Technology, Globalization, and Sustainable Development (ENVR E-172)

Technology, Globalization, and Sustainable Development (ENVR E-172) Harvard Extension Program SPRING 2016 Syllabus dated 11 NOVEMBER 2015 Nicholas A Ashford, PhD, JD Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard School of Public Health Copyright © 2016 Nicholas A Ashford TECHNOLOGY, GLOBALIZATION, and SUSTAINABILE DEVELOPMENT Sustainable development includes not only a healthy economic base, but also a sound environment, stable and rewarding employment, adequate purchasing power, distributional equity, national self-reliance, and maintenance of cultural integrity This course explores the many dimensions of sustainability and their relationship to economic growth, and the use of national, multinational and international political, legal, and economic mechanisms – including environmental and trade law, and economic incentives to further sustainable development The inter-relationship of global economic/financial changes, employment, and working conditions, and the environment in the context of theories of development, trade, and employment, and the importance of networks and organizational learning are examined Mechanisms for resolving the apparent conflicts between development, environment, and employment are explored The course draws upon a recent textbook: Technology, Globalization, and Sustainable Development: Transforming the Industrial State (Ashford and Hall, Yale University Press 2011) informed and augmented by both U.S and international literature published in English It is intended to stimulate discussion and critical thinking of the assigned reading materials Students will be evaluated on the basis of their mastery of the materials evidenced by (1) short writing assignments and (2) class participation and attendance There is no examination Professor Nicholas A Ashford (nashford@mit.edu) Professor of Technology and Policy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Visiting Scientist, Harvard School of Public Health Professor Nicholas A Ashford holds a Ph.D in chemistry and a law degree from the University of Chicago where he received graduate training in economics He directs research programs in environmental regulation, worker health & safety, the effects of regulation on technological innovation, environmental justice, and globalization, trade and sustainability Organization of this Course This course and text is intended to provide a comprehensive perspective on the dynamics of industrial societies that contribute to unsustainability and to explore policy options to transform those societies – both developed and developing economies – into sustainable ones The course is organized as follows References are to the textbook Technology, Globalization, and Sustainable Development: Preface Overview Part I: The Multidimensional Concept of Sustainability Chapter 1: Concern for a Global Future Chapter 2: The Developing Concept of Sustainability: History, Definitions, and Metrics OMITTED IN 2016 Part II: Economic Development, Globalization, and Sustainability Chapter 3: Economic Development and Prosperity: Theory and Debate Chapter 4: Globalization, Production, Trade Regimes, Capital Flows, & the International Economy Chapter 5: Globalization and Sustainability Part III: Industrial Policy and the Role of the Firm in Pursuing Sustainable Development Chapter 6: The Importance of Technological Innovation Chapter 7: Organizational Innovation and Learning: The Role of the Industrial Firm in Achieving Sustainability Chapter 8: Government Policies for Fostering Innovation, Economic Growth, and Employment Part IV: National, Regional and International Efforts to Advance Health, Safety, and the Environment Chapter 9: Government Intervention to Protect the Environment Worker Health & Safety, and Consumer Product Safety: Chapter 10: Regional & International Regimes to Protect Health Safety, and the Environment Part V: International Trade and Finance Chapter 11: Trade Regimes and Sustainability Chapter 12: Financing Sustainable Development OMITTED IN 2016 Part VI: Strategic Policy Design for Sustainable Transformations Chapter 13: Reconciling the Apparent Conflicts Among Development, Environment, and Employment TECHNOLOGY, GLOBALIZATION, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DATE TOPIC AND ASSIGNMENTS 1st lecture 2nd lecture 27 JAN FEB COURSE INTRODUCTION (READ THE Preface and Overview) TOPIC 1: TOPIC 3: Economic Development and Prosperity: Theory and Debate (Chapter and assigned articles) 3rd lecture 4th Lecture Concern for a Global Future (Read selections from Chapter and assigned articles) 10 FEB 17 FEB TOPIC 4: Globalization: Production/Technology, Trade Regimes, Capital Flows, & the International Economy (Chapter 4) 5th lecture 24 FEB TOPIC 5: Globalization and Sustainability (Chapter 5) 6th lecture MAR TOPIC 6: The Importance of Technological