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Dịch vụ công tác xã hội đối với người lao động nhập cư khu vực kinh tế phi nhà nước từ thực tiễn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Dịch vụ công tác xã hội đối với người lao động nhập cư khu vực kinh tế phi nhà nước từ thực tiễn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Dịch vụ công tác xã hội đối với người lao động nhập cư khu vực kinh tế phi nhà nước từ thực tiễn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Dịch vụ công tác xã hội đối với người lao động nhập cư khu vực kinh tế phi nhà nước từ thực tiễn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Dịch vụ công tác xã hội đối với người lao động nhập cư khu vực kinh tế phi nhà nước từ thực tiễn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Dịch vụ công tác xã hội đối với người lao động nhập cư khu vực kinh tế phi nhà nước từ thực tiễn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Dịch vụ công tác xã hội đối với người lao động nhập cư khu vực kinh tế phi nhà nước từ thực tiễn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Dịch vụ công tác xã hội đối với người lao động nhập cư khu vực kinh tế phi nhà nước từ thực tiễn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Dịch vụ công tác xã hội đối với người lao động nhập cư khu vực kinh tế phi nhà nước từ thực tiễn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Dịch vụ công tác xã hội đối với người lao động nhập cư khu vực kinh tế phi nhà nước từ thực tiễn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Dịch vụ công tác xã hội đối với người lao động nhập cư khu vực kinh tế phi nhà nước từ thực tiễn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.Dịch vụ công tác xã hội đối với người lao động nhập cư khu vực kinh tế phi nhà nước từ thực tiễn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES PHAM THANH HAI SOCIAL WORK SERVICES FOR MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE NON-STATE ECONOMIC SECTOR FROM PRACTICE IN HO CHI MINH CITY Sector: Social Works Code: 976 01 01 SUMMARY OF PHD DISSERTATION ON SOCIAL WORKS HANOI – 2022 This dissertation was completed at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Scientific advisor: Prof Dr Nguyen Huu Minh Dr Le Hai Thanh Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof Dr Do Thi Van Anh Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Nhu Trang Reviewer 3: Dr Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy This work will be defended in front of the Academy-level Dissertation Grading Committee meeting at the Academy of Social Sciences at … The dissertation will be found at: - National Library of Vietnam - Library of the Academy of Social Sciences SOCIAL WORK SERVICES FOR MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE NONSTATE ECONOMIC SECTOR FROM THE PRACTICE IN HCM CITY INTRODUCTION Statement of the problem The majority of migrants in Vietnam, according to recent statistics, tend to select migration destinations that are close to home There are 6.4 million migrants among the 88.4 million persons aged and older, or 7.3 % [123] Particularly, many periurban areas in Ho Chi Minh City have experienced and are undergoing rapid urbanization This has produced an appealing force for migrant flows from other regions, overburdening Ho Chi Minh City with urbanization A number of earlier studies conducted in Vietnam have demonstrated that some migrant workers face discrimination or marginalization in society because they are not acknowledged as legitimate community members, and the majority of them are unaware of where to find information on relevant policies, programs, and services [64], [135] As a result, they frequently have trouble integrating into society and have limited access to social services in urban regions This group is thought to be underprivileged and requires prompt intervention support from social work activities Social work is a relatively new profession in Vietnam, and many people don't completely understand it However, a legislative pathway was established to gradually build the professional social work profession after the Prime Minister published the Project on Developing the Social Work Profession on March 25, 2010, and put it into practice At the same time, it influences society and state officials' perceptions of the social work profession in a good way Numerous local and foreign social groups in Vietnam have run programs and projects involving social work activities to help the area's migrant workers during the past few years in Ho Chi Minh City However, there aren't many mass organizations or social groups in this region that offer social work services to migrant workers The subjects who have a high need for social work services, who make up roughly to 8% of the population, have not yet had their demand "awaken" as a result of hurdles to awareness and service availability low-quality, undiversified services [67] On the other hand, there are still few research studies in the field of social work on social work services for migrant workers in rural areas As a result, a database for intervention social work activities will be created from the study "Social work services for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector from practice in Ho Chi Minh City." direct interaction with migrant workers in the rural tourism sector of large cities Due to study on social work, particularly social work services to help migrant workers in the non-state economic sector, this is a new research direction that is urgently needed The research aims and objectives 2.1 Research aim The purpose of this study is to investigate the theory, practice, and factors that influence social work services for migrant workers From there, we suggest a number of actions to support service growth and enhance service use for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector in Ho Chi Minh City 2.2 Research objectives The following tasks must be completed by the thesis in order to fulfill its stated purpose: - A review of previous research connected to social work services for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector conducted worldwide