BANKING UNIVERSITY- HCM CITY Student”s name: -
DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES Reg No.: se <«2
FINAL TEST
Subject: Reading-Writing 6 Semester: I School year: 2019-2020
Time allotted: 60 minutes Date:
Trang 2PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage I below SLEEPY STUDENTS PERFORM WORSE
A Staying up an hour or two past bedtime makes it far harder for kids to learn, say scientists who deprived youngsters of sleep and tested whether their teachers could tell the difference They could.If parents want their children to thrive academically, "Getting them to sleep on time is as important as getting them to school on time," said psychologist Gahan Fallone, who conducted the research at Brown Medical School B The study, unveiled Thursday at an American Medical Association (AMA) science writers meeting, was conducted on healthy children who had no evidence of sleep- or learning-related disorders.Difficulty paying attention was among the problems the sleepy youngsters faced — raising the question of whether sleep deprivation could prove even worse for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD Fallone now is studying that question, and suspects that sleep problems "could hit children with
ADHD as a double whammy."
C Sleep experts have long warned that Americans of all ages don't get enough shuteye Sleep is important
for health, bringing a range of benefits that, as Shakespeare put it, "knits up the raveled sleave of care."
Not getting enough is linked to a host of problems, from car crashes as drivers doze off to crippled memory and inhibited creativity.But exactly how much sleep correlates with school performance is hard to prove.So Brown researchers set out to test whether teachers could detect problems with attention and
learning when children stayed up late — even if the teachers had no idea how much sleep their students actually got
D They recruited 74 6- to 12-year-olds from Rhode Island and southern Massachusetts for the three-week
study.For one week, the youngsters went to bed and woke up at their usual times They already were
fairly good sleepers, getting nine to 9.5 hours of sleep a night.Another week, they were assigned to spend _ no fewer than 10 hours in bed a night And another week, they were kept up later than usual: First- and second-graders were in bed no more than eight hours and the older children no more than 6.5 hours.In addition to parents' reports, the youngsters wore motion-detecting wrist monitors to ensure compliance E Teachers weren't told how much the children slept or which week they stayed up late, but rated the students on a variety of performance measures each week.The teachers reported significantly more academic problems during the week of sleep deprivation, the study, which will be published in the journal Sleep in December, concluded.Students who got eight hours of sleep or less a night were more forgetful, had the most trouble learning new lessons, and had the most problems paying attention,
reported Fallone, now at the Forest Institute of Professional Psychology
F Sleep has long been a concern of educators.Potter-Burns Elementary School in Pawtucket, R.I., sends
notes to parents reminding them to make sure students get enough sleep prior to the school's yearly achievement testing Another school considers it important enough to include in the school's monthly newsletters Definitely there is an impact on students' performance if they come to school tired However, the findings may change physician practice, said Dr Regina Benjamin, a family physician in Bayou La
Batre, who reviewed the data at the Thursday's AMA meeting."I don't ask about sleep" when evaluating academically struggling students, she noted "I'm going to start."
G.So how much sleep do kids need? Recommended amounts range from about 10 to 11 hours a night for young elementary students to 8.5 hours for teens.Fallone insists that his own second-grader get 10 hours a night, even when it meant dropping soccer the season that practice didn't start until 7:30 — too late for her to fit in dinner and time to wind down before she needed to be snoozing."It's tough," he acknowledged But "parents must believe in the importance of sleep."
Trang 3The text has 7 paragraphs (A-G) Which paragraph contains each of the following pieces of information?
Write the correct letter in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet
1 Traffic accidents are sometimes caused by lack of sleep 2 The number of children included in the study
3 How two schools are trying to deal with the problem 4 How the effects of having less sleep was measured
Questions 5-8
Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each gap Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet
5 Fallone is now studying the sleep patterns of children with :
6 The researchers used that show movement to check that children went to bed at the right
time
7 Students with less sleep had problems with memory, remembering new material, and
8 Fallone admitted that it was for children to get enough sleep
Questions 9-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
9 The results of the study were first distributed to principals of American schools
10 Some of the children in the study had previously shown signs of sleeping problems 11 The study could influence how doctors deal with children’s health problems 12 Fallone does not let his daughter play soccer
13 Staying up later is acceptable if the child is doing homework PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below CROP-GROWING SKYSCRAPERS
By the year 2050, nearly 80% of the Earth's population will live in urban centres Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about three
billion people by then An estimated 10 hectares of new land (about 20% larger than Brazil) will be needed to grow enough food to feed them, if traditional farming methods continue as they are practised today At present,
throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices What can be done to ensure enough food for the world's population to live on?