Innovation (Chapter 6) 7th lecture MA 8th lecture 23 MAR TOPIC 8: Government Policies for Fostering Innovation, Economic Growth, and Employment (A national perspective-Chapter 8) 9th lecture 30 MAR TOPIC 9: Government Intervention to Protect the Environment, Worker Health & Safety, and Consumer Product Safety (the US) 10th lecture TOPIC 7: Organizational Innovation & Learning: The Role of the Industrial Firm in Achieving Sustainability (Chapter 7) APR Protect the TOPIC 10: Regional Regimes (the EU) to Environment and Worker Health & Safety 11th lecture 13 APR TOPIC 10 International Environmental Law 12th lecture 20 APR TOPIC 11: Trade Regimes and Sustainability (Chapter 11) 13th lecture 27 APR TOPIC 12: The Energy/Global Climate Change Challenge 14th lecture MAY TOPIC 13: Resolving the Apparent Conflicts Among Development, Environment, and Employment 15TH lecture 11 MAY WRAP-UP PRESENTATATIONS ENVR E-172 5:30-7:30 SPRING 2016 WEDNESDAYS TECHNOLOGY, GLOBALIZATION, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FIRST WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT Due at Class WEDNESDAY February 2016 Write a two-part concise essay on (1) the meaning of sustainability in the context of development, drawing from the readings (and other material if you wish), and (2) how indicators of sustainability should be constructed to measure changes (progress or regress) These indicators should be useful, practical and capable of implementation For example, surveys of "happiness" among the poor are unlikely to be useful Sustainability factors should address stocks, flows and distributional effects Note: not delve into the extensive [not-assigned] literature on sustainability indicators to this second part of the exercise You will be sorry you ever did That literature tends to be based on conventional economic indicators and obvious environmental measures [two pages, single-spaced, 12 point font] ENVR E-172 5:30-7:30 SPRING 2016 WEDNESDAYS TECHNOLOGY, GLOBALIZATION, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SECOND WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT Due at class WEDNESDAY 23 MARCH 2016 Write a two-part concise essay on the effects that a national economic development and trade strategy that focuses on delivering needed goods and services to its people, while maintaining or achieving an environmentally sustainable environment might be expected to have on employment Discuss both positive and negative effects For example, it could be argued that (1) environmental burdens are costly to industry, leading to adverse affects on employment, or (2) environmental degradation has hidden costs on both physical and human capital which could be eliminated, or (3) environmental projects create employment etc These are obvious, but there are other important consequences you should think of Write this focusing on the effects on developed countries only [two pages, single-spaced, 12 point font] It is not intended that you choose one policy (like environmentally-sound manufacturing, or lowering energy use in transportation) but rather that you think through at least several areas which contribute to economic growth but could be focused on green or greener growth You might want to revisit the overhead that lists the supply-side activities for a comprehensive list ENVR E-172 5:30-7:30 SPRING 2016 WEDNESDAYS TECHNOLOGY, GLOBALIZATION, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THIRD WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT DUE: SUNDAY 24 APRIL How could international trade agreements administered by the WTO (the GATT and the TBT agreements) be used by the European Union (the EU) to prevent, tar-sand oil from being imported into the EU if the EU decided that the environmental and/or public health effects were undesirable? What must the EU prove to be successful under each agreement before a WTO panel and what defenses could the exporter of tar-sand oil (Canada or the US) offer under each agreement? Under what specific relevant legal authority in the GATT and, alternatively in the TBT, is the EU likely to be most successful? Least successful? Be sure to reference the findings of the relevant WTO cases you have studied in this course in defense of your answers You should not go outside the assigned course materials in addressing these questions [three to four pages, single-spaced, 12 point font] Technology, Globalization & Sustainable Development Nicholas A Ashford, Ph.D., J.D Harvard Extension School SPRING 2016 Topic 6: The Importance of Technological Innovation Introduction to PART III (Chapters 6-9) Ashford and Hall, CHAPTER 6: THE IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION in Technology, Globalization and Sustainability Review from CHAPTER ONE Section 1.13 Employment (pages 35-52) Technology, Globalization & Sustainable Development Nicholas A Ashford, Ph.D., J.D Harvard Extension School SPRING 2016 