinberg also explores how our love stories interact with the love stories of our partners What happens when someone who sees love as art collides with someone who sees love as a business? Can a Sewing story (love is what you make it) co-exist with a Theatre story (love is a script with predictable acts, scenes and lines)? Certainly, it is clear that we look for partners with love stories that complement and are compatible with our own narratives But they not have to be an identical match Someone who sees love as mystery and art, for example, might locate that mystery better in a partner who views love through a lens of business and humour Not all love stories, however, are equally well predisposed to relationship longevity; stories that view love as a game, as a kind of surveillance or as addiction are all unlikely to prove durable Research on love stories continues apace Defying the myth that rigorous science and the romantic persuasions of ordinary people are incompatible, this research demonstrates that good psychology can clarify and comment on the way we give affection and form attachments Look at the following statements and the list of styles in the box below Match each statement with the correct term, A-F Write the correct letter, A-F in the boxes provided NB You may use any letter more than once 76 My most important concern is that my partner is happy 77 I enjoy having many romantic partners 78 I feel that my partner and I were always going to end up together 79 I want to be friends first and then let romance develop later 80 I always feel either very excited or absolutely miserable about my relationship 81 I prefer to keep many aspects of my love life to myself 82 When I am in love, that is all I can think about 83 I know before I meet someone what qualities I need in a partner List of Love Styles A Eros B Mania C Storge D Agape E Ludus F Pragma 76 77 Questions 84-88 78 79 80 81 82 83 Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the reading passage? In boxes 9-13, write YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 84 Some of our love stories are more important to us than others 85 Our love stories can change to meet the needs of particular social environments 86 We look for romantic partners with a love story just like our own 87 The most successful partners have matching love stories 88 No love story is more suited to a long relationship than any other Your answers: 84 85 86 87 88 Part You are going to read an extract from an article Seven paragraphs have been removed Select from the paragraphs (A-H) the one that fits each gap (89-95) There is one extra paragraph that you not need to use A Race to Remember Imagine, if you will, charging across sand dunes at a speed of 100 kilometers per hour, with sand flying up at the windscreen while you try to maintain control of the wheel and your navigator attempts to maintain their compass steady at 25 degrees north-northwest, so you don't divert from your course Now, imagine that scenario taking place over eight hours in a single day and over a period of around 12 days That is the reality of the world-renowned Dakar Rally 89 This year the race took place in Saudi Arabia with a total of 310 vehicles, made up of motorbikes and cars, amongst many other categories, and only 206 of those vehicles crossed the finish line One individual that made it through this brutal event was Frederique Le Salles for whom it was his second rally “Although, my first Dakar Rally was five years ago, I’ve dreamed about coming back ever since It took me all that time to raise the funds to enter again, and I’m overjoyed to finally return.” 90 As these examples show, the Rally truly does get under people’s skin, with the same competitors returning multiple times This gives them the benefit of experience, which is an essential attribute in this competition Without the modem necessities of GPS, knowing what the race takes in terms of the trials and tribulations, gives oldtimers an important mental advantage in the race, and many taking part more than once because of this 91 The event originated from the experience of a man called Thierry Sabine who became so adrift from the course in the 1977 Abidjan-Nice Rally that he realized his detour would make for a great race In itself The first Dakar Rally started in Dakar in Africa and finished in Paris, skirting around the edges of the Sahara Desert, a grueling 10,000 kilometre trip 92 It is here that I spoke to competitors about their expectations of and concerns for the race, as well as finding out a bit about their preparation for an unyielding few weeks of fierce, motor rating The responses I received didn’t vary wildly - participants’ preparation was always meticulous, 93 One rally driver, who is on his fifth race, told me that he believes a lot of the rally is down to luck “It takes just a split second to make a mistake, and so, it doesn’t matter if you’ve driven brilliantly for thousands of kilometers, because all you need is one meter to go wrong, and you crash out It’s happened to me twice and it’s a completely soul- crushing experience.” 