HDC TIENG ANH 11

KỲ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN KHU VỰC DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ LẦN THỨ XIII, NĂM 2022 MÔN: TIẾNG ANH – LỚP 11 HƯỚNG DẪN CHẤM (Hướng dẫn chấm gồm có 11 trang) A LISTENING (50 points) Part For questions 1-5, you will hear a woman talking about caffeine Listen and decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F) Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet (10 points – points/a correct answer) (NGUỒN: Chuyên Bắc Ninh) FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE Part For questions 6-10, you will hear a lecture about water Listen and answer the questions Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet (10 points – points/a correct answer) (NGUỒN: Chuyên Biên Hòa) safe and/, reliable (or: safeness and/, reliability) washing creeks, lakes, dams air pollution or (harmful) pollutants 10 filtth and/, dirt Part For questions 11-15, you will hear two nutritionists, Fay Wells and George Fisher, discussing methods of food production Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet (10 points – points/a correct answer) (NGUỒN: Chuyên Nguyễn Trãi) 11 C 12 D 13 A 14 C 15 B Part For questions 16-25, you will listen to a recording of a presenter talking about Machu Picchu Complete the summary by writing NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS and/or A NUMBER in each gap Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet (20 points – points/a correct answer) (NGUỒN: Chuyên Hạ Long) 16 powerful and ingenious Page of 11 17 2500 miles 18 engineering feats 19 mortar 20 earthquakes 21 retreat for nobility 22 written language 23 Spanish conquistadors 24 Its enigmatic nature 25 a UNESCO world site B LEXICO – GRAMMAR (30 points) Part For questions 26-45, choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet (20 points – point/a correct answer) 26 D 36 A Câu 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 27 A 37 A 28 D 38 B 29 A 39 C 30 B 40.B 31 A 41 A 32 A 42 B 33 D 43 A 34 C 44 A 35 C 45 A Nguồn Chuyên Nguyễn Tất Thành – Yên Bái Chuyên Nguyễn Tất Thành – Yên Bái Chun Lê Q Đơn – Bình Định Chun Chu Văn An – Bình Định Chun Vĩnh Phúc Chun Hồng Lê Kha – Tây Ninh Chuyên Hoàng Lê Kha – Tây Ninh Chuyên Bắc Giang Chuyên Lê Hồng Phong – Nam Định Chuyên Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm – Quảng Nam Chuyên Lương Văn Tụy – Ninh Bình Chuyên Tuyên Quang Chuyên Hùng Vương – Bình Dương Chun Lê Thánh Tơng – Quảng Nam Chuyên Thái Nguyên Chuyên Sơn La Chuyên Lê Quý Đôn – Điện Biên Chuyên Lê Quý Đôn – Điện Biên Chuyên Chu Văn An – Hà Nội Chuyên Lê Quý Đôn – Đà Nẵng Page of 11 Part For questions 46-55, give the correct form of each given word to complete the following sentences and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet (10 points – point/a correct answer) 46 hyperlink 47 meritocracy 48 practitioners 49 dietician/dietitian 50 accentuate Câu 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 51 demystify 52 participatory 53 superannuated 54 futuristic 55 outweighs Nguồn Chuyên Hùng Vương – Phú Thọ Chuyên Hùng Vương – Phú Thọ Chun Lê Q Đơn – Bình Định Chun Ngoại ngữ Chuyên Lê Khiết – Quảng Ngãi Chuyên Huỳnh Mẫn Đạt – Kiên Giang Chuyên Huỳnh Mẫn Đạt – Kiên Giang Chun Bắc Giang Chun Hồng Văn Thụ - Hịa Bình Chuyên Hùng Vương – Bình Dương C READING (60 points) Part For questions 56-65, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet (15 points – 1.5 points/a correct answer) (NGUỒN: Chuyên Hưng Yên) 56 completing/finishing 61 backdrop 57 onward(s) 62 releases 58 healthy/good/adequate/big/decent 63 available 59 but 64 little 60 against 65 least Part For questions 66-75, read the passage below and choose the answer A, B, C or D that fits best according to the text Write your answers in the corrresponding numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet (10 points – point/a correct answer) (NGUỒN: Chuyên Thái Bình) 66 D 67 B 68 B 69 A 70 D 71 C 72 A 73 C 74 C 75 D Part Read the following passage and the tasks that follow (13 points – point/a correct answer) (NGUỒN: Chuyên Cao Bằng) 76 NG 77 T 78 T 79 F 80 T 81 NG 82 NG Page of 11 83 apothecary practice 84 (possible) toxic effects 85 molecular evidence 86 no peer-reviewed study 87 ambiguous guessing game 88 the placebo effect Part 4: In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed Read the passage and choose from paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap There is ONE extra pragraph which you not need to use Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet (7 points – point/a correct answer) (NGUỒN: Chuyên Lào Cai) 89 H 90 F 91 B 92 C 93 E 94 A 95 G Part 5: For questions 96-105, you are going to read an article about an art exhibition that focuses on the subject of whether paintings are authentic or fake Answer the questions by choosing from the sections of the article (A - F) The sections may be chosen more than once Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided on the answer sheet (15 points – 1.5 points/a correct answer) (NGUỒN: Chuyên Lê Quý Đôn – Quảng Trị) 96 A 97 F 98 E 99 D 100 C 101 B 102 F 103 A 104 B 105 D D WRITING (60 points) Part 1: (15 points) (NGUỒN: Chuyên Tuyên Quang) a) Contents (10 points) The summary MUST cover the following points: * Main topic: Some causes of diseases related to jobs and some solutions (2 points) * Supporting ideas: - Causes: paperwork involving disagreeable positions (2 points) and using computers for high frequency (2 points) - Solutions: + develop beneficial working habit (2 points) + work within a