The effect of antibiotics on thermophilic blue-green algae

Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1971 The effect of antibiotics on thermophilic blue-green algae Erleen Blanche Christenson Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Bacteriology Commons, Plant Biology Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits you Recommended Citation Christenson, Erleen Blanche, "The effect of antibiotics on thermophilic blue-green algae" (1971) Dissertations and Theses Paper 1451 https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.1450 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: pdxscholar@pdx.edu UUS'!'B1C'f (JI 1U ftalS or .tel' 01 Sol Sa Biolocr h'l BlauM Cbt tw tile '"au , 14, 1m file tue , ' i of llia _ eell i file -JI08lU- fit al _1 u ie u et .u ., to u wall fit &lcM " k.t ._ - - ~ • ." , ""Jan 0"", , , .,U-.1 4aat.u••• 0.11• , 'li 111_ aJ.pe u.W wltll , of llia , , , haI.a1Wa bid"" or Ju.cy.tl ai4v.1ya and Smpootccv l1y14U1 11l cOIloutratiou or ,.0 /-,11111 alt4 0.0, ){tI/al "spaoti"17 However, ftU 0., ,;tfdl11 or growth peJdoillin as 844.4 to AMolIU:! ftl ob.,ned n14~w, an in:1tial lac pbA ot powtIl POlsibl reuOIl8 tor tht an AA'8.t.d aa4 rerut ot pertinellt zpem.Jltl an MloUlI.d 10 11ailu 186 s DOted StreptolQ'oiD l1'Jh1bl ted p-owth ot both peal wh.n ,re••llt 111 , ia putt.a;I ~ fat til_ ~"'I:-".""" The _HZ'll of tb.e c ttte appove tM \hee'e of Erleen IlaaOba CbIt.te••oD ~.e.te4 x., 24 1911 t of 1101011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer would like to thank Dr B E Lippert tor advioe and aaaiatano in the experimentation, for oheoktng ~a manuaoript with hia aver ready z.d pen, and tor introducing her to the aarveloua world ot alau ThaDlta alao to Dr Earl Fiaher, Jr., who aa ray firat adviaor, p"" enoourage nt when it waa needed And a a,e01al thank 701l to ay huaband, Wea, who procra-d the data tor the ,rapha, and &lao aerved &8 pa7oholo!iat, orale builder, and helpmate theae paat two 7eara TABLE OF CONTENTS ACDO'LElXJIiitlEn'S • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , LIst' OF TABLES • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • LIST or rmUBES • • • ill • • • • • • • Tii • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Jluoopepiilde In !M Cell Wall • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • IftRODUCTION • • • • • • • • • • • • • .101O • , AotloD ot Penioillln • • • • • • • • • • • • Eddenoe , hesence Ot )luoopepUde In :Blue-Green Algae Meohani or • • • • • • • • • • 10 PreY10ue Wes ot AnUbiotio Efteot On Blue-GfteD.ll.pe ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • 10 The Aoiion ot St~pi~oin • • • • • • • • • • Cell Wall Gzowth aDd Dlvieion In ProO&r,Joiiee D••oripiiiOD Ot MATERIALS AND UmODS The Organiama RESULTS 1O 1O.1O The 1/ • • • • • • • • • Probl • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Optiul T_pe:raiillfts PorTb.e1'llOph1110 Orp;rd._ 11 12 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Cell Counts • • 11 • 1O" 20 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Etteat