and Vietnam - Develop a systematic approach to the theoretical issue of social work services provided to migrant workers in the non-state economic sector - Conduct a survey, evaluate the situation as it is, and identify the variables influencing social work services for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector - To determine the viability of various initiatives to advance service development and enhance the utilization of social work services for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector, put forth and organize experimental measures Research subject and scope 3.1 Research subject Social work services for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector 3.2 Research scope The scope of the study Regarding social work services, there are many different types of services This thesis focuses on researching a number of services such as: information service about safe accommodation; consulting and consulting services; vocational training, employment and livelihood support services; services to support migrant workers' children to access public education; connection and transfer services, etc.) In terms of influencing factors: Social work services for migrant workers working in the non-state economic sector are affected by many different factors This thesis focuses on clarifying the influence of a group of subjective and objective factors, including: Characteristics of migrant workers working in the non-state economic sector; Team of social workers; Information and communication on social work services; Resources, support networks and mechanisms, policies and laws Participants The participants comprise 420 researchers with a minimum of six months of experience in the non-state economic sector Research site The study concentrates on a few districts in Ho Chi Minh City, including District 12, Binh Tan District, and District 8, where there are a lot of migrant workers working in the non-state economic sector Execution time The thesis was conducted from October 2018 to September 2021 3.3 Research Question - What is the current status of social work services for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector in Ho Chi Minh City? - What factors affect social work services for migrant workers in the non-state sector in Ho Chi Minh City? - What measures should be taken to promote social work services for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector in Ho Chi Minh City? 3.4 Hypothesis - Migrant workers in the non-state economic sector still use social work services at a relatively low rate - The social work services provided to migrant workers in the non-state economic sector are influenced by a variety of circumstances at varying degrees Research Methodology 4.1 Methods To clarify the contents of the thesis, the author relies on selective absorption of the human rights approach and ensuring human rights in accessing basic social services In fact, human rights are not only enshrined in law but also in the methodology of social work: (1) human rights, (2) fairness, (3) professional ethics and principles govern all activities of the Social Worker Besides, to clarify the research issues, the thesis uses some theories in social work such as theory of needs, theory of systems 4.2 Research instruments 4.2.1 Literiture review 4.2.2 Questionnaires 4.2.3 Delphi analysis 4.2.4 Follow-up interview 4.2.5 Experiment 4.2.6 SPSS Implication Through theoretical research, the thesis has reviewed and analyzed the contributions made by a number of research works in the world and in Vietnam related to social work services for the migrant workers in the rural tourism sector At the same time, it also points out gaps that need additional research The thesis also clarifies the theory as well as points out the actual status of using social work services with the migrant workers in the rural areas, the ability to use the services of the migrant workers from the average level or higher and the heterogeneous expression between the services Social work services in the community have been established, provided by professional and semi-professional social workers in public service providers, mainly, non-public facilities are less involved in providing However, the provided social services still not have the full characteristics, the nature of the service, the professionalism is not high, the network of social work service delivery in the communities where people reside is small and affects the health of the community the ability to use the services of the migrant workers in the current nonstate economic sector From there, the thesis will experiment with the solution: “Strengthen communication activities, diversify forms and communication channels to raise awareness and increase the ability to use social work services with the migrant workers in the rural economic zone The experimental results show that the strengthening of information and communication activities about the service will significantly change the ability to use social work services and help the migrant workers in the area to increase their rights to solve the problems they are facing right The significance of the research 6.1 Theoretical significance The study of this topic is significant because it adds to the theoretical underpinnings of social work services generally and research workers specifically The thesis has added to and finished a number of theoretical questions on social work services for migrant workers based on analysis and inheritance of research works on this subject The thesis has highlighted various social work service manifestations, assessment standards, and factors that affect social work services for migrant workers in rural tourism areas 6.2 Practical significance The research results have clarified the actual status of some social work services for migrant workers such as: Information service about safe accommodation; consulting and consulting services; vocational training, employment and livelihood support services; educational access support services; connection and transfer services, etc At the same time, the thesis shows the current status of