Topic 7: ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION AND LEARNING: THE ROLE OF THE INDUSTRIAL FIRM IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY Ashford and Hall, CHAPTER 7: ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION AND LEARNING: THE ROLE OF THE INDUSTRIAL FIRM IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY in Technology, Globalization and Sustainability SKIP Section 7.3 Faucheux, Sylvie, Isabelle Nicolai and Martin O’Connor “Globalization, Competitiveness, Governance and Environment: What Prospects for a Sustainable Development?” Sustainability And Firms: Technological Change and the Changing Regulatory Environment S Faucheux, J Gowdy and I Nicolai, eds Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, Publisher, 1998, 13-39 van de Poel, Ibo On the Role of Outsiders in Technical Development Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol 12, No 3, 2000, pp 383-397 Charles Edquist, Leif Hommen, and Maureen McKelvey, Innovation and Employment: Process versus Product Innovation READ ONLY CH6 for now: Summary and Conclusions (pp 115-129) CH will be assigned in the Topic materials Technology, Globalization & Sustainable Development Nicholas A Ashford, Ph.D., J.D Harvard Extension School SPRING 2016 Topic 8: Public Policies for Advancing Economic Growth* a) CHAPTER 8: PUBLIC POLICIES FOR FOSTERING INNOVATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND EMPLOYMENT in Ashford, N A., Technology, Globalization and Sustainability SKIP sections 8.4.1 to 8.4.3 and 8.5 (pages 344-355) Read instead Ashford and Hall (2015) in Reading below (b) Mazzucato, M (2014) “The US Entrepreneurial State” Ashford and Hall (2015) “Making Serious Inroads into Achieving Sustainable Development: Is Strategic Niche Management/Transition Management Sufficient to Transform the Industrial State?” In press The next to the least section of the paper on regulation-induced innovation will be discussed in Topic Nine Luiten, Ester E.M “Chapter 2: Government intervention and technology studies: Toward a framework.” Beyond energy efficiency: Actors, networks and government intervention in the development of industrial process technologies 2001 (27 pages) Nehrt, Chad (1998) Maintainability of First Mover Advantages When Environmental Regulations Differ Between Countries, The Academy of Management Review, 23(1):7797 (21 pages) Kleinknecht, Alfred “Is Labour Market Flexibility Harmful to Innovation?” Cambridge Journal of Economics Cambridge Political Economy Society New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, v 22, n 3, 387-396 (10 pages) Charles Edquist, Leif Hommen, and Maureen McKelvey, Innovation and Employment: Process versus Product Innovation READ CH7: Implications for Public Policy and Firm Strategy, pp.130-163 (34 pages) Charles, Tony and Franz Lehner “Competitiveness and Employment: A Strategic Dilemma for Economic Policy.” Competition & Change 1995, v 3, 207-236 (30 pages) Malaysia: Overseas Publishers Association, 1998 Rodrik, Dani (2007) Chapter 4: Industrial Policy for the Twenty-first Century, in One Economics: Many Recipes Princeton University Press, pp 99-152 Re-read: Acemoglu, D and J Robinson (2012) “Chapter 15: Understanding Prosperity and Poverty” in Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty (Crown Publishing Group, New York) 10 Klinger, Scott (2015) “Think Corporate Tax Cuts Create Jobs? Think Again Center for Effective Government 2/25/2015 * Note Policies for job creation and employment are only indirectly addressed in this Topic (see for example the chapter by Edquist) More direct and deliberate policies for increasing employment and earning capacity are discussed in Topic 13 Technology, Globalization & Sustainable Development Nicholas A Ashford, Ph.D., J.D Harvard Extension School SPRING 2016 Topic 9: Public Policies for Protecting the Environment, Worker Health & Safety, and Consumer Product Safety (National and Regional Approaches) Readings: READ: Introduction to PART FOUR (Chapters and 10) FOR WEDNESDAY 30 March READ READINGS 1-5: The U.S Approach (an approach also used by other national governments) Read the slides that summarizes the very detailed sections 9.2.2 thru 9.2.7 CHAPTER 9: GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT WORKER HEALTH & SAFETY, AND CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY in N A Ashford and R P Hall, Technology, Globalization and Sustainability Reijnders, Lucas “Policies influencing cleaner production: the role of prices and regulation” Journal of Cleaner Production 11, 2003, pp 333-338 (6 pages) Ashford, Nicholas and Ralph P Hall (2011) “The Importance of Regulation-Induced Innovation for Sustainable Development” Sustainability 3(1): 270-292 (shorter excerpt) This is identical to the next-to-the-last section of Ashford and Hall (2015) found in Topic The European Union (a regional system likely to be emulated in