Ot PH Oa Growth • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The Gram Sta1n • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• Etteat Of Penioillin On tR"II~1 Ri'¥l'P' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 24 v Probable Explanationa For SurviTal Ia Pe.a101Uln • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Erreot ot Pe.a1oillin • • • • • • • On SYleobpc990j! 11!14ua • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • '1 Effeot Of Streptomyoin On Macl,t& DISCUSSIOIf and Smeoh9loow • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • S t1ona For FUrther Re.earoh • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • " 39 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • CONCLUSIONS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 42 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4' LIST OF TABLES t P1"11101,.1 O.poun' ot C.11 Wall • • • • • • II IV e 14 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 15 Cha:ng•• In JIll Aoo_,~ Of SlD!ph2l999U1 1&!l4ul , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • C«-10 Me4illlll III e41_ D Cbugee In pi Of AaaIl:IU! AO~Dg 4l2'Ow'th ••••••••••••• 25 Gl'OW'th Rlf.1J.aI • • • a • • • • • • • • • • • 26 '''' et Ol .t_ ea4 Aei4 • Gaua1 StlUtaft , Ii , •• ot t Oe11 'aU ~ • • • • • I • • • • • I c.n wan , .•••• Siatl_ of lAP aact If'Id.ae •••••••• • • • • • • 1'.ln" _"II JU.UOJIle of " 'f • ' • • •, at 'fU'J'bc , , • • • • • • • ",' ~ : 10 Btt••, of ha-X ­ SI "",., • • • • • 19 "I.'M' aUlm • · · · JO e'llD'M! JdMw ,I a,", , _ ft=ad' eUJ' · · · , lUAb•••• " ,.t Stft,ua.r.s.a_ 14 Itt 12 II 12 '-'e.t, IftHt at ha1oU1iMa &Un,.t 19 with , II Pn_t • • • • • • • 11 mMt ot , l' 11 ~ , ••••n'" ".', , lhIl" & > 1000 875 750 >­ I - 625 t -f (j) Z W 500 a: • U 375 t;!) f-­ a : • 250 • x x • x x • 125 •• 10 1520 25 30 DAY OF RERDING FIGURE le TE6T FOR EFFECT OF PENICILLINASE ON RNRCY6TI6 NIOULRN6 -::0.3 I'IICROGRAtVt'L PEN-Nfl WITH PENICILLIFlSE )=0.3 t1ICROGAA!1/tL WlTH EXTRACT FROM RNRCl6TIG (1)=0.3 t1ICROGRflI1/YiL PEN-NFl GROWTH VER6\JG TInE " IUI52i 9l sU!US!PJ1n Qa AgwlSil Ali SWMnoPIM When oOlloentrat1ona of st"pt~o.1D ot 0,.0,/,,-.1 added at the tiM ot 1n.oou.lat1on, powtll 01' ft 1Dh1b1 ted 1D above wen both ol'plliae H O.OO'JAr/al No in! Ual lac pbue oba.ned ilL the ezperiunt8 and naul t abon4 1"'er DOnal trOWth or ooaplete 1Dh1'bltlO1l 0.00,/ rial, where ADao7et1 pt" with SlII• • added When 1.5 rq/-.1 stnptavoiA adde' to a pbaae poriJa lewled ott tor a"zodaatel1' deona.e The 'eoft ill Arn:, ", wi ttl SUltJaalPRIM OM It and in 10£ thea "pa to AJuDS& howeYeZ' was IaOn rapid &ad q,U1te obdou the tint dq after stnpt-"o1n added (See J'1.ev,fta l' u4 14) 1000 B75 750 >­ - 625 t -i (j) Z w 500 • -' a: u ~ • 375 •• • (L • STREPTOMYCIN AODED RT DAYS 0011( 250 • • 0 0 125 10 15 20 DRY OF RERDING FIGURE 13 EFFECT Or STREPTOMYCIN ON ANACYSTlS NIDULANS GROWTH VERSUS TIME 25 -3~ " 1000 675 • • 750 >­ ~ 625 • 500 ~6TREfTDHYCIN AT 9DRY6 ADDED t -4 (J) Z W -1 a:: u 375 o l­ • •0 0 • (L o 250 • 125 • 10 15 20 25 DAY OF RERDING FIGURE 14 EFFECT or STREPTOMYCIN ON 6YNEC~OCOCCU6 LIVIDUG OROWT~ VERSUS TII'lE -=CONTROL (!)