the following factors: Staff of service providers; characteristics of research workers to social work services; support resources; policy mechanisms; Information, communication and facilities activities affect social work services for migrant workers in the area On the other hand, the research results will help service providers, committees, branches and mass organizations in the community better understand social work services to propagate education to raise awareness about social work profession as well as strengthen , perfecting the development of the social work service delivery network in the community Organization of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of published works, list of references, appendices, the thesis includes chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of the research situation - Chapter 2: Theory of social work services for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector - Chapter 3: Status of social work services for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector in Ho Chi Minh City - Chapter 4: Solutions to improve the ability to use social work services of migrant workers in the non-state economic sector and experiment with measures to strengthen communication activities Chapter 1: LITERITURE REVIEW 1.1 In the word 1.1.1 Previous studies on the status and trends of migration and immigration in the non-state economic sector Through our research, we find that there are quite a few related studies on migration and immigration in Asia, such as that of Skeldon (1992); Huguest (1995); Pongsapich (1995); Martin (1996); Hayase, 2003; Asian countries generally export labor under labor contracts [41] The studies have mentioned the policy gaps for migrant workers and there is a need for further research on policies to support the better integration of foreign-owned migrant workers in the destination area 1.1.2 Previous studies on the accessibility to social security policies of migrant workers in the non-state economic sector Previous studies have demonstrated that migrant workers employed in the nonstate economic sector not have access to many basic urban necessities including clean water, drainage, transportation, etc Their ability to access social services like health and education is a barrier to their development in the target country In addition, the studies noted a variety of variables influencing migrant workers' access to social security programs and regulations Another policy hole for migratory workers who have few rights and advantages when using social services at their destination is this one 1.1.3 Previous studies on social work services for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector Studies have revealed that migrant workers have a significant demand for social services in their new communities, but that these requirements are not being met by the social services that are currently available Social professionals employ a range of roles, depending on the needs of each client, to help migrant workers with their issues In order to promote the capacity building of migrant employees and find solutions to your difficulties, there is a need for diversity in the delivery of health and social work services to migrant workers 1.2 In Viet Nam 1.2.1 Previous studies on the status and trends of migration and immigration in the non-state economic sector In recent years, the topic of migration has become one of the topical research topics of the humanities and social sciences and has attracted many authors' interests According to studies, the renewal and opening-up program has boosted the nation's economy overall and in metropolitan areas specifically, accelerated urbanization, and increased migration from rural to urban and industrial zones As a result, the topic of migration has gained attention interests from several scholars and is one of the current research topics in the humanities and social sciences 1.2.2 Previous studies on the accessibility to social security policies of migrant workers in the non-state economic sector Studies on migrant workers' social security policies reveal that because they frequently reside in remote areas without access to local services, migrant workers are underserved Poor quality or expensive services include social services and access to services Studies also reveal that the non-state economic sector's assistance of migrant workers' access to services suffers from a lack of policy The quality of life of migrant workers in the destination has been significantly impacted by this In order to ensure the community's common interests and to foster circumstances for migrant workers in the economic sector, it is required to have a diverse and complete system of social security policies and to have a roadmap to cover the target audience 1.2.3 Previous studies on social work services for migrant workers in the non-state sector In recent years, a number of authors have expressed interest in social work services and services for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector Social work is a freshly created industry in Vietnam countries, but there aren't many studies that address this problem The non-state economic sector's provision of social work services to migrant workers is a brand-new, multifaceted research topic with a lot of unanswered questions environment, assist them solve their issues, raise their standard of living, and provide social security for them In other words, social work services for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector support information about safe housing, counseling, support for vocational training and employment, support access to public education, support connecting and transferring professional and semi-professional social workers to immigrant workers in the non-state economy and their families to solve problems and help them settle down efficiently identify, enhance quality of life, and assimilate into the community of the destination Types of social work services for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector Information service about safe accommodation; Consulting and consulting