healthy working environment (2 points) b) Language use (5 points) The summary: Page of 11 - should show attempts to convey the main ideas of the original text by means of paraphrasing (structural and lexical use) - should demonstrate correct use of grammatical structures, vocabulary, and mechanics (spelling, punctuations, ) - should maintain coherence, cohesion, and unity throughout (by means of linkers and transitional devices) Suggested Answer: The primary purpose of the given extract is to shed light on how white-collar workers are exposed to job-related injuries as well as some relevant remedies for the matter The writer clearly states that paperwork involving disagreeable positions along with using computers for high frequency is the main root behind numerous physical health problems in the office like the injuries of wrist, hand and neck and eye problems It is, thus, suggested that employees should develop beneficial working habits such as getting in the right positions and altering for better working techniques Additionally, nine-to-fivers are also recommended to work within a healthy working environment and with the help of smart technological gadgets that adapt themselves to the users Part 2: (15 points) (NGUỒN: Chuyên Lam Sơn) Contents (10 points) The report MUST cover the following points: - Introduce the charts (2 points) and state the overall trends and striking features (2 points) - Describe main features with relevant data from the charts and make relevant comparisons (6 points) Language use (5 points) The report: - should demonstrate a wide variety of lexical and grammatical structures, - should have correct use of words (verb tenses, word forms, voice ) and mechanics (spelling, Part 3: (30 points) (NGUỒN: Chuyên Lê Hồng Phong, Nam Định) The mark given to part is based on the following criteria: Organization (5 points) a Ideas are well organized and presented with coherence, cohesion and unity b The essay is well-structured: * Introduction is presented with clear thesis statement Page of 11 * Body paragraph are written with unity, coherence and cohesion Each body paragraph must have a topic sentence and supporting details and examples when necessary * Conclusion summarizes the main points and offers personal opinions (prediction, recommendation, consideration ) on the issue Content (15 points) a All requirements of the task are sufficiently addressed b Ideas are adequately supported and elaborated with relevant and reliable explanations, examples, evidence Language use (10 points) a Demonstration of a variety of topic-related vocabulary b Excellent use and control of grammatical structures (verb tenses, word forms, voice ) and mechanics (spelling, punctuations ) - THE END - TAPESCRIPT Part Source: National Geographic: https://youtu.be/o0W_0MuvlwQ For morning coffee to afternoon tea, caffeine is so thoroughly entrenched in our daily routines and has become the worlds most widely used psychoactive substance Caffeine is a chemical compound that stimulate the central nervous system It accomplishes this by attaching itself to adenosine receptors in the brain In doing so, it blocks adenosine molecules, which are responsible for slowing down the central nervous system before we sleep The result? Adenosine cannot regulate and neurons start firing This results in a person's reduced fatigue and increased alertness and cognitive performance Side effects many seek by consuming caffeine Caffeine occurs naturally in coffee beans, tea leaves, cacao beans and some tree nuts People have been consuming it for centuries But daily consumption took off sporadically at different times in different places around the world Coffee became popular in the 15th and 16 centuries But Cacao was used among early Mesoamerican civilizations hundreds of years Page of 11 earlier Tea became popular by the 14th century in China during the Ming dynasty, but didn't catch on in Britain until almost 400 years later Today, caffeine can be found nearly everywhere and more and more caffeine-infused products are hitting the shelves everyday In the United States, nearly 90% of the population has at least one caffeinated beverage everyday Up to 400 milligrams of caffeine per day or about four cups of coffee is considered safe for an adult Too much caffeine for any one person can cause side effects, such as migraines, insomnia, nervousness and muscle tremors One tablespoon of pure caffeine equivalent to drinking 75 cups of coffee at once can have lethal consequences Due to this risk of caffeine overdoses, in 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration banned the bulk sale of products containing pure or highly concentrated caffeine While caffeine may provide great benefits, such as increased focus, alertness and energy, it comes with considerable risks just like any other substance Part Good morning and welcome to yet another lecture in Environmental Science I don’t think I am telling you a secret when I mention that water is a big worry here in Australia The stuff is scarce Perhaps that’s why we drink so much beer, eh? Seriously, though, a safe and reliable source of water is one of the great concerns of people everywhere Moreover, as the world population grows, the pressure on existing water supplies grows greater and greater Think about it Our economic system demands that there be more and more consumers The growing number of people has been tied to climate change, including droughts So more people means less water But our economic system demands a high birth rate Forget about oil Soon enough