Epidemiology of Maternal and Child Health Problems

Epi 521/HServ 542 Epidemiology of Maternal and Child Health Problems Winter Quarter, 2016 SYLLABUS Monday and Wednesday, 12:30–2:20pm Health Sciences Center HSR RR-134 Instructor: Daniel A Enquobahrie, MD, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology University of Washington danenq@uw.edu Office hours: by appointment only (F-250C) Course Overview: Understanding the epidemiology and prevention of major maternal and child health problems, including pregnancy outcomes, infant and child morbidity and mortality, abnormal child growth and development, and early-life factors in adult health problems (4 credit course) Learning Objectives: By the end of the course, the student should be able to: Explain secular trends in major maternal and child health problems, Identify social-behavioral, environmental and biological risk factors of major maternal and child health problems, Summarize what is known of underlying mechanisms for risk factor and disease relationships in maternal and child health; and, to be able to identify testable hypotheses related to these mechanisms, Critically appraise design of studies and reporting of findings in order to identify threats to validity of causal inferences in published research on maternal and child health, Review and synthesize published epidemiological literature concerning major maternal and child health problems in order to summarize current knowledge and make recommendations EPI 521/HSERV 542_Syllabus Epi 521/HServ 542 Epidemiology of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Problems Winter Quarter, 2016 SCHEDULE Monday and Wednesday, 12:30–2:20pm Health Sciences Center RR-134 Instructor: Daniel A Enquobahrie, MD, MPH, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology danenq@uw.edu Mon., January Introduction/Course Requirements/Overview Enquobahrie Wed., January Causal Inference: Study Designs, Bias & Confounding Enquobahrie Mon., January 11 Reproductive Biology, Teratology & Pharmacoepidemiology Enquobahrie Wed., January 13 Maternal and Child Nutrition Enquobahrie Mon., January 18 HOLIDAY- Martin Luther King's Birthday Wed., January 20 Environmental Toxicants and Maternal and Child Health Enquobahrie Mon., January 25 Childhood Injury: Epidemiology & Practice Schiff Wed., January 27 Pregnancy Complications Enquobahrie Mon., February Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Astley Wed., February Human Papilloma Virus Winer Mon., February Fetal Growth and Early Life Programming of Adult Health and Disease Enquobahrie Wed., February 10 Studying Children’s Mental Health Vander Stoep Mon., February 15 HOLIDAY - President's Day Wed., February 17 Social Determinants of Health – MCH Context Hajat Mon., February 22 Child Health & Development Williams Wed., February 24 Special Populations – Women Veterans Katon EPI 521/HSERV 542_Syllabus Mon., February 29 Intervention & Community-Based Participatory Research in Maternal and Child Health Review Enquobahrie Wed., March Student Presentations Class Mon., March Student Presentations Class Wed., March Student Presentations Class Fri., March 11 TERM PAPER DUE Final Paper EPI 521/HSERV 542_Syllabus Epi 521/HServ 542 Epidemiology of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Problems Winter Quarter, 2016 READINGS Monday and Wednesday, 12:30–2:20pm Health Sciences Center HSR RR-134 Instructor: Daniel A Enquobahrie, MD, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology danenq@uw.edu Articles (readings): Wed., January Savitz DA, Hertz-Picciotto I, Poole C, Olshan AF Epidemiologic measures of the course and outcomes of pregnancy Epidemiol Rev 2002;24:91-101 PMID:12762085 Grimes DA, Schultz KF Bias and causal associations in observational research Lancet 2002;359:248-252 PMID:11812579 Mon., January 11 Zierler S, Rothman KJ Congenital heart disease in relation to maternal use of Bendectin and other drugs in early pregnancy N Engl J Med 1985;313:347-52 PMID:4010751.* Pollack AZ, Buck Louis GM, Sundaram R, Lum KJ Caffeine consumption and miscarriage: a prospective study Fertil Steril 2010;93:304-6 PMID:19732873.* Wed., January 13 Abu-Saad K, Fraser D Maternal nutrition and birth outcomes Epidemiol Rev 2010;32:5-25 PMID:20237078 Kramer MS, Moodie EE, Platt RW Infant feeding and growth: can we answer the causal question? Epidemiology 2012;23:790-4 PMID:23038108 Gernand AD, Simhan HN, Caritis S, Bodnar LM Maternal vitamin D status and small-forgestational-age offspring in women at high risk for preeclampsia Obstet Gynecol 2014;123(1):40-8 PMID:24463662.* Wed., January 20 Stillerman KP, Mattison DR, Giudice LC, Woodruff TJ Environmental exposures and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a review of the science Reprod Sci 2008 Sep;15(7):631-50 PMID:18836129 Lin CM, Doyle P, Wang D, Hwang YH, Chen PC Does prenatal cadmium exposure affect fetal and child growth? Occup Environ Med 2011;68:641-6 PMID:21186202.