services; Vocational training Employment and livelihood support services; Educational access support services; Connection and transfer services 2.3 Some theories applied in research To clarify the research content, the thesis applies some theories such as: Behavioral theory; Right approach and Ecosystem Theory to clarify the research contents of the thesis 2.4 Factors affecting social work services for migrants in the non-state economic sector In terms of influencing factors: Social work services for migrant workers working in the non-state economic sector are affected by many different factors This thesis focuses on clarifying the influence of 05 groups of factors including: Social workers; Information and communication on social work services; Resources and support networks; Characteristics of migrant workers working in the non-state economic sector and mechanisms, policies and laws 2.5 Conceptual Framework By analyzing the manifestations and factors affecting social work services for migrant workers working in the non-state economic sector above, the thesis builds an analytical framework as follows: Social workers Media Policies and practice s ResorcesDemographic characteristics SOCIAL WORK SERVICES Accommo dation informatio n Social work service networks Consulting services Job seeking services Services for schooling enrollment EFFECTIVENESS CHAPTER 3: THE STATUS OF SOCIAL WORK SERVICES FOR MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE NON-STATE ECONOMIC SECTOR IN HO CHI MINH CITY 3.1 Overview of economy, politics, society and migrant workers 3.1.1 Economic, political and social characteristics of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City has more than 100 public and non-public social establishments that are licensed to operate, perform their functions and tasks of caring and nurturing, providing social work services, etc to underprivileged individuals, groups, and communities, according to data from the Department of Labor, War Invalids, and Social Affairs in 2016 [138] The localities are also implementing a number of social work services in accordance with the state's programs and policies in the community, in addition to the centers that offer social work services In general, there hasn't been much growth in the activities of delivering social work services to the needy in the community Additionally, the city places a strong emphasis on training cadres, public servants, and social work collaborators Currently, this team has over 5,000 members who work in social facilities, drug treatment centers, etc., as well as ward, community, and township personnel and employees of the district's Division of Labour, Invalids, and Social Affairs The city has also developed a network of social workers that collaborate with the departments of health, education, associations, and mass organizations, as well as with other social organizations and persons who work parttime in communes, villages, residential groups, etc [101] In order to gradually stabilize and raise the living conditions of the poor, ensure social security, and boost the economy, a network of social work service providers should be established to assist disadvantaged individuals both in the community and at the center of society the city's socioeconomic profile 3.1.2 Poppulation 3.1.2.1 Demographic characteristics According to research findings, women tend to travel more frequently than males; 63.1 % of migrants were women, compared to 36.9 % of immigrants who were men In large cities like Ho Chi Minh City, where there is a considerable need for female workers for foreign-invested manufacturing sectors and private firms, the percentage of female migrant workers accurately reflects the current need in the labor market (textile, garment, processing, service ) Since most research employees are still very young, there are 47.4% of them who are single Additionally, 48.3 % of migrant workers move with their families, but the majority so alone most of the time 3.1.2.1 Characteristics of education, qualification and age According to the data, the majority of migrant workers had upper secondary or lower secondary education, or 53.1% and 43.1% respectively In comparison, only 3.8% of research staff members had a high school diploma 40.7 % of research staff in the agriculture industry are untrained professionals, which is a fairly high percentage In comparison, 36.7 % of migrant workers in the agriculture industry had training at the primary and intermediate vocational/professional intermediate levels The results indicate that the majority of risk employees were between the ages of 15 and 30, who made up the biggest percentage (40.8%), followed by those between the ages of 30 and 45, who made up 37.9%, and those above 45, who made up the highest percentage 13.3% is an extremely low percentage This demonstrates that the majority of the migrant workers in this region are young and at a stage in their careers where they must stabilize their employment, but they are required to work in the FDI industry Therefore, policymakers for this purpose should pay attention to this as one of the issues (see Figure 3.2) 3.1.2.3 Characteristics of hometown, employment, income, living conditions Migrant workers are mainly from the provinces of the Mekong Delta, accounting for the highest proportion of 23.1% Second, the Southeast provinces accounted for 17.1%, the South-Central provinces accounted for 16.9% The data in this study also show that the places of origin of the Northern provinces such as the North Central region account for 14.3%, the Red River Delta accounts for 7.9% (see table 3.2) Thus, migration to HCMC is national in nature The time of immigration to Ho Chi Minh City from to years accounted for the highest rate of 38.6%, from to 10 years accounted for 29.8% and over 10 years 23.3%, while the number of new migrant workers entering Ho Chi Minh City cities under years accounted for the lowest rate of 8.3% The survey's findings revealed that 41.2 % of migrant workers were employed in the handicraft industry Low-skilled, unskilled employees are frequently targeted in this field; they