other regions) CHAPTER 10: REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS TO PROTECT HEALTH, SAFETY, AND THE ENVIRONMENT in N A Ashford and R P Hall, Technology, Globalization and Sustainability Read the slides that summarize the very detailed sections 10.18 and 10.19 Read Section 10.4 Holzinger, K, (2011) Excerpts from ‘Race to the Bottom’ or ‘Race to Brussels’? Environmental Competition in Europe FOR WEDNESDAY APRIL READ READINGS and 8: EU SUSTAINABILITY GOVERNANCE: Ch3: (Treaty of Maastricht) by David Wilkinson and Ch 4: (Treaty of Amsterdam) by Andrew Jordan from Andrew Jordan (ed) Environmental Policy in the European Union: Actors, Institutions & Processes 2001 Earthscan Read pp 37-60 (44 pages) SKIP, BUT MAY BE OF SPECIAL USE TO THOSE INTERESTED IN THE DETAILS OF THE EU IPPC AND EMAS DIRECTIVES: Gouldson and Murphy, Ch3 (IPPC) and Ch4 (EMAS), and excerpts from the country analyses: UK: pp 83-89; 96-102; NL: 116122; 128-134, from Regulatory Realities: The Implementation and Impact of Industrial Environmental Regulation London: Earthscan Publications, 1998 Vogel, D “The Transatlantic Shift in Regulatory Stringency” (21 pages) Technology, Globalization & Sustainable Development Nicholas A Ashford, Ph.D., J.D Harvard Extension School SPRING 2016 Topic 10: International Regimes to Protect the Environment and Worker Health and Safety FOR WEDNESDAY 13 APRIL READ READINGS 1, and IN THIS TOPIC: Readings: International Environmental Law CHAPTER 10 REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REGIMES TO PROTECT HEALTH, SAFETY, AND THE ENVIRONMENT in N A Ashford and R P Hall, Technology, Globalization and Sustainability Read the remainder of the chapter Environmental Regulation in Developing Countries Faure, Michael, Morag Goodwin, and Franziska Weber (2010) “Bucking the Kuznets Curve: Designing Effective Environmental Regulation in Developing Countries” Virginia Journal of International Law 51: 95-157 READ: Intro, pp 97-100; IVA Integration, pp 144-152; and Conclusion, pp 155-157 Available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1711175 SKIP United Nations Environment Program (1994) Government Strategies and Policies for Cleaner Production, Paris, 1994, ISBN 92-807-1442-2, 32 pp Available at http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/1560 Global Climate Mitigation US and China Agreement : See http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/11/12/world/asia/climate-goals-pledged-byus-and-china-2.html Technology, Globalization & Sustainable Development Harvard Extension School Nicholas A Ashford, Ph.D., J.D 2016 SPRING Topic 11: Trade Regimes and Sustainability Readings: INTRODUCTION TO PART V (Chapters 11 and 12) (3 pages) CHAPTER 11: TRADE REGIMES AND SUSTAINABILITY in N A Ashford and R P Hall, Technology, Globalization and Sustainability Work up especially, bring to class, and be prepared to discuss, the asbestos panel decision and its aftermath (pages 534-543 in Chapter 11 sections 11.2.2, 11.2.3, and 11.2.4 BACKGROUND: Howse, Robert (2002) “The Appellate Body Rulings in the Shrimp/Turtle Case: A New Legal Baseline for the Trade and Environment Debate”, 27 Columbia Environmental Law Journal 491 (19 pages of text) BACKGROUND: Winter, Ryan L (2000) NOTE & COMMENT: “Reconciling the GATT and WTO with Multilateral Environmental Agreements: Can We Have Our Cake and Eat It Too?” 11 Colo J International Environmental Law & Policy 223, Winter 2000 (13 pages of text) BACKGROUND: Charnovitz, Steve (2002) “The Law of Environmental “PPMs” in the WTO: Debunking the Myth of Illegality” 27 Yale J Int’l L 59-110 BACKGROUND: Cors, Thomas A (2001) “Biosafety and International Trade: Conflict or Convergence? Int J Global Environmental Issues 1(1):87-103 (17 pages) BACKGROUND: Lee “Globalization and Labor Standards: A Review of Issues.” The Changing Nature of Work pp 105-108 (summary) (3 pages) BACKGROUND: Scott, Robert E Excerpts/overheads from the Economic Policy Institute on NAFTA/WTO and employment (6 pages) BACKGROUND: Robert Howse and Makau Mutua (2000) “Protecting Human Rights in a Global Economy: Challenges for the World Trade Organization” International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development, Canada (26 pages) 10 a Monsanto GM Corn in the EU b “European Union moves towards GM corn approval” Food Navigator November 2013 11 a Canadian Tar Sands b Hansen, James “Game Over For the Climate” IHT 9May2012 c Lewis, Ljunggren and Jones “Insight: Canada’s Oil Sand Battle with Europe” Reuters 10 May 2012 http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/10/us-oil-sandsidUSBRE8490OL20120510 12 Airbus Dispute 13 a1 China Solar Panel subsidies November 2012 a2 EU imposes definitive measures on Chinese solar panels, confirms undertaking with Chinese solar panel exporters b EU challenges China’s rare earth export restrictions - Trade - European Commission 13 March 2012 14 Hormones in