=WIT~ 6TREPTOMYCIN -3~ DISCUSSIOll "Uli!! M411M' aa4 SUIUI!!!! linda pr1Jlarll1 aho.en experiaeatal O~"8 b.oaQ•• ii wa d hi8bl7 d••irabl to u•• pure GUl ture and ihe .re the peo1 that w.n tft'tld t ••l,y a tlabl 18 a.nio cODd1t1oa WOS'IE prope•••d it beO&M na4117 app&nDt the al we &4 t _ for other fta.oa•••••11 that The, ' " ' rea.onab17 11 18 the di& u.ed and nached ccapa:n.t1ft17 larp oell _bel' per unt t vol In &dd1t10D, daoe fIZ'OWtb reoordeel 'by _pl071ac optical deu1t7 teohD1q"., it ft8 Il.oe.aar;r \0 ba hoao ou• •ol_tioH or ihe , bl"e -&'fte alpe te."ed, the two -'.mopbiUo peo1 1Illowe4 h . • nadJ.17 srorih or, i •••• aDd el'l1y di.pened ca tONed, ~out & peUet which could be the 4iu Al.o _cau.e il1O:teaa1 , t_pezatuz.e of aDd t an OUI"J:8at wor14 po'bl it that 1101'8 iutOJ.'ll&tion OIl ihezaophil•• will be or ftlue A wide raqw of initial pIl allowed powth of 'both i •• t orpat Al thoup D ediu an ••••ntla111 unbuffeft4 olution, it ob••ned that tinal pHe are in the narrow 1'8Jl88 of 1n1 Ual pH tended to 7.7 - 8.4 The taot 'ihAt hipS' 81 .11ghtll higher final pBs waa not oonai4ered to b signifioant 'the literat11re ••••• to indicate an &gr• • •at UlOftg worJten thst the cell walle of b1u-green algae are 1J1a11ar to BrUl-l18ptift 'bacteria (Frank, Lefort, aDd Martin, 1962) DNW aad lIeyer (1964) 8tq the mucopeptide lqer in 81ãã -ô".n algae ie aiJailar to that tovad ingna­ positive Daoteria R.oent17, at J Ja&1n (Per.ouJ o wdoation) 1I0te the '7 a_tnfiotion of Mutatis g14!1ana being 11t1 w to qui til low cono.ntfttiona ot penioillin, and yet being 01ae8e4 a .pU The gram tai lIhowed lJoth ArMagY'1jl, and SDlJli.cZs899 to be graa-n.pti., With only thia 'Y1dence, how r lt would perhapa l:Mt tenuoua to etate they are lIOre to sraa-nagatift 'bacteria, ewn thOUlh it 18 8~i1&1' liON generally a.eJ1'••d that thia is the cue Although pellieilllll doe not \l8U&ll, arfaot gNII-ne8&tt orpDi•• 808 111' u £1'Ul-po.itiTe, thaft the appeanaoa ot an initial lag ph in te.ta wi thbaoxat&, Th "uon tor the oba.1"'nd 1., in Aft&Oyatie with O.'.~1I1 of panloillin ,relent, oannot be definit.ly sta.ted bpar1men.ta gaT no eTidenoe tbat _tant tn.1na say haw ari.en, since c.ll growing with penioil11n , "••nt d14 not Nut diffenatty than untreat.d oel18 TheN u ~.n acain xpo.ed to penioillin Tirtua1~ no experillental viden.oe to 8U&fJeat that pen icl11ina beta, produo.d -, Aptola,l &ad therefore the poe.i"11t, ~i tMe cOtt1d De the factor cauaill8 th imtial lag pha.e t ruled ou.t Sinoe theft wa& only one 1n.tanoe in which the ,.e.no or the aleal exiraot appeared to iDh1b1 t the actioa ot peniolllin it 11&7 be that thi to experimeatal ~ Thia alJiltt, to ten.oi the acttdy of the 4ft& ill thia xoeptiODal cae oould poaa11tl,y 1Mt 4_ H t wa 4_ euli.~ autatieu1 Bow.wZ', tllie cn<a:n DOt teet.4 apia 'betore d1.oa.rd1ltc ud It i knowa that penicillia 1'&,1417 de ten , ••••• k.pt at wap­ e1'&wrel abow 4