ĐỀ THI ĐH NGÂN HÀNG - ANH VĂN CHUYÊN NGÀNH KINH TẾ (37)

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- NGẬN Hy, TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGÂN HÀNG TP HÒ CHÍ MINH

= im ` KHOA: Ngoại ngữ

2 ey: DE THI KET THUC HOC PHAN

“AW? Tén hoc phan: Tiếng Anh: Doc - viét 6 (English: Reading - Writing 6)

Lớp học phân: ENS332 192 6 GE13

Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút

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NOI DUNG DE THI:

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 1-13 which are based on Reading passage | below

THE HISTORY OF WOOL

The first recorded uses of wool originate from Anatolia, which is roughly where modern-day Turkey lies, during the Stone Age Neanderthals residing on the Mesopotamian Plain used sheep to fulfill their basic needs of food, shelter, and clothing Many years later, humans learned how to spin and weave the fleece of sheep into woolen garments The warmth provided by wool clothing and the mobility of sheep allowed these early humans to venture outside the warm climate of Mesopotamia and expand their civilization From around 3000 BC onwards, the Persians, Greeks and Romans developed and improved various breeds of sheep shipping the animals and wool to various countries throughout Europe In particular, the Romans viewed sheep as a_ vital commodity, transporting large numbers of them as the Roman Empire expanded into the British Isles, Spain, and North Africa In approximately 50 AD, the Romans had established a wool plant in the region of England that the town of Winchester now occupies Later, around the beginning of the 8th century, the Saracens, nomads who lived throughout the Arabian deserts established a wool export trade agreement with North Africa and Greece afier their military victory over Spain In the 12th century, the Norman conquest of Greece indirectly led to a weaving boom in the Italian

cities of Florence and Venice Hundreds of Greek weavers were sent to Italy as slaves and Italian

weavers were immediately impressed with the weaving skill exhibited by their Greek counterparts In medieval times, the annual fairs of the Champagne and Brie regions of France largely focused on the production and sale of wool cloth from small local towns such as Provins The trade network created by the annual fairs allowed merchants from Spain and Constantinople to purchase the wool cloth of Provins and distribute it locally The wool trade quickly evolved into a lucrative business generating significant revenue throughout much of Europe The two factors that determined the quality and value of wool were the dyeing and finishing of the woven material

In the 13th century the wool trade powered the economies of the Netherlands, Belgium and central

Italy By the end of the 14th century Italy had come to the forefront as the dominant wool producer in Europe, but Italian manufacturers would gradually turn their attention to silk production over the next century The wool industry largely relied on exported raw wool from England, and was a crucial source of revenue for the English monarchy, which had been receiving sizable sums of money in export taxes on wool since 1275 In Spain, finances accumulated through the trading of wool were utilized to fund expeditions undertaken by Christopher Columbus and_ the Conquistadores Spain imposed strict regulations on its wool trade and sheep and anyone caught exporting sheep was sentenced to execution without trial

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import of woven-goods and forbade the domestic weaving of foreign wools He invited Dutch and

Belgian weavers, who had fled their home countries during the Spanish invasion, to resettle in

England and work to improve the wool industry During the 1509-47 reign of King Henry VIII, England’s “wool empire” reached its highest levels of productivity and profitability, and by the mid- 1600s, wool textile exports contributed to almost 70 per cent of England’s foreign trade revenue The king ordered that flocks of sheep belonging to Trappist monks be taken and redistributed among nobles favoured by the monarchy This resulted in unemployed shepherds being imprisoned when they were unable to repay their debts, and was one of several unfair actions taken by the king that encouraged citizens to immigrate to America

Even though England had long tried to obstruct the establishment of a wool industry in North America, a relatively small number of successfully smuggled sheep had turned into a flock of approximately 100,000 by 1665 The burgeoning American wool industry gave rise to many traditions and cultural characteristics For example, since spinning was a task assigned to the eldest unmarried daughter in the family, the term ‘spinster’ came into usage, and is still used even to this day In the mid-1700s, King George III] of England made wool trading in England’s colonies a

punishable offense Decisions like this, as well as controversial taxation issues, contributed to the

beginning of the Revolutionary War Despite the war and the king’s best efforts to highly regulate wool commerce, the wool industry in America went from strength to strength American presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson maintained flocks of sheep and wore high-quality wool suits during their inaugurations