* Mon., January 25 Sleet DA, Moffett DB Framing the problem: injuries and public health Fam Community Health 2009; 32:88-97 PMID:19305206 Williams AF, Shults RA Graduated driver licensing research, 2007-present: a review and commentary J Safety Research 2010;41:77-84 PMID:20497792 Schiff MA, Mack CD, Polissar NL, Levy MR, Dow SP, O’Kane JW Soccer injuries in female youth players: Comparison of injury surveillance by certified athletic trainers and Internet Journal of Athletic Training 2010;45:238-242 PMID:20446836 EPI 521/HSERV 542_Syllabus Wed., January 27 Adeney KL, Williams MA Migraine headaches and preeclampsia: an epidemiologic review Headache 2006;46:794-803 PMID:16643583.* Berkowitz GS, Blackmore-Prince C, Lapinski RH, Savitz DA Risk factors for preterm birth subtypes Epidemiology, 1998;9:279-85 PMID:9583419.* Mon., February 1 Astley SJ Fetal alcohol syndrome prevention in Washington State: evidence of success Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2004 Sep;18(5):344‐51 PMID:15367321 Astley SJ Profile of the first 1,400 patients receiving diagnostic evaluations for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder at the Washington State fetal alcohol syndrome diagnostic and prevention network Can J Clin Pharmacol 2010;17:e132-164 PMID:20335648 Astley SJ Validation of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) 4-Digit Diagnostic Code J Popu Ther Clin Pharmacol 2013;20:e416-67 PMID:24323701 Additional Readings available at: http://depts.washington.edu/fasdpn/htmls/literature.htm Wed., February Bosch FX, Broker TR, Forman D, Moscicki AB, Gillison ML, Doorbar J, Stern PL, Stanley M, Arbyn M, Poljak M, Cuzick J, Castle PE, Schiller JT, Markowitz LE, Fisher WA, Canfell K, Denny LA, Franco EL, Steben M, Kane MA, Schiffman M, Meijer CJ, Sankaranarayanan R, Castellsagué X, Kim JJ, Brotons M, Alemany L, Albero G, Diaz M, de Sanjosé S; ICO Monograph 'Comprehensive Control of HPV Infections and Related Diseases' Vaccine Volume 30, Supplement 5, 2012 Comprehensive control of human papillomavirus infections and related diseases Vaccine 2013 Dec 30;31 Suppl 6:G1-31 PMID:24331817 Mon., February Dyer JS, Rosenfeld CR Metabolic imprinting by prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal overnutrition: a review Semin Reprod Med 2011;29:266-76 PMID:21769766 Johnson RC, Schoeni RF Early-life origins of adult disease: national longitudinal population-based study of the United States Am J Public Health 2011;101:2317-24 PMID:22021306.* Wed., February 10 Costello EJ, Foley DL, Angold A 10-year research update review: the epidemiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: II Developmental epidemiology J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45:8-25 PMID:16327577 Steinberg L, Dahl R, Keating D, Kupfer DJ, Masten A, Pine DS The study of developmental psychopathology in adolescence: Integrating affective neuroscience with the study of context In Developmental Psychopathology (2006), 2nd edition, Volume Two: Developmental Neuroscience, Editors: Dante Cicchetti and Donald J Cohen Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ Department of Health and Human Services (1999) Children and Mental Health Chapter 3: Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/mentalhealth/toc.html#chapter3 Wed., February 17 TBD Mon., February 22 Andrews N, Miller E, Grant A, Stowe J, Osborne V, Taylor B Thimerosal exposure in infants EPI 521/HSERV 542_Syllabus and developmental disorders: a retrospective cohort study in the United kingdom does not support a causal association Pediatrics 2004 Sep;114(3):584-91 PMID:15342825 Dolk H, Pattenden S, Johnson A Cerebral palsy, low birthweight and socio-economic deprivation: inequalities in a major cause of childhood disability Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2001 Oct;15(4):359-63 PMID:11703684 Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, Anthony A, Linnell J, Casson DM, Malik M, Berelowitz M, Dhillon AP, Thomson MA, Harvey P, Valentine A, Davies SE, Walker-Smith JA Ileal-lymphoidnodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children Lancet 1998 Feb 28;351(9103):637-41 PMID:9500320 Wed., February 24 Katon J, Mattocks K, Zephyrin L, Reiber G, Yano EM, Callegari L, Schwarz EB, Goulet J, Shaw J, Brandt C, Haskell S Gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among women veterans deployed in service of operations in Afghanistan and Iraq J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2014;23:792-800 PMID:15033644 Shaw JG, Asch SM, Kimerling R, Frayne SM, Shaw KA, Phibbs CS Posttraumatic stress disorder and risk of spontaneous preterm birth Obstet Gynecol 2014;124:1111-9 PMID:25415162 