Key players in Dutch urban renewal Urban renewal policy in NL = Frank Wassenberg • • • OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies • • Jaffalaan 9, 2628 BX Delft, the Netherlands Tel: 31 (0)15 2784461, fax: 31 (0)15 2783450 email: f.a.g.wassenberg@tudelft.nl • London, LSE, December 2008 • A local activity Aimed at differentiation, social mix and housing mix Mixed housing measures: demolition, renovation, new building, sale Overrepresented in areas with social rented sector Aimed at: 20-40% less social sector housing (-20-40%), and more owner occupied housing (+20-40%) Integrated with other soc-ec aims: elderly, facilities, jobs, social aims, environment, etc) Participation of many actors LSE, London OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies Naam van de presentatie OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies Physical measures: renovation, demolition Differentiation Florida Atlantic University, USA 19 OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies Actors in urban renewal Actor: the State Investors s ner ns itia olic p l a Loc Front o ffice Police Sports Ho u s ing a ssocia tions ts n a it Inhab Shopkee Care ch ur Ow State y Municipalit Ch architects Builders ants Future ten O utside pers rs ima ge School LSE, London Big City Policy, from 1994 onwards Contracts with local governments Urban renewal = physical, social and economical Focus national urban renewal policy NL: • 30 cities (in Big City Policy) • 56 areas (2003; in 30 cities; 500.000 dwellings) • 40 worst areas (2007; in 18 cities; 350.000 dwellings) • A new minister (Vogelaar Van der Laan) • • • • OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies Frank Wassenberg, OTB, TU Delft, LSE, London, December 2008 Actor: the local level Actor : housing associations (HA) • Historical strong role local government • Area based developments • Integrated approach, combining physical, social, economic • Change from government to governance • Collaborative planning, partnerships, process • 35% of all housing = 2.4 million = HA = social housing = public housing • 99+% of all social/public housing = HA ã ắ of all rented housing = HA • Council housing (ca 20%) dropped in 1990s • Size HA = 200 - 70.000 dwellings (average - 5.000) • New housing stock (80% > 1945) • 50% are single family dwellings, 50% multi-family • Social sector (HA) is not residual or stigmatised Housing associations and the social housing stock HA and urban renewal 5000 1000 4500 4000 900 800 3500 700 3000 600 2500 2000 500 400 1500 300 1000 500 200 100 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 social housing stock (x1000), left axis number of housing associations (right axis) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 • Strong property position in urban renewal areas • Overall strong financial position • Hybrid organisation: ‘market investor with a social (non-profit) aim’ • No government money to housing renewal • No/hardly government money to housing construction • Instead: debate ‘Can housing associations pay (more) for social aims / liveability issues ?’ • Who initiates and takes the lead? average housing stock (left axis) Source: CBS, Central Fund for housing (CFV) LSE, London OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies Housing associations (HA) in urban renewal • • • • HA show different policies in urban renewal: Active?: Good maintenance vs Flow (sale, buy, build) Issues?: or: Providing only housing Or: also ‘social property’ (schools, care, shops) Or: also social development (jobs, schooling programmes) Aim?: HA for providing a safety net vs serving as a trampoline stimulate collectivity vs stimulate own responsibilities Debate • • • • • What should HA do? Who initiates urban renewal process? Who pays? Role of inhabitants? Who is the HA? LSE, London 12 OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies Frank Wassenberg, OTB, TU Delft, LSE, London, December 2008