Technological developments such as water-powered looms, combing machines, and the spinning jenny led to a rapid expansion of the wool industry on a global scale At the turn of the 18th century, pioneers brought small flocks of sheep to Australia and New Zealand, which are two of the largest producers of wool in the present day However, the rise in popularity of synthetic fibers led to a decrease in demand for wool, so production has seen a sharp decrease over the past 100 years In 1966, the price of wool fell by a massive 40% and has continued to fall gradually ever since This has led to further decreases in production, with many sheep growers turning their attention toward meat rather than wool in order to make a living

Questions 1-9

Complete the notes below

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer

Write your answers in boxes 1 -9 on your answer sheet

THE HISTORY OF WOOL Early uses of wool

° - Sheep and wool were distributed throughout Ï » - The Saracens defeated 2 to establish a wool trade © MaRy 3.0 sas essa sane exae tases om were sent to work in Italy as slaves

6 The atrial ¿seo ssisnimaio in Champagne and Brie created a wool trade network ° -_Wool cloth was valued according to the quality oŸ its Š and finishing * Italian wool manufacturers eventually put more emphasis on 6 production

Wool in England and America

¢ The English monarchy ordered that a 7 be removed from anyone * smuggling wool

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Questions 10-13

Do the following statements agree with the information in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

10 England's wool industry peaked during the reign of King Edward III 11 England worked hard to support the American wool industry

12 Disputes related to wool led to military conflict in America 13 Wool production slowed down throughout the 20th century READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 14-26 which are based on Reading passage 2 below

THE HISTORY OF STEEL

Due to its high tensile strength and relatively low cost, steel is one of the most commonly used materials in modern construction As an alloy of iron and carbon — among other materials — steel is produced through a process known as smelting This involves heating iron ore in blast furnaces to remove its impurities before adding carbon Smelting is a technique that has been used by humans since around the 13th century BCE, when early blacksmiths discovered that iron ore was stronger when heated by charcoal However, the first large- scale steel production occurred in southern India and Sri Lanka in the 6th century BCE The steel produced there was known as wootz steel and was renowned for its strength It was exported throughout the world, but became particularly prevalent in the Middle East, where it was used to make weapons

While wootz steel was produced in a crucible, a metal container in which pure iron and carbon were heated and then cooled, other methods of steel production were used in both China and Europe These included the tempering of steel, a method to reduce steel’s brittleness which was discovered by the Romans for use in strengthening weapons In China meanwhile, steel was

common throughout the country from the 3rd century BCE onwards Some of this steel was

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The next significant milestone in the history of steel was the invention of the Bessemer process, a means of steel production in which impurities were removed through the introduction of air to molten iron This resulted in much stronger steel that could also be produced relatively cheaply It was developed by Henry Bessemer in 1856, although it had been used in various forms for centuries, and subsequently allowed for the inexpensive mass production of steel Following the adoption of this process, steel became the most important material in industrialisation It could now be produced at prices low enough to make it a cost-effective material for large-scale buildings bridges and railroads, where it would soon replace less durable wrought iron rails

The use of steel in large constructions was most evident in two huge projects in America: the Brooklyn Bridge — the first steel suspension bridge — and the Home Insurance Building in Chicago — the first steel skyscraper Both were completed in the 1880s and symbolised America’s new position as global leader in steel production This was driven, in part, by the Scottish- American industrialist Andrew Carnegie, who built a massive steel empire which stretched across the United States Much of the steel produced by Carnegie’s steelworks was used in building the railroads which were being laid throughout the continent in the latter decades of the 19th century In the early 20th century steel’s role as the material of modern industry was further established by the invention of stainless steel in 1912 This rust-resistant material increased the range of applications in which steel could be used It led to the use of steel tools in housewares, surgical instruments and storage tanks, which were now able to transport liquids In the next few decades of the 20th century, the two world wars both resulted in a spike in the production of steel, which was used for weapons and vehicles Despite this high demand, steel was still relatively abundant and even replaced copper, which was much rarer, as the material of the American one cent coin for the duration of the Second World War In recent decades, the steel industry has continued to grow, although China has replaced America as the main producer and consumer of steel Indeed, it is estimated that China is now responsible for over 50 per cent of the world’s steel production