94 Whether this is truly enough to be ready, only time will tell While the financial rewards for winning aren't publicized (although rumor has it that they are relatively low), the accolade of winning is certainly something money can't buy However, this doesn't mean that the rally is unprofitable for all, and there are some enterprising routes to make the rally a little more lucrative 95 Missing paragraphs: A Such is the commitment to compete that one racer, Chris Cork, sold his house in the UK in order to secure a place on the 2015 Dakar Rally Unfortunately, he crashed out on the fourth day and had to undergo a difficult recovery procedure for his injuries Undeterred, he came back the next year to compete, with financial help from well- wishers who were touched by his story B Although some entrants go it alone, with the bare-minimum requirements needed to participate, there are many other participants who sign up with companies andreceive sponsor bonuses depending on their performance in each round While finishing a round may be in the hands of fate, it is far more beneficial to it with sponsorship, as many successful rally winners know C As a motorsport reporter, I’ve been fortunate enough to follow this competition for the last five years, and it never ceases to amaze me how tough and committed each racer is Rainer man a test of driving, or navigation, it is simply an epic feat of endurance Racers are required to fix their vehicles themselves while on a stage, and there is not even a great probability that they will be able to finish, with most competitors crashing out or breaking down on the route D Perhaps the main appeal for these riders is that it offers a sense of adventure that is hard to parallel The Rally covers lots of harsh terrain and the course is simply a series of written directions In addition to that, if they don’t have any overnight repairs to keep them busy, many drivers find themselves sleeping in tents alongside their vehicles, giving them just enough time to recuperate and get back on the ride Indeed, unlike many racing events, there is little luxury to be had, and this has always been the case with the Dakar Rally E There was lot of focus, as with every rally before, on the terrain, and the best ways to cope with it 75% of the rally would take place on sand, and a great deal on sand dunes This means hill climbs and sheer drops, and little ability to spot landmarks to help you know where you are And remember, if you get your directions wrong, it can take you hours to catch up F Fortunately, for many people, the Dakar Rally is a labour of love, but budget can make a significant difference to your opportunities of succeeding While amateurs may be sleeping aside their vehicles relying on themselves for any repairs, professionals will have a team that can take care of their every need at the end of each stage G Although for many years Africa was its home, the location of the Rally has not remained static, it transferred to a different continent altogether, South America, from 2009 to 2019, and more lately to Saudi Arabia, where the vehicles have had to compete with the Middle Eastern deserts, and their scorching days and nearly freezing nights H Others are more concerned with how they’ll keep their momentum up “This will be our third race, and we think we’ve finally discovered what we need to really compete with the best We’ve come to realise that the race is about resilience and technical ability, and we've been training with sleep deprivation and motor repair exercises to make sure we’ve got both these qualities.” Your answers: 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 Part The passage below consists of five sections marked A-E For questions 96105, read the passage and the task that follows Write your answers (A-E) in the corresponding numbered boxes provided A Throwaway living took off in the second half of the 20th century Disposable coffee cups, plastic stirrers, and plates that could be tossed in the bin 'improved' our lives Global plastic production soared from 1.5 million tonnes in 1950 to nearly 200 million tonnes in 2002 Today, it's reached the 300 million tonne mark Reports of ocean garbage patches suggest that much of that plastic eventually ends up in our seas Take a boat out far enough and you'll witness bottles, toy figurines, roller balls from underarm deodorants and thousands of plastic sandals all floating around in the sea A project called The Ocean Cleanup has been testing floating platforms for collecting bigger bits of plastic, but they cannot deal with microplastics Microplastics is the technical term for tiny pieces of plastic They are so finely shredded by ocean currents that they’re impossible to spot front a boat and are easily mistaken for food by sea creatures B A recent study by Marcus Eriksen one of the co-founders of Gyres, the organization that studies plastic pollution in the seas, suggests that at least five trillion pieces of plastic, altogether weighing in at over 268,000 tonnes, are floating around near the surface of the sea An incredible 92 per cent of the pieces are microplastics According to Eriksen we’ll have to live with what’s already out there "It's going to sink, it's going to get buried, it's going to fossilize.” he says "There’s no efficient means to clean up kilometers down on the ocean floor." No one really knows what damage all that stranded microplastic is doing, but the hope is that once it's mixed up with the sediment, it's doing less of it Yet the clouds of microplastics swirling in the water column pose a problem The debris is easy for marine life to swallow, but the gunk that the plastics collect – such as pollution and bacteria - are also a threat C In May 2014 chemist Alexandra Ter Halle joined the Seventh Continent Expedition to the north Atlantic Ocean with the aim of analysing the gunk She collected samples and is now analysing her data back at Paul Sabatier University in Toulouse France, to work out why some plastics attract pollution as they age "The difficulty lies