Beef Trade Update 15 a “Trade Talks Raise Safety” Cheryl Hogue, Chemical and Engineering News pp, 28-29 August 5, 2013 b SKIP “EU and US Conclude Second Round of TTIP Negotiations in Brussels” (2013) European Commission c “Transatlantic and Investment Partnership: The Regulatory Part” (2013) The European Commission d SKIP Pfotenhauer, Sebastian (2013) “Trade Policy Is Science Policy” Issues in Science and Technology, pp 83-83 Fall 2013, National Academy of Sciences e N A Ashford, Commentary on Pfotenhauer, letter to the editor, Issues in Science and Technology Winter 2014 16 Copaldo, J (2014) “The Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: European Disintegration, Unemployment and Instability.” GDAE Working Paper 14-03, October 2014 READ Executive Summary, Section 1, Sections 2.1; 2.2.3 and 17 Q&A About TTIP 18 Hess, Glenn “Fast Track Trade Fight” C&ENews March 23, 2015, pp 29-31 Technology, Globalization & Sustainable Development Nicholas A Ashford, Ph.D., J.D Harvard Extension School SPRING 2016 ALTERNATIVE TOPIC TWELVE: Reconciling the conflicts among an energydependent economy, environment, and employment o BACKGROUND: Pacala and R Socolow (2004), “Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies” Science (2004) 305: 968-972 (5 pp.) o BACKGROUND: Blok et al., (2012) “Bridging the Green-house Emission Gap” Advance Nature Online Publication available at www.nature.com/natureclimatechange o BACKGROUND: Dernbach, John C (2007) "Stabilizing and Then Reducing U.S Energy Consumption: Legal and Policy Tools for Efficiency and Conservation" Environmental Law Reporter, Vol 37, 2007 (29 pages) Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=957061 o Ayers, Robert (2006) “Turning Point: The end of Exponential Growth?” Technological Forecasting & Social Change 73: 1188-1203 o * Borel-Saladin and Turok (2013) The Green Economy: Incremental Change or Transformation? Environmental Policy and Governance 23: 209-220 o Summary of The Fallacies of Green Growth (UNCTAG 2011): Summary The paper is available at: www.unctad.org/en/docs/osgdp2011d5_en.pdf and in the next reading A new UNCTAD Discussion Paper (No 205) reviews the fallacies of green growth in coping with climate change and the implications for development space Drawing on ample empirical data and examples, the paper analyses the environmental effectiveness, economic efficiency and social-political acceptability of the main elements in the green growth toolbox The main results of the analysis can be summarized as follows: Many economists and policy makers advocate a fundamental shift towards “green growth” as the new, qualitatively-different growth paradigm, based on enhanced material/resource/energy efficiency and drastic changes in the energy mix “Green growth” may work well in creating new growth impulses with reduced environmental load and facilitating related technological and structural change But can it also mitigate climate change at the required scale (i.e significant, absolute and permanent decline of GHG emissions at global level) and pace? The UNCTAD Discussion Paper argues that growth, technological, population-expansion and governance constraints as well as some key systemic issues cast a very long shadow on the “green growth” hopes One should not deceive oneself into believing that such evolutionary (and often reductionist) approach will be sufficient to cope with the complexities of climate change It may rather give much false hope and excuses to nothing really fundamental that can bring about a U-turn of global GHG emissions The proponents of a resource efficiency revolution and a drastic change in the energy mix need to scrutinize the historical evidence, in particular the arithmetic of economic and population growth Furthermore, they need to realize that the required transformation goes beyond innovation and structural changes to include democratization of the economy and cultural change Climate change calls into question the global equality of opportunity for prosperity (i.e ecological justice and development space) and is thus a huge developmental challenge for the South and a question of life and death for some developing countries o SKIM: Hoffmann, Ulrich (2012) ”Some Reflections on Climate Change, Green Growth Illusions, and Development Space” Discussion Paper No 205, UN Conference on Trade and Development December 2011 READ closely the abstract, Part I-Introduction and Part III- Developmental Challenges; skim (don’t skip) the remainder o Morgan, Tim PART FIVE: The Killer Equation in THE PERFECT STORM: Energy, Finance and the End of Growth; Strategy Insights, Issue Nine, June 2013 o Ashford, N A., R P Hall, and R Ashford (2012) “Addressing the Crisis in Employment and Consumer Demand: Reconciliation with Financial and Environmental Sustainability” (2012) The European Financial Review October-November 2012, pp 63-68 Available at