are very easy to hire in cities and readily assimilate into the labor force They consent to more demanding working conditions and lower pay than locals, and they run a very high danger of losing their jobs due to the precarious nature of their line of work Construction and transportation make up 9.3 %, trade and services account for 28.8 %, and 3.2 The status of support activities for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector to utilize social work services 3.2.1 The necesarity and status of utilizing social work services of the migrant workers in the non-state economic sector 3.2.1.1 The necesarity of utilizing social work services of the migrant workers in the non-state economic sector The research's findings demonstrate the need of using social work services for those doing this type of research (M= 3.97, SD=0.90) The foreign economic zone is where the migrant laborers are employed However, they have a lot of challenges getting basic social services in cities Therefore, in order to access social security programs and specialized support services, migrant workers in the non-state economic sector require the assistance of the government and the local community This will partially inspire them to be more resilient advance in life The majority of research workers in the non-state economic sector assessed the need to use social work services One of the necessary services for them is information about safe housing with (M= 4.53), up to 67.9% and 17.4% of the respondents said that this service is very necessary and necessary for them For migrant workers, boarding houses are very practical needs for them when they have just migrated Job introduction and livelihood support services for migrant workers are also highly appreciated by them with (M=4.20), up to 79.5% of respondents said that it is from the necessary level for them Besides, some other social work services such as educational support services, resource connection are also highly appreciated by the migrant workers for their necessity with the high mean (M= 4.05 and M= 3.61 respectively) On the contrary, the assessment of the survey workers about the need for counseling and counseling services is at an average level with the mean of 3.45, perhaps because they really not have the need to use the service In fact, the social work services are specialized in social work, especially in the population that has not really developed, the form of supply is not diversified, which has had a significant impact on the awareness as well as the need to use of the migrant workers This is a point to be noted in terms of social work and more or less also causes difficulties for social work service delivery activities, especially for migrant workers in the non-state economic sector 3.2.2.2 The status of utilizing social work services of the migrant workers in the non-state economic sector The results suggest that the non-state economic sector's research workers use social work services at a level that is around average (M=2.99) The service of connecting and sending people to resources, consulting/consulting services, the service of introduction and support for vocational training, employment, and livelihood, and finally the service of introduction and support for access to public education for migrant workers' children, is rated as the least favorable by the migrant workers as the most convenient access The findings of this study are generally compatible with the current situation ; nonetheless, community-based social work services are severely undeveloped New social work services are mostly delivered in centers and social facilities The results also show that there is a difference but not much between the survey areas in assessing the ability to use social work services of the migrant workers in the rural tourism area In general, research workers in District 12 rate their ability to use services such as vocational training, employment and livelihood referral services ; services to support access to public education and connect and connect resources with (M=2.69 ; M=2.11 ; M=3.51) are more convenient than in Binh Tan district (M=2,53 ; M=2.04 ; M=2.91) and district (M=2.64 ; M=2.06 ; M=2.93) In fact, the network providing social work services in the community is lacking and the weakest are specialized services in counseling, psychological crisis counseling or mental health The findings also indicate that there is some variation, albeit not much, in the survey areas' assessments of the migrant workers' capacity to access social services in the rural tourism sector Workers in District 12 generally rate their ability to use services such as vocational training, employment and livelihood referral services, services to support access to public education, and services to connect and connect resources with as more convenient than in Binh Tan district (M=2,53; M=2.04; M=2.91) and district (M=2.64; M=2.06; M=2.93) The poorest parts of the community's network for social work services include those that are specialized in counseling, psychological crisis counseling, or mental health Because risk employees have not actively sought out local support activities, a complete evaluation of this program has not been done The usefulness of Binh Tan District was scored higher than other locations for safe lodging and consulting and consulting services 3.2.2 Social work services of the migrant workers in the non-state economic sector in HCM City 3.2.2.1 Accommodation information According to research findings in Table 3.8, with M=4.40; up to (70.2%) and 29.8% of respondents saying that their access is very convenient and convenient, respectively Many migrant workers are most interested in activities that promote temporary residency registration and information on addresses and lodging costs (M= 4.28; M= 4.22), with 49.2 percent and 36.9 percent of respondents respectively stating that they have access to these resources These pursuits are quite practical Due to time constraints and poor pay, the bulk of migrant workers employed in non-state economic sectors not have much free time to complete administrative tasks Hostels