in the fact that there are so many plastics, of different colours, shapes and compositions," she says "It's difficult to extract a trend from all those pieces." Ter Halle believes the answer is prevention She says that switching to biodegradable plastics could offer part of that solution While the first generation of biodegradables just broke down into smaller pieces, the second generation may have some utility Ter Halle suggests that they could, for instance, be handy for shopping bags D Yet Prof Richard Thompson, a marine biologist at Plymouth University, believes that the very notion of biodegradable plastic is flawed "The idea that you could build into a plastic a feature that would enable it to fulfil its life in service without deteriorating and then, the minute it becomes an item of litter, it somehow' rapidly and harmlessly degrades it kind of seems like you're aspiring towards the impossible," he says He recently attended a workshop in Portugal involving over 50 people from around Europe, including scientists, policymakers and industry types eager to offer ideas for solving the problem But there was a shortage of cutting-edge solutions "From my perspective, there was nothing new from any of the participants," he says "A range of solutions are known to us, but it’s more about translating that into action." E To dramatically reduce the amount of plastic accumulating in the oceans, the 'loop' of producing and recycling plastics would have to become a closed one This means that any material leaving the system as waste would enter it again as a renewable resource One option is banning certain types of plastics for particular applications, such as the plastic microbeads used in facial scrubs and toothpastes These tiny particles - often measuring less than Imm - wash straight down the sink and arc too small to be filtered out at the waterworks All plastic products would need to be designed with an end-of-life care package In short, solving the plastic problem in the oceans means solving plastic pollution, full stop In which section are the following mentioned? Your answers: 96 97 98 The importance of responsible product design Potential improvement of an innovation Contemporary lifestyles eventuating undesirable 96 97 98 99 consequences A popularly held solution to plastic contamination being 99 rejected 100 A lack of new and advanced ideas about dealing with pollution problems 101 Uncertainty about the extent of the harm caused to ocean ecosystems 102 Plastic pollution impinging on aesthetic values 100 _ 101 _ 102 _ 103 _ 104 _ 103 The necessity of putting ideas into practice 105 _ 104 A consequence of plastic pollution that will remain 105 Scientific study of pollution hampered by the variety of plastic D WRITING (60 points) Part 1: Read the following passage and use your own words to summarise it Your summary should be between 100 – 120 words There is a great concern in Europe and North America about declining standards of literacy in schools In Britain, the fact that 30 per cent of 16 year olds have a reading age of 14 or less has helped to prompt massive educational changes The development of literacy has far-reaching effects on general intellectual development and thus anything which impedes the development of literacy is a serious matter for us all So the hunt is on for the cause of the decline in literacy The search so far has focused on socio-economic factors, or the effectiveness of 'traditional' versus 'modern' teaching techniques The fruitless search for the cause of the increase in illiteracy is a tragic example of the saying 'They can't see the wood for the trees' When teachers use picture books, they are simply continuing a long-established tradition that is accepted without question And for the past two decades, illustrations in reading primers have become increasingly detailed and obtrusive, while language has become impoverished sometimes to the point of extinction Amazingly, there is virtually no empirical evidence to support the use of illustrations in teaching reading On the contrary, a great deal of empirical evidence shows that pictures interfere in a damaging way with all aspects of learning to read Despite this, from North America to the Antipodes, the first books that many school children receive are totally without text As they grow older, many children turn aside from books without pictures, and it is a situation made more serious as our culture becomes more visual It is hard to wean children off picture books when pictures have played a major part throughout their formative reading experiences, and when there is competition for their attention from so many other sources of entertainment The least intelligent are most vulnerable, but tests show that even intelligent children are being affected ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… Part The chart shows 31st Sea Games medal tally Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant You should write about 150 words RANKINGS VIETNAM THAILAND INDONESIA PHILIPPINE GOLD 205 92 69 52 SILVER 125 103 91 70 BRONZE 116 136 81 104 TOTAL 446 331 241 226 S SINGAPORE MALAYSIA 47 39 46 45 73 90 166 174 ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… Part 3: Write an essay of about 350 words on the following topic From the next year, students will have right to select certain groups of subjects to learn and history will become an optional subject Is this a positive or negative trend? ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… - THE END Họ tên người đề: Bùi Thị Vân Anh Số điện thoại: 0977 581 589