Katon JG, Washington DL, Cordasco KM, Reiber GE, Yano EM, Zephyrin LC Prenatal care for women veterans who use Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care Women Health Issues 2015;xx:xx-xx Strange LB Care coordination: an imperative for VA obstetric care J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2014;23:783-4 PMID:25321312 (optional reading) Mon., February 29 Coleman KJ, Tiller CL, Sanchez J, Heath EM, Sy O, Milliken G, Dzewaltowski DA Prevention of the epidemic increase in child risk of overweight in low-income schools: the El Paso coordinated approach to child health Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005;159(3):217224 PMID:15753263 Vaughn LM, Wagner E, Jacquez F A review of community-based participatory research in child health MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2013;38(1):48-53 PMID:23232779 *Note: Articles for in-class critique Additional Reading and Reference Books: Buck Louis GM, Platt RW (2011) Reproductive and Perinatal Epidemiology New York: Oxford University Press, Inc Koepsell TD, Weiss NS (2003) Epidemiologic Methods: Studying the Occurrence of Illness New York:Oxford University Press, Inc Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash T (2008) Modern Epidemiology, rd Ed Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins EPI 521/HSERV 542_Syllabus Epi 521/HServ 542 Epidemiology of Maternal and Child Health Problems Winter Quarter, 2016 EXPECTATIONS and COURSE GRADING Monday and Wednesday, 12:30–2:20pm Health Sciences Center HSR RR-134 Instructor: Daniel A Enquobahrie, MD, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology danenq@uw.edu ASSIGNMENTS In-class Article Critique - Discussion (Written critique optional) Mid-term* Term Paper Title and Objective* Final Term Paper * Jan 11, 13, Jan 20, 27 2-12-2016 2-19-2016 3-11-2016 *To be completed by 5pm on due dates GRADES Class Attendance and Participation Mid-Term Term Paper In-Class Presentation Term Paper 20% 30% 20% 30% GENERAL PROCEDURES: Students are required to read Assigned Readings including papers for In-class Critique and be prepared to discuss in class All reading materials and articles will be posted on the UW Canvas Course website Mid-term Exam will consist of short response questions on epidemiologic study design and causal inference and a critique of an assigned paper (following the outline provided as a guideline) The Term Paper will be a report on a MCH topic from an epidemiological/public health perspective For the term paper, a list of suggested topics will be provided Alternatively, a topic of interest outside suggested topics can also be proposed Term papers should be 6-8 (max 8) double-spaced pages (not including tables or references) and minimum 11 point font size Outlines, sample responses and/or grading rubrics for the mid-terms and the term paper will be provided Students will give a 10-15 minute In-Class Presentation of their term paper A Course Website, available through the UW Canvas system, will be set up for class materials, announcements, and updated schedules Students are expected to monitor the site regularly Students are strongly encouraged to schedule a Meeting with the Instructor to discuss progress in the course, questions (if applicable), and/or term paper topic EPI 521/HSERV 542_Syllabus Academic Integrity (http://sph.washington.edu/students/academicintegrity/) Students at the University of Washington (UW) are expected to maintain the highest standards of academic conduct, professional honesty, and personal integrity The UW School of Public Health (SPH) is committed to upholding standards of academic integrity consistent with the academic and professional communities of which it is a part Plagiarism, cheating, and other misconduct are serious violations of the University of Washington Student Conduct Code (WAC 478-120) We expect you to know and follow the university’s policies on cheating and plagiarism, and the SPH Academic Integrity Policy Any suspected cases of academic misconduct will be handled according to University of Washington regulations For more information, see the University of Washington Community Standards and Student Conduct website Access and Accommodation (http://depts.washington.edu/uwdrs/faculty-resources/syllabus-statement/): Your experience in this class is important to me If you have already established accommodations with Disability Resources for Students (DRS), please communicate your approved accommodations to me at your earliest convenience so we can discuss your needs in this course If you have not yet established services through DRS, but have a temporary health condition or permanent disability that requires accommodations (conditions include but not limited to; mental health, attention-related, learning, vision, hearing, physical