The concept of indoor farming is not new, since hothouse production of tomatoes and other produce has been
in vogue for some time What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate another three billion people Many believe an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required, employing cutting-
edge technologies One such proposal is for the 'Vertical Farm' The concept is of multi-storey buildings in
which food crops are grown in environmentally controlled conditions Situated in the heart of urban centres, they would drastically reduce the amount of transportation required to bring food to consumers Vertical farms would need to be efficient, cheap to construct and safe to operate If successfully implemented, proponents claim, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been
sacrificed for horizontal farming
It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted Along the way, we despoiled most of the land we worked, often turning verdant, natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts
Trang 4Within that same time frame, we evolved into an urban species, in which 60% of the human population now lives vertically in cities This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year However, more often than not now, due to a rapidly changing climate, that is not what happens Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year, destroying millions
of tons of valuable crops
The supporters of vertical farming claim many potential advantages for the system For instance, crops would
be produced all year round, as they would be kept in artificially controlled, optimum growing conditions
There would be no weather-related crop failures due to droughts, floods or pests All the food could be grown organically, eliminating the need for herbicides, pesticides and fertilisers The system would greatly reduce
the incidence of many infectious diseases that are acquired at the agricultural interface Although the system would consume energy, it would return energy to the grid via methane generation from composting non-edible
parts of plants It would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel use, by cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping
A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that the plants would require artificial light Without it,
those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and grow more quickly, reducing the efficiency of the system Single-storey greenhouses have the benefit of natural overhead light: even so, many still need artificial lighting A multi-storey facility with no natural overhead light would require far more
Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive, unless cheap, renewable energy is available, and this appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near future
One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays that move on rails Moving the trays allows the plants to get enough sunlight This system is already in operation, and works well within a single-storey greenhouse with light reaching it from above: it is not certain, however, that it can be
made to work without that overhead naturai light
Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted problems that we face in producing enough food for a growing population At the moment, though, more needs to be done to reduce the detrimental impact it would have on the environment, particularly as regards the use of energy While it is possible that much of
our food will be grown in skyscrapers in future, most experts currently believe it is far more likely that we
will simply use the space available on urban rooftops
Questions 14-20
Complete the sentences below Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer Write your answers in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet
Indoor farming
14 Some food plants, including , are already grown indoors
15 Vertical farms would be located in , Meaning that there would be less need to take them
long distances to customers
16 Vertical farms could use methane from plants and animals to produce
17 The consumption of would be cut because agricultural vehicles would be unnecessary 18 The fact that vertical farms would need light is a disadvantage
19 One form of vertical farming involves planting in which are not fixed
20 The most probable development is that food will be grown on in towns and cities
Questions 21-26
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
Trang 521 Methods for predicting the Earth's population have recently changed
22 Human beings are responsible for some of the destruction to food-producing land
23 The crops produced in vertical farms will depend on the season
24 Some damage to food crops is caused by climate change 25 Fertilisers will be needed for certain crops in vertical farms
26 Vertical farming will make plants less likely to be affected by infectious diseases PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below EMPLOYMENT IN JAPAN
A Every autumn, when recruitment of new graduates and school leavers begins, major.cities in Japan are flooded with students hunting for a job Wearing suits for the first time, they run from one interview to another The season is crucial for many students, as their whole lives may be determined during this period
B In Japan, lifetime employment is commonly practised by large companies While people working in small companies and those working for sub-contractors do not in general enjoy the advantages conferred by the large companies, there is a general expectation that employees will in fact remain more or less permanently in the same job
C Unlike in many Western countries where companies employ people whose skills can be effective immediately, Japanese companies select applicants with potential who can be trained to become suitable