Questions 14-18

Look at the following statements (Questions 14-18) and the list of people below Match each statement with the correct person, A-E

Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet

14 He created a way to cheaply produce large quantities of steel 15 He wanted to make better steel for clocks

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Questions 19-22

Complete the summary below

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer Write your answers in boxes 19-22 on your answer sheet

THE STEEL INDUSTRY IN THE 20TH CENTURY

The steel industry grew significantly in the early decades of the 20th century due to the creation OF 1D), een a3 ass eons 2 Steel could now be used in a much wider range of applications, including for surgery, storage and as 2Ú -: The steel industry expanded further due to the two 21 " which required a massive amount of steel for weapons Although steel was in demand during these conflicts there was still enough steel for it to replace 22 -: as the material of one of the American coins

Questions 23-26

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 23 Wootz steel was only exported to the Middle East

24 A form of the Bessemer process was used in China before its use in Europe 25 Wrought iron rails lasted longer than steel ones

26 The Brooklyn Bridge remains the largest steel suspension bridge in the world READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 27-40 which are based on Reading passage 3 below HEALTH CARE: HELPING THE SICK Candy Stripers

A candy striper works in a hospital or medical facility They are called candy stripers because of their pink aprons Candy stripers can work on either a volunteer or paid basis Candy stripers help sick people feel more comfortable in hospitals Their duties include delivering newspapers, flowers and mail to patients Most candy stripers are students They come to work after classes Many elderly people also work as candy stripers

Physical Therapists

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Emergency Medical Technicians

The emergency medical technician, or EMT, is the first level of trained life support a patient is likely to meet following a car accident or an emergency health situation EMTs are certified to take blood pressure and perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation They can also give oxygen Most community colleges offer the minimum requirement of 120 hours of study along with the proper certification With enough further training, you can become a paramedic

Paramedics

Paramedics do work similar to that of EMTs, but they are state certified to practice more advanced procedures and have more responsibilities They can administer specific drugs and intravenous, or IV, solutions Paramedics report for duty at hospitals From there they are sent to emergency sites, often along with an EMT, who is second-in-command To become a paramedic, you must first become an EMT Then you continue your schooling for another eighteen months or two years Starting salaries for paramedics range between $25,000 and $27,000 a year

Medical Assistants

Medical assistants work under the direction of a doctor to assist in the examination and treatment of patients They interview patients, measure vital signs such as pulse rate, temperature, blood pressure, weight, and height, and record information on patients’ charts They also prepare treatment rooms for examination of patients by draping patients with a covering, and positioning instruments and equipment During the examination, medical assistants hand instruments and materials to a doctor as directed After the examination, they clean and sterilise instruments Physicians

To become a physician, or medical doctor, you must complete a long course of training Before applying for medical school, a student must first have a bachelor’s degree from a four-year college

Then, a student must attend medical school, which takes four years to complete Next, the doctor

must complete an internship and a residency at a hospital These are the doctor’s first jobs when he or she works in a hospital learning from experienced doctors These generally take another four years After several more years of practice and training, doctors are eligible to take the board certification exams Dectors can work in hospitals, private practice, medical groups, relief organisations or government agencies

Questions 27-32

Look at the following list of required works numbered 27-32 and decide by whom the work should be done according to the duties mentioned in the passage Health Care: Helping the Sick You can use the choices more than once

In boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet, write

if it should be done by Candy Stripers if it should be done by Physical Therapists

if it should be done by Emergency Medical Technicians if it should be done by Paramedics

if it should be done by Medical Assistants

MOOWS

27 interviewing patients

28 giving orders to EMT in emergency sites 29 delivering letters to patients

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Questions 33-40

Refer to the passage Health Care: Helping the Sick and look at the following statements In boxes 33-40 on your answer sheet, write

YES if the statement agrees with the writer

NO if the statement does not agree with the writer NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage 33 Candy stripers working in hospitals are all paid

34 Elderly people work more hours as candy stripers than students do

35 You don’t need to be certified to be a physical therapist if you have a master’s degree 36 An EMT needs more training to be a paramedic

37 Paramedics often wait in the hospitals until EMTs take the patients back from emergency sites 38 Medical assistants have to make sure that the instruments are in the right positions for examinations 39 One must spend four years in a medical school to be a medical doctor