accept transient registration In order to settle down and have a peaceful career, migrant workers working in the non-state economic sector looking for a safe place to live in concentrated industrial zones are the first priority of migrant workers working in the industrial sector Working in the non-state economic sector, the criteria for choosing their accommodation is to be safe, cool, the innkeeper is committed to keeping the rental price unchanged, and is paid for services at the right price of the state Therefore, it is very important for migrant workers working in the non-state economic sector to provide support services with address information about the local safe accommodation models being implemented, so that they can avoid the risks risk may occur 3.2.2.2 Social work service networks At the present, when social problems are arising and becoming more and more complicated, the number of people who need to use social work services is increasing while available support resources are still very limited it is very necessary to have many activities to provide, connect services and send them to the migrant workers in the FCA in order to create conditions for them to have access to social work services to solve their problems Therefore, the connection of resources to carry out activities of support, intervention, transfer, reception, coordination between departments, mass organizations, and social organizations is still dependent on many issues The connection, transfer to resources has been formed in the survey areas for many years Especially on holidays and Tet, connection programs for disadvantaged children to go to school through scholarships, bicycles, gifts, etc However, the connection is not done currently frequent and not systematic and spread out, so the effectiveness is not high This is a great effort from the authorities, localities, departments/sectors and mass organizations in order to create the most favorable conditions for the migrant workers in the area to have many opportunities to use social work services in the community 3.2.2.3 Consulting services To migrant workers in the non-state economic sector, they face a life of many pressures and difficulties, causing many workers to have psychological problems such as stress, anxiety, and insecurity in terms of employment, income, In addition, migrant workers in the non-state economic sector who are victims of violence are more likely to experience serious psychological problems such as crises, depression, want to commit suicide It is very necessary for the counseling, counseling and crisis intervention of social workers to help them overcome this difficult period This is a matter of concern when the demand for using social work services of the people in general and migrant workers in the non-state economic sector in particular is increasing, while the demand for service provision is not satisfied, affecting the quality of life affecting the use of social work services for workers in the exercise of their rights, as well as raise awareness and concern of the whole society for this disadvantaged group 3.2.2.4 Job seeking services The assistance of regional employment policies and programs is anticipated by migrant workers in the non-state economic sector People do, however, have a lot of requirements, but there are only so many resources available Therefore, it is essential to have the active involvement of non-public institutions in order to provide social work services to the populace at large and, specifically, to migrant workers in the non-state economic sector who have a need The majority of migrant workers in this region, though, are still not yet protected by the social security system Many common challenges, such as information on employment, vocational training, preferential loans, incentives for job creation, production development, etc., affect the amount of involvement and access to social security programs of migrant workers in the non-state economic sector Social work services provided by social workers or mass organizations to migrant workers mainly in the field of social security and especially social assistance are most common in the surveyed areas The number of risk workers using social work services is still small, the types of social work services are not really diverse and the supply network is not yet complete 3.2.2.5 Services for schooling enrollment Currently, some districts in Ho Chi Minh City are undergoing the process of urbanization, so they attract migrant workers here to study, work and live The infrastructure is overloaded, so the children of families are overloaded It is difficult for research workers to access the public school system Many evidences show that children who follow their parents to Ho Chi Minh City and big cities have more difficulty in accessing public education than local children According to the regulations, there is no distinction between people with different types of residence registration in sending children to schools and levels In general, social work services that support access to public education in the community only deal with financial difficulties, access to public schools, and difficult psychological problems; life skills; ability to deal with problems in family, school, teacher, friend and other relationships; school violence prevention skills; effective learning methods and career orientation have not been implemented 3.3 Factors affecting social work services of the migrant workers in the non-state economic sector in HCM City 3.3.1 Qualifications of social workers As seen in Table 3.13, The research results show that the capacity of service staff is also one of the factors that strongly affect the ability to access social work services of workers (M= 3.75, SD=0.69) The results of the correlation analysis also show that, the team factor included in the model in the study is strongly correlated with social work services for the migrant workers (with p < 0.01) In general, the degree of correlation of the team factor to each social service is different Correlation of factors to counseling service, consultation with (r= -0.460**, p