employees For this reason, recruiting employees is an important exercise for companies, as they invest
a lot of time and money in training new staff This is basically true both for factory workers and for professionals Professionals who have studied subjects which are of immediate use in the workplace, such as industrial engineers, are very often placed in factories and transferred from one section to another By gaining experience in several different areas and by working in close contact with workers, the engineers are believed, in the long run, to become more effective members of the company Workers too feel more involved by working with professionals and by being allowed to voice their opinions Loyalty is believed to be cultivated in this type of egalitarian working environment
D Because of this system of training employees to be all-rounders, mobility between companies is low Wages are set according to educational background or initial field of employment, ordinary graduates
being employed in administration, engineers in engineering and design departments and so on Both
promotions and wage increases tend to be tied to seniority, though some differences may arise later on as a result of ability and business performance Wages are paid monthly, and the net sum, after the deduction of tax, is usually paid directly into a bank account As well as salary, a bonus is usually paid
twice a year This is a custom that dates back to the time when employers gave special allowances so that employees could properly celebrate bon, a Buddhist festival held in mid-July in Tokyo, but on other dates in other regions The festival is held to appease the souls of ancestors The second bonus is
distributed at New Year Recently, bonuses have also been offered as a way of allowing workers a share in the profits that their hard work has gained
E Many female graduates complain that they are not given equal training and equal opportunity in comparison to male graduates Japanese companies generally believe that female employees will eventually leave to get married and have children It is also true that, as well as the still-existing belief among women themselves that nothing should stand in the way of child-rearing, the extended hours of work often do not allow women to continue their careers after marriage
F Disappointed career-minded female graduates often opt to work for foreign firms Since most male graduates prefer to join Japanese firms with their guaranteed security, foreign firms are often keen to employ female graduates as their potential tends to be greater than that of male applicants
G Some men, howéver, do leave their companies in spite of future prospects, one reason being to take over
the family business The eldest sons in families that own family companies or businesses such as stores are normally expected to take over the business when their parents retire It is therefore quite common
to see a businessman, on succeeding to his parents' business, completely change his professional
direction by becoming, for example, a shopkeeper
Trang 6H On the job, working relationships tend to be very close because of the long hours of work and years of
service in common Social life in fact is frequently based on the workplace Restaurants and nomi-ya,
"pubs", are always crowded at night with people enjoying an evening out with their colleagues Many
companies organise trips and sports days for their employees Senior staff often play the role of mentor This may mean becoming involved in the lives of junior staff in such things as marriage and the children's
education
I The average age of retirement is between 55 and 60 For most Westerners, retirement may be an eagerly
awaited time to undertake such things as travel and hobbies Many Japanese, however, simply cannot get used to the freedom of retirement and they look for ways of constructively using their time Many look for new jobs, feeling that if they do not work they will be abandoned by society This has recently
led to the development in some municipalities of municipal job centres which advertise casual work such
as cleaning and lawn mowing Given that Japan is facing the problem of an increasingly ageing society, such activities may be vital in the future
Questions 27-35
The Reading Passage has nine paragraphs A-I Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below Write your answers in boxes 27-35 on your answer sheet
27 Section A i how new employees are used in a company 28 Section B ii | women and Japanese companies
29 Section C iii | why men sometimes resign from Japanese companies
30 Section D iv permanency in employment in Japan
31 Section E v recruiting season: who, when and where
32 Section F Vi the social aspect of work
33 Section G’ vii the salary structure
34 Section H viii the recruitment strategy of foreign firms
35 Section I ix Japanese people after retirement
Questions 36-38
Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage Use NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS for each answer Write your answers in boxes 36-38 on your answer sheet
36 Japanese employers believe that moving professionals within companies and listening to workers’
Views leads to
37 Employees receive their wages monthly and a bonus
38 Japanese workers often form close personal relationships and older staff may even become â c to junior staff
Questions 39 & 40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D Write your answers in boxes 39 & 40 on your answer sheet
39 Company training in Japan A is not important
B is for factory workers only
C is for professionals only D is for all staff
40 Foreign firms are keen to employ Japanese women because
A A the women are more intelligent than men
B B the women that apply are more capable than the men that apply C Cthe women will be only short-term employees
D Dthe women prefer guaranteed security