you will see wars for water Mark my words But today, I’m going to confine my remarks to Australia As noted already, here down under, the water supply is extremely scarce The only drier continent is Antarctica - and remember, no one really lives there anyway Moreover, in recent years, the wind patterns have changed Rain that used to fall on the country now falls out to sea hundreds of miles to the south Now, when I speak of people needing water, most of you probably think of drinking Certainly everyone needs water for drinking But surprising as it may sound, drinking is not anywhere near being the main use for water Most water is actually used for washing When you take a shower, you probably use well over a hundred litres of water Every time you flush your toilet, that’s about eight litres But most people drink no more than two litres or so per day So, where to get water? It could be obtained from rainwater, but often rainfall consists of other harmful pollutants that evaporated with the water In fact, acid rain, an intense example of Page of 11 this, causes harmful effects on the wildlife of the habitat on which it falls Water from underground could also be used, though it is more difficult to contain and often must go through an extensive cleansing process The purest water is found in rivers, creeks, lakes, and dams And, sad to say, Australia has precious few of these Really, how many of your home towns have rivers? Year-round rivers, I mean The soil tends to be sandy, so water soaks into the ground Many places are rocky too, so 87% of the rainfall is lost to evaporation That’s almost twice the evaporation rate in my native Canada! Speaking of rain, we already heard how rainfall is diminishing here in Oceania The quantity itself isn’t the only problem, either Going back to the problems with obtaining rainwater, a further problem is that rain is a useful source of water only if air pollution is fairly mild Again, you’re in a situation where you can’t win You need water where most people live People tend to build cities where rainfall is adequate But then modern cities tend to feature polluted air which renders the rain far less easily usable OK, let's take a look at the table here, you’ll see it showing the relative pollution of rainfall in the world’s cities The more people, the dirtier the rain This is becoming a huge concern for people in the West, who want their water to be pure and safe Though reliable drinking water is important everywhere, the concern in the West is reflected in all the government regulations and political campaigns aimed at solving this problem In contrast, there are not as many demands made on the governments in Asian and African cultures to improve the water, as their focus is on other issues Now, whatever the source of water, we can never afford to forget that all water is highly vulnerable to contamination Whether we’re getting it from the ground, from bodies of water, or rainfall, it is susceptible to a variety of toxins In fact, that’s why we clean it before using it: water carries with it filth and dirt This problem shows up in a number of different ways As humans and all other animals need water to survive, it's no surprise to us that one of the most important domestic uses of water is for drinking Yet if you have old-fashioned lead pipes, you may slowly be poisoning yourself by drinking that nice clear water The industrial pollution, farm chemicals, and leaky landfills are well-known sources of contaminants as well Part M1: Food, we might say, is always on our minds! Here today in the studio we have nutritionists Fay Wells and George Fisher, who’ll be talking about methods of food cultivation and related issues that concern us all Fay, let’s kick off with the ‘hot potato’ of the day, geneticallymodified foods F: Yes, you hear a lot of hype from certain quarters on this topic But let’s face it, public concern isn’t helped by the fact that the various scientific reports available seem to leave you Page of 11 none the wiser On the one hand, you’ve got a group that’s finding GM foods to be quite safe and actually applaud them as a way of dealing with food shortages in certain countries Then, there’s another view that condemns them as potentially dangerous to health and insufficiently trialled; whilst at the same time pointing out, quite reasonably by the way, that the use of GM crops hasn’t actually made a dramatic difference to levels of food production worldwide In my view, it’s high time that science spoke with one voice on this issue M1: So, George, are organic foods the safest option then? M2: Well, people are horrified to hear the level of herbicide and pesticide residues that remains in fruit and vegetables, even after they’ve been carefully washed, because they go straight into our system Organic foods are one way round that They don’t come cheap though, so it’s not currently an option for low-income groups, although that could come if mass production brings economies of scale And the residues retained in fruit and vegetables vary, so some are safer to buy non-organically than others It’s not an area that many consumers are clued up about, but there’s no excuse for that ‘cos there’s plenty of factual information available online The other aspect of eating organically, by the way, that people often forget about is meat-eating Many people prefer to buy organic meat since it doesn’t contain the amount of antibiotics and growth hormones that normal meat does M1: So what else is new on the food production front? M2: Well, there’s a movement afoot in the direction of something called ‘vertical farming.’ It’s an attempt, as the name suggests, to make use of vertical, mainly city-centre, space Architects have designed skyscrapers filled with orchards and fields that have the potential to produce crops all the year round! The only drawback, as things stand at the moment, would be the prohibitive cost of the artificial lighting required! I know the idea sounds a bit far-fetched – pie in the sky, we might say! – but it’s not impossible that this vision might become a reality one day Already, urban rooftop farming is being developed, plus some special greenhouses containing multiple racks of vegetables are in use in various parts of the world F: Another development, which sounds a bit spooky to me, is that of using nanotechnology in this area Basically we’re talking here about ‘atomically-modified’ foods containing invisibly small additives Some nano-scale additives and pesticides are already on the market and this looks as if it might change the face of the large-scale food industry To me, it seems like it will confuse the picture even more as regards what we’re putting in our stomachs! What will be classified as ingredients? M2: Yes, you’re not wrong there I believe some dietary supplements are also being manufactured using nanotechnology Personally, I think that if people follow a reasonably healthy, well-balanced diet, they don’t really need to take extra vitamins – certainly not on a long-term basis, anyway M1: So where would you stand on all this, Fay? Page of 11 B: Actually, I’m just wondering whether people might not just react against all these developments and, to be on the safe side, go back to more traditional forms of self-sufficiency! I’m feeling quite tempted, myself, to go and buy a goat and a few chickens and start planting lots of vegetables! In fact, I’ve been doing some personal research into this area and I’ve picked up a few valuable ideas Like, if you set up a self-sufficient smallholding or farm, you’ve got to be prepared to deal with an incredible barrage of rules and red tape, and you’ve no choice but to toe the line Secondly, organic horticulture on a large scale needs quite a bit of investment Though, of course, you can simply concentrate your energies on cultivating enough crops for your own use Part The stone city of Machu Picchu is one of the most fascinating archeological sites on the planet Located northwest of Cusco, Peru, Machu Picchu is a testament to the power and ingenuity of the Inca people During its prime, the Inca civilization stretched about 2500 miles along South America's Pacific Coastline From modern-day Ecuador down into Chile This distance is nearly the horizontal width of the continental United States Machu Picchu located at the center of this once expansive empire is one of the few well-preserved remnants of the Inca civilization Built around the mid-15th century, Machu Picchu is a stunning example of the Inca's engineering feats The Inca constructed Machu Picchu's palaces, temples, terraces, and infrastructure using stone and without the help of wheels or tools made of steel or iron One particularly notable aspect of their construction is foregoing the use of mortar, a material often used to bind stones together Nonetheless, the stones of Machu Picchu were cut so precisely that they snugly fit together Located on two fault lines Machu Picchu often experiences earthquakes but because of the stones' exceptional cut and fit, they bounce during tremors and then are able to easily fall back into position These engineering marvels have preserved Machu Picchu's remarkable condition for over 500 years Machu Picchu's purpose is still a mystery to many archeologists Some theorize that it may have served as a ceremonial site, a military stronghold, or a retreat for nobility The site's geographic layout may be significant in another way Many of both the manmade and natural structures appear to align with astronomical events But in the early 16th century, only about 100 years after it was built, Machu Picchu was abandoned And since the Inca had no written language, no records exist to explain the exact purpose of the site Although local communities knew about Machu Picchu, the site remained largely unknown to the outside world for hundreds of years Spanish conquistadors who invaded the Inca Page 10 of 11 civilization in the 16th century never came across the site It wasn't until the early 20th century when Melchor Arteaga, a local farmer debuted Machu Picchu to outsiders when he led Yale University professor Hiram Bingham to the site Bingham and successive explorers devoted much of their academic careers to studying the archeological wonder Despite its enigmatic nature, Machu Picchu still stands as one of the world's most important archeological sites It is a testament to the power and ingenuity of one of the largest empires in the Americas In 1983, UNESCO designated Machu Picchu as a world heritage site and today visitors from around the world come to pay homage to this piece of history Page 11 of 11 ... site and today visitors from around the world come to pay homage to this piece of history Page 11 of 11 ... point/a correct answer) (NGUỒN: Chuyên Cao Bằng) 76 NG 77 T 78 T 79 F 80 T 81 NG 82 NG Page of 11 83 apothecary practice 84 (possible) toxic effects 85 molecular evidence 86 no peer-reviewed... within a healthy working environment (2 points) b) Language use (5 points) The summary: Page of 11 - should show attempts to convey the main ideas of the original text by means of paraphrasing