http://www.europeanfinancialreview.com/?p=5884 For a deeper treatment see the next reading o OPTIONAL: Ashford, N A., R P Hall, and R Ashford (2012) “The Crisis in Employment and Consumer Demand: Reconciliation with Environmental Sustainability” (2012) N A Ashford, R P Hall, and R.H Ashford Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions Volume 2, Issue Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210422412000032 o * Kallis, G (2011) “In Defence of Degrowth” Ecological Economics 70(5): 873880 o * Tim Jackson and Peter Victor (2013) “Green Economy and Community Scale” Metcalf Foundation November 2013 READ CHAPTERS and o * Lorek and Spangenberg (2014) “Sustainable Consumption Within a Sustainable Economy: Beyond Green Growth and Green Economics” Journal of Cleaner Production 65:33-44 o * Ashford & Kallis (2013) “A Four-Day Workweek”, European Financial Review April-May 2013 pp.53-58 o US and China Agreement : See http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/11/12/world/asia/climate-goalspledged-by-us-and-china-2.html o Mazzucato, M (2015) “The Green Entrepreneurial State” * Relevant for the final assignment Technology, Globalization & Sustainable Development Nicholas A Ashford, Ph.D., J.D Harvard Extension School SPRING 2016 Topic 12: Financing [Sustainable] Development OMITTED IN 2016 Readings: CHAPTER 12: FINANCING [SUSTAINABLE] DEVELOPMENT in N A Ashford and R P Hall, Technology, Globalization and Sustainability You might first re-read section 4.6 from Chapter for a brief overview of finance issues This is a very long chapter Don't get caught up too much in the details Also read the supplementary articles Stiglitz, Joseph E “A Fair Deal for the World” The New York Review of Books May 23, 2002 (5 pages) Friedman, Benjamin M “Stiglitz’s Case” The New York Review of Books August 15, 2002 (6 pages) SKIP: Waygood, Steve (2011) “How the capital markets undermine sustainable development” What can be done to correct this?” Journal of Sustainable Finance and Investment 1: 81-87 READ conclusions, p 86 Available at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3763/jsfi.2010.0008 Arner, Douglas W and Ross P Buckley (2010) “Redesigning the Architecture of the Global Financial System” Melbourne Journal of International Law 11(2): 1-55 READ Introduction pp 2-4 and Conclusion pp 52-55 Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1758470 The South Center (2010) The Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Industrial Development of Least Developed Countries, The South Center Research Paper 28, May 2010 READ abstract (p.6) and executive summary (pp 13-15) Gurtner, Bruno (2011), “The Financial and Economic Crisis and Developing Countries”, International Development Policy Series, pp 189-213, The Graduate Institute, Geneva READ Section Karnani, A neel (2007) “Employment not Microcredit, is the Solution” Ross School of Business Working Paper Series, Working Paper No 1065, January 2007 Available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=962941 Benediktor, Roland (2012) “Social Banking and Social Finance: Building Stones Towards A Sustainable Post-Crisis Financial System?” European Financial Review February 15, 2012 10 Kelly, Marjorie (2012) Owning our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution, Prologue 11 Ashford, R., R P Hall, and N A Ashford (2012) “Broadening Capital Acquisition with the Earnings of Capital as a Means of Sustainable Growth and Environmental Sustainability” European Financial Review pp 70-74 12 Fullerton, John (2014) “Limits to Investment: Finance in the Anthropocene.” Great Transition Initiative Available at http://greattransition.org/images/GTI_publications/Fullerton_Limits_to_Investment.pdf Technology, Globalization & Sustainable Development Nicholas A Ashford, Ph.D., J.D Harvard Extension School SPRING 2016 Topic 13: Reconciling the conflicts between economy, environment and employment Readings: IN PLACE OF DOING ALL THE READINGS 1-25, READ CHAPTER 13 which draws upon the concepts in aritcles 1-28 However, for those interested in a deeper treatment of various issues, they might want to read some of the individual articles Politics and Power Ismail, Razali Agenda 21 and the UN Commission on Sustainable Development Keynote Address." In Global Accords for Sustainable Development: Symposium Report pp 26-32 E McLaughlin, ed Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Natural Capital, Ecological Economics, De-materialization, and Cleaner Production Hawken, Paul “Natural Capitalism.” Mother Jones March/April (1997): 40-54 (12 pages) Gailbraith, James K, et al “Responses to Paul Hawken.” Mother Jones May/June (1997): 6-11 (5 pages) Daly, Herman E “Fostering environmentally sustainable development: four parting suggestions for the World Bank.” Ecological Economics 10 (1994): 183-187 (a) Schmidt-Bleek, F (2002) “Factor 10, The Mandatory Technological Choice.” Workshop on Technological Choices for Sustainability, Maribor, Slovenia, October 13 – 17, 2002, pp 1-13 (7 pages) (b) Reijnders, Lucas (1998) “The Factor X Debate: Setting Targets for EcoEfficiency” Journal of Industrial Ecology 2(1):13-22 (10 pages) (c) Pogosso, Zanette, Filho, Ometto, and Rozenfeld (2010) “Ecodesign Methods Focused on Remanufacturing” Journal of Cleaner Production 18: 21-31 McDonough, William and Braungart, Michael (1998) “The NEXT Industrial Revolution” The Atlantic Magazine 282(4):82-92, October 1998 (10 pages) Geiser, Ken and Oldenburg, Kristin “Pollution Prevention and or industrial ecology? J Cleaner Production 5(2), 1997, p 103 (excerpt: pages) Disruptive Innovation and Changing the Nature of What is Sold Hart, Stuart L and Milstein, Mark B “Global Sustainability and the Creative Destruction of Industries” Sloan Management Review (1999) 41 (1) 23-33 (11 pages) Prahalad, C.K and Hart, Stuart L.(2002) “The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid.” Strategy+Business, undated, pp 2-14 (7 pages) See also London, Ted and Hart, Stuart (2004) “Reinventing Strategies for Emerging Markets: Beyond the Transnational Model” Journal of International Business Studies 35:350-370, article updating Prahalad and Hart (2002) (not provided) Beyond Environmental Devastation: Globalization and Public Health 10a and b: Yach, Derek and Bettcher, Douglas “The Globalization of Public Health (a) I and (b) II, American Journal of Public Health 88(5):735-742 plus commentary (13 pages) 10c Pimentel et al (2007) “Ecology of Increasing Diseases: Population Growth and Environmental Degradation” Human Ecology 35:653–668 10d Sasco, Annie J (2007) “Cancer and Globalization” Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy pp 1-12 available online at www.sciencedirect.com Consumption 11a UNEP (2002) “Responsible Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Development: Facts and Figures.” Industry and Environment June-July, 2002, pp 4-10 11b Cohen, Maurie J., Halina Szelnwald Brown, and Philip J Vergragt (2010) “Individual Consumption and Systemic Societal Transformation: Introduction to the Special Issue.” Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy 6(2): 6– 12 Available at http://sspp.proquest.com 12 Tukker, Arnold (2006) “Identifying Priorities for Environmental Product Policy” Journal of Industrial Ecology 10(3):1-4 available at www.mitpressjournals.org/jie 13 Tukker, Arnold (2006) Part One Product Services: The Context Introduction in New Business for Old Europe pp 1-19, Greenleaf Publishing 14a Mont, O and Lindhqvist, T (2003) “The Role of Public Policy in Advancement of Product Service Systems”, Journal of Cleaner Production 11: 905-914 (10 pages) 14b Carlo Vezzoli, Fabrizio Ceschin, Jan Carel Diehl, Cindy Kohtala, (2012) “Why have ‘Sustainable Product-Service Systems’ not been widely implemented? Meeting new design challenges to achieve societal sustainability Journal of Cleaner Production 10: 1-3 (three pages) 14c Product-Service Systems and Sustainability, UNEP Workshop 2000 14d UNCTD “The Fallacies of Green Growth” (2011) Read summary e SAVE FOR TOPIC 14: Hoffmann, Ulrich (2011) “Some Reflections on Climate Change, Green Growth Illusions, and Development Space” UNCTD Discussion Paper No.215, December 2011 f Lorek and Spangenberg (2014) “Sustainable Consumption Within a Sustainable Economy: Beyond Green Growth and Green Economics” Journal of Cleaner Production 65:33-44 Innovation or Cost-reduction as a Basis for Revenue Enhancement? 15 Charles, Tony and Franz Lehner “Competitiveness and Employment: A Strategic Dilemma for Economic Policy.” Competition & Change 1995, v 3, 207-236 Malaysia: Overseas Publishers Association, 1998 Reconciling Trade and Environmental Policies 16 Steininger, Karl “Reconciling trade and environment: towards a comparative advantage for long-term policy goals.” Ecological Economics (1994): 23-42 (excerpts) (excerpt: pages) Trade Unions as Essential Stakeholders 17 Baker, Jim “Trade unions and sustainable development.” UNEP, Industry and Environment, April-June, 2002 pp 28-31 Do Environmental Investments Increase Employment? 18a Getzner, M “The Quantitative and Qualitative Impacts of Clean Technologies on Employment.” abstract & excerpt Journal of Cleaner Production 10 (2002) pp 305 & 318 (15 pages) Read abstract, first page and conclusion; SKIM Remainder : 18b ETUC (2007) “Climate change and employment” short abstract (3 pages) 18c REFERENCE: ETUC (2007) Summary, “Climate change and employment” (19 pages) Reconciling Trade and Employment Policies 19 Ehrenberg, Daniel S “From Intention to Action: An ILO-GATT/WTO Enforcement Regime for International Labor Rights.” Human Rights, Labor Rights and International Trade Eds Lance A Compa and Stephen F Diamond Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996 163-180 Raising the Stature of the Environment in World Governance 20.Charnovitz, Steve (2002) “A World Environment Organization” 27 Colum J Envtl L 323-362 (16 pages, references omitted) Raising the Stature of Employment in World Governance 21 (a) EU, “Trade and Development: The European Commission adopts strategy to promote core labour standards and social governance globally.” http://europa.eu.int/comm/trade/miti/devel/cls.htm, 18 July 2001 (1 page) (b) Labour Standards [readings WTOh], WTO website, pages A Role for MNCs 22.Wallace, David “Chapter 7: Policy Levers for Developing Countries” & “Chapter 8: Conclusions.” Sustainable Industrialization London: Earthscan Publications/Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1996 73-87 The Importance of Innovation 23a Ashford, Nicholas, “Technological, Organizational and Social Innovation as Pathways to Sustainability, 2000 (manuscript) 44 pages (SKIM) 23b Jansen, Leo (2003) “The challenge of sustainable development” Journal of Cleaner Production 11: 231–245 23c Beddoe, Rachael, Robert Costanza, Joshua Farley, Eric Garza, Jennifer Kent, Ida Kubiszewski, Luz Martinez, Tracy McCowen, Kathleen Murphy, Norman Myers, Zach Ogden, Kevin Stapleton, and John Woodward (2009) “Overcoming systemic roadblocks to sustainability: the evolutionary redesign of worldviews, institutions, and technologies” PNAS 106(8): 2483–2489, February 24, 2009 Available at http://www.pnas.org_cgi_doi_10.1073_pnas.0812570106 PE Products versus Process Innovation and Employment 24 REVIEW (From Topics and 8) Charles Edquist, Leif Hommen, and Maureen McKelvey, Innovation and Employment: Process versus Product Innovation CH6: Summary and Conclusions (pp 115-129) and CH7: Implications for Public Policy and Firm Strategy (pp.130-163) The Role of Law 25 Dernbach, J C (2008) "Navigating the U.S Transition to Sustainability: Matching National Governance Challenges with Appropriate Legal Tools." Tulsa Law Review, 44, 93-120 Degrowth as an Emerging Paradigm 26 Mantinez-Alier, Unai Pascual, Franck-Dominique Vivien, and Edwin Zaccai (2010) “Sustainable de-growth: Mapping the context, criticisms and future prospects of an emergent paradigm”, Ecological Economics 69:1741–1747 27.van den Bergh, CJM.(2011) “Environment versus Growth: A criticism of “degrowth” and a plea for “a-growth” Ecological Economics 70(5): 881– 891 28 Kallis, G (2011) “In Defence of Degrowth” Ecological Economics 70(5): 873-880 FINAL ASSIGNMENT The current model of development based on economic growth has been criticized on the basis of an obsession with increasing GDP and labor productivity as indicia of success The so-called “degrowth” movement (see Kallis 2008 for a defense of degrowth and his description of skeptics’ concern); Chapters and of Jackson and Victor’s Green Economy at Community Scale (2013); and Borel-Saladin and Turok’s article The Green Economy: Incremental Change or Transformation? are responses to calls for transforming the unsustainable industrial state Kallis and Jackson/Victor advocate moving to green growth and argue that (1) reducing working time, (2) having people engage in more unpaid work, and (3) replacing privatesector funded economic activities with community-funded investments in more sustainable enterprises and banks are the key structural changes that are needed Lorek and Spangenberg (2014) and others are doubtful that green growth will be adequate Ashford and Kallis (2013) argue that a shorter workweek is worth trying, but emphasize the uncertainties associated with its outcomes To what extent does all this body of work give us practical, realistic blueprints for a more sustainable future? What specific policy recommendations are wrong-headed? What fundamental features of unsustainable economies remain unaddressed or inadequately addressed? Viewing energy production and use both as a determinant of economic growth (with positive employment benefits) and a source of harmful environmental effects (both GHGs and air & water pollution & waste), describe an approach that governments might take to address this wicked problem: (how) can increasing economic growth be reconciled with improvements in environmental sustainability and employment with purchasing power? In your essay, address both developed and developing countries undergoing rapid economic growth like China and India [5-8 pages, single-spaced, 12 point font] ... for Sustainable Transformations Chapter 13: Reconciling the Apparent Conflicts Among Development, Environment, and Employment TECHNOLOGY, GLOBALIZATION, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DATE TOPIC AND. .. Ashford and R P Hall, Technology, Globalization, and Sustainable Development • Introduction and Human Needs (pages 19-22) • The Measurement of (Human) Development (pages 22-33) • Consumption and. .. Definitions, and Metrics OMITTED IN 2016 Part II: Economic Development, Globalization, and Sustainability Chapter 3: Economic Development and Prosperity: Theory and Debate Chapter 4: Globalization,