or health impacts), you are welcome to contact DRS at 206-5438924 or uwdrs@uw.edu or disability.uw.edu DRS offers resources and coordinates reasonable accommodations for students with disabilities and/or temporary health conditions Reasonable accommodations are established through an interactive process between you, your instructor(s) and DRS It is the policy and practice of the University of Washington to create inclusive and accessible learning environments consistent with federal and state law EPI 521/HSERV 542_Syllabus Epi 521/HServ 542 - Epidemiology of Maternal and Child Health Problems Outline of Study Critiques A Background, Motivation and Study Aim What is/are the public health significance(s) of the research area? What motivated the study? Briefly, summarize previous literature and identify gaps What is the study aim? B Study Design & Data Collection What is the study design? Describe the study population(s) and data collection methods How are "exposure" and "outcomes" defined (conceptual and operational definitions)? What design measures were taken to avoid/control confounding? C Data Analysis What analytic measures were taken to control for confounding? Define and describe measure(s) of association and statistical stability used to summarize results? Describe analysis steps taken to evaluate effect modification Describe other statistical issues of importance (e.g multiple testing, sensitivity analyses, etc.) D Study findings Describe the major study findings Were results presented clearly in a consistent manner? Text? Tables? Figures? E Interpretation, Discussion, and Future Directions Describe likelihood and possible influence of selection bias Assess likelihood and possible influence of information bias Assess likelihood of confounding or effect modification Can/should these results be generalized to other populations? Were the authors' interpretations of the study findings appropriate? What directions or suggestions did author’ indicate for future research? EPI 521/HSERV 542_Syllabus Epi 521/HServ 542 - Epidemiology of Maternal and Child Health Problems Possible Term Paper Topics Teratology & Reproductive Biology • The Epidemiology and Changing Incidence of Congenital Heart Defects • Epidemiology of Neural Tubes Defects: Post Folate Fortification Maternal & Child Health Nutrition • Role of Maternal Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy and Child IQ • Role of Maternal Dietary Iron Intake and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes • Vitamin D Deficiency as a Cause for Type Diabetes (or Other Autoimmune Disorders) Preterm Delivery & Low Birth Weight • Fetal Origins of Childhood Obesity • Early Life Adverse Events as Determinants of Child Health Maternal & Child Health Pharmacoepidemiology • Risks and Benefits of Antidepressant Use in Pregnancy • Risk and Benefits of Asthma Treatments During Pregnancy Intimate Partner Violence & MCH Outcomes • Evaluation of Pregnancy Complications Among Abused Women • Are Depressive Symptoms more Prevalent among Women with History of Childhood Sexual Abuse? Childhood Injury Epidemiology & Practice • Impact of Graduated Driver’s Licenses on Teen Auto Crashes • Evaluation of Helmet Laws on Childhood Head Injuries Environmental Determinants of Reproduction • Mercury Contamination in Newborns of Pregnant Women who Eat Fish • Environmental Estrogens, Bisphenol A and Reproductive Outcomes Child Health and Development • Epidemiology of Childhood Sleep Disorders • Epidemiology of the Changing Incidence and Prevalence of Autism Medical Complications of Pregnancy • Does Antepartum Hospitalization/Bed Rest Help or Hurt Pregnant Women? • Epidemiology of Postpartum Depression Your Choice: Provide title and objective for review and approval 10 EPI 521/HSERV 542_Syllabus Epi 521/HServ 542 - Epidemiology of Maternal and Child Health Problems Outline of Review Article A Background: Defining the Problem B Public Health (MCH) and/or clinical Importance C Gap in Knowledge: The Unknown and/or the Controversy D Review of Studies and Strength of the Evidence - Critique E Limitations of Previous Studies F Recommendations for Future Research F Conclusion 11 ... Origins of Childhood Obesity • Early Life Adverse Events as Determinants of Child Health Maternal & Child Health Pharmacoepidemiology • Risks and Benefits of Antidepressant Use in Pregnancy • Risk and. .. 521/HServ 542 - Epidemiology of Maternal and Child Health Problems Outline of Study Critiques A Background, Motivation and Study Aim What is/are the public health significance(s) of the research... Post Folate Fortification Maternal & Child Health Nutrition • Role of Maternal Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy and Child IQ • Role of Maternal Dietary Iron Intake and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes