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PERSPECTIVES UPPER IntERmEdIatE Teacher’s Book Hugh DELLAR Andrew WALKLEY A u stra lia B zil M e xico S in g a p o re U n ite dK in g d o mU n ite dS ta te s www.frenglish.ru Perspectives Upper Intermediate Teacher's Book Publisher: Sherrise Roehr Executive Editor: Sarah Kenney Publishing Consultant: Karen Spiller Development Editor: Katie Foufouti © 2018 National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as permitted by U.S copyright law, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner “National Geographic”, “National Geographic Society” and the Yellow Border Design are registered trademarks of the National Geographic Society ® Marcas Registradas Director of Global Marketing: Ian Martin Head of Strategic Marketing: Charlotte Ellis Product Marketing Manager: Anders Bylund Director of Content and Media Production: Michael Burggren Production Manager: Daisy Sosa For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, cengage.com/contact For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be emailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com Media Researcher: Leila Hishmeh Manufacturing Manager: Eyvett Davis Art Director: Brenda Carmichael Production Management and Composition: Lumina Datamatics, Inc Cover Image: This image, created by TED Prize winner JR, was on the cover of The New York Times Magazine’s “Walking New York” issue ©JR-art.net/Redux Pictures Perspectives Upper Intermediate Teacher's Book + Audio + DVD ISBN: 978-1-337-29856-8 National Geographic Learning Cheriton House, North Way, Andover, Hampshire, SP10 5BE United Kingdom National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Learning Company, has a mission to bring the world to the classroom and the classroom to life With our English language programs, students learn about their world by experiencing it Through our partnerships with National Geographic and TED Talks, they develop the language and skills they need to be successful global citizens and leaders Locate your local oice at international.cengage.com/region Visit National Geographic Learning online at NGL.Cengage.com/ELT Visit our corporate website at www.cengage.com Printed in Greece by Bakis SA Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2017 www.frenglish.ru Contents Introduction Travel, trust and tourism 16 The business of technology 32 Faster, higher, stronger 49 Cultural transformation 65 It’s not rocket science 83 Adapt to survive 101 Outside the box 118 Common ground 134 Lend a helping hand 151 Life changing 167 Communicative activities 185 Workbook answer key 224 Grammar practice answer key 238 10 www.frenglish.ru Contents UNIT VOCABULARY LISTENING GRAMMAR READING Experiences abroad A podcast about study-abroad programmes Present and past forms An article about a disappearing way of travelling for free Vocabulary building Phrasal verbs Critical thinking Evaluating ideas Travel, trust and tourism Pages 8–19 Setting up a new business Vocabulary building Adjective and noun collocations A lecture about young entrepreneurs Present perfect forms and past simple An infographic about online crime Four people talking about sportspeople they admire Determiners An article about the lengths countries will go to in order to host the Olympics and well Critical thinking Interpreting data The business of technology Pages 20–31 Describing sportspeople Vocabulary building Synonyms in texts Critical thinking Supporting arguments Faster, higher, stronger Pages 32–43 Cultural events Vocabulary building Adjective and noun collocations Future forms An article about an innovative programme for teaching music Critical thinking Understanding and evaluating ideas Cultural transformation Pages 44–55 Science in action Vocabulary building Adjective endings A podcast about art projects A radio programme about life hacks It’s not rocket science Pages 56–67 www.frenglish.ru The passive Pronunciation Stress in the passive An article about why humans are curious Critical thinking Asking critical questions GRAMMAR Used to and would Joe GebbIa Pronunciation Elided ‘d Joe Gebbia’s idea worth spreading is that we can design products, services and experiences that feel more local, authentic and that strengthen human connections SPEAKING WRITING Advice / Making recommendations A review Persuading A persuasive article Writing skill Adding comments Authentic listening skills Reporting How Airbnb designs for trust Verb patterns (-ing or ininitive with to) James VeITCh James Veitch’s idea worth spreading is that spam email can lead us to some surprising, bizarre and often hilarious exchanges with others This is what happens when you reply to spam email Comparatives and superlatives David Epstein’s idea worth spreading is that the amazing achievements of many modernday athletes are thanks to a complex set of factors, not just natural ability Are athletes really getting faster, better, stronger? Future forms Reporting indings A survey Making suggestions A for and against essay Writing skill Describing statistics Authentic listening skills Slowing down and stressing words RobeRT hammonD Pronunciation Contrastive stress Writing skill Getting people’s attention Authentic listening skills Intonation and pitch DaVID epsTeIn Pronunciation Linking words together in fast speech Pronunciation Intonation for persuasion Robert Hammond’s idea worth spreading is that we can work together to turn abandoned and neglected parts of our cities into vibrant community spaces Writing skill Introducing arguments Authentic listening skills Recognizing words you know Building a park in the sky The passive beau LoTTo anD amy o’TooLe Science is for everyone, kids included Beau Lotto and Amy O’Toole’s idea worth spreading is that all of us can be scientists if we approach the world with the curiosity, interest, innocence and zeal of children Authentic listening skills Fillers Staging and hypothesizing A scientiic method Writing skill Describing a process www.frenglish.ru Contents UNIT VOCABULARY LISTENING GRAMMAR READING Endangered species An interview with a conservationist about extinction Modal verbs and meaning An online article about an endangered animal Vocabulary building Compound nouns Critical thinking Assessing information adapt to survive Pages 68–79 Breaking the mould Vocabulary building Noun forms A podcast the importance of creativity First, second, third and mixed conditionals An article about tests of creativity An interview with a girl about intercultural communication Reported speech An article about diferent sub-cultures around the world A radio programme about crisis mapping Relative clauses Critical thinking Fact and opinion outside the box Pages 80–91 Identity and communication Vocabulary building Compound adjectives Pronunciation Stress for clariication Critical thinking Understanding other perspectives Common ground Pages 92–103 Dealing with disaster Vocabulary building the + adjective An article about how the United Nations gives a voice to young people Critical thinking Detecting bias Lend a helping hand Pages 104–115 Illness and injury Vocabulary building Dependent prepositions A radio programme about inspiring ilms 10 Life changing Pages 116–127 www.frenglish.ru Expressing past ability Pronunciation Stress on auxiliaries An article about the ight against superbugs Critical thinking Thinking through the consequences GRAMMAR Modal verbs and ininitive forms LaTIF nasseR SPEAKING WRITING Telling anecdotes A problemsolution essay Latif Nasser’s idea worth spreading is that in science, and in life, we are making surprising discoveries that force us to reexamine our assumptions Pronunciation Weak forms of have and been Authentic listening skills Understanding fast speech You have no idea where camels really come from Wish, if only, would rather eRIn mCkean Erin McKean’s idea worth spreading is that making up new words will help us use language to express what we mean and will create new ways for us to understand one another Pronunciation Elision of inal consonants t and d Ofering solutions A report Challenging ideas and assumptions A complaint Countering opposition A letter of application Writing skill Cohesion Authentic listening skills Speeding up and slowing down speech Go ahead, make up new words! Patterns after reporting verbs saFwaT saLeem Safwat Saleem’s idea worth spreading is that we all beneit when we use our work and our voices to question and enlarge our understanding of what is ‘normal’ Why I keep speaking up, even when people mock my accent Writing skill Using appropriate tone Authentic listening skills Just Participle clauses beCCI manson Pronunciation ing forms Becci Manson’s idea worth spreading is that photographs hold our memories and our histories, connecting us to each other and to the past Writing skill Structuring an application Authentic listening skills Intonation and completing a point (Re)touching lives through photos Emphatic structures JanIne shepheRD Pronunciation Adding emphasis Janine Shepherd’s idea worth spreading is that we have inner strength and spirit that is much more powerful than the physical capabilities of even the greatest athletes A broken body isn’t a broken person Grammar reference and practice 128 Writing skill Topic sentences Developing conversations A success story Writing skill Using descriptive verbs Authentic listening skills Collaborative listening Irregular verb list 148 Writing bank 149 Word lists 154 www.frenglish.ru Introduction Perspectives encourages students to develop an open mind, a critical eye and a clear voice in English Here are some teaching tips to help you make this happen in your classroom An open mind As well as developing students’ knowledge and use of English, every unit explores one theme from a variety of perspectives and fresh contexts Perspectives encourages students to keep an open mind about the information that they meet throughout the course and to look at the world in new ways so that they leave every lesson a little smarter My perspective activities In every unit there are several activities called My perspective, which ask students to relect on the content of the lesson from their personal point of view Sometimes you’ll ind a My perspective activity at the beginning of the unit to engage students in the theme and get them thinking about what they already know about it Here are three ways to use them: • conduct a class discussion Let students read the questions, then nominate individuals to share their ideas Encourage others to respond and welcome contrasting points of view • organize students into discussion groups Group work can get more students talking, even the quieter, less conident class members Consider giving individuals speciic roles like chairperson and spokesperson, the chairperson’s job being to make sure everyone stays on task and gets to speak, while the spokesperson summarizes the group’s discussion to the whole class • let students work on their own to answer the questions in writing or as recorded audio Not only does this allow students time to prepare, it provides a private space that some students need to be able to express themselves Choose activities Students are motivated by greater control in their learning In every unit they get the chance to choose a task There are three options, which include one or more speaking and writing tasks Which activity is best depends on several things, such as what skills the students need to work on, which is possible with the technology available, and how much time you have If you expect students to make sensible decisions, they need to be well informed, so make them aware of the issues Here are three ways to approach Choose activities: • students choose which task to work on and get into groups with others who have made the same choice This can create a happy, productive atmosphere, but bear in mind that some activities take longer to complete than others, and require varying degrees of input from the teacher Be prepared for these issues by having fast inisher activities ready, for example • have a vote on one task the whole class will After the vote, if there is a tie, ask one student from each side to explain which is best and take the vote again If there is still a tie, you can make the decision Consider holding a secret ballot, since students may be reluctant to choose an activity they like if they feel it may be unpopular with the majority • there may be times when it is necessary for you to decide for the class In cases like these, explain why, e.g there isn’t enough time to the others or because one task is better exam preparation than the others • let students more than one task For example, the writing task may make a suitable preparation step before the speaking task for a class that inds speaking spontaneously challenging A critical eye Students learn the critical thinking skills and strategies they need to evaluate new information and develop their own opinions and ideas to share Being able to critically evaluate and assess ideas and information is becoming ever-more important as young people have to deal with fake news and one-sided presentations of facts, often distributed online via social media Being able to think critically involves a range of diferent skills, including developing the ability to interpret data, ask critical questions, distinguish between fact and opinion, see other points of view, detect bias, and recognize and assess the merit of supporting arguments Critical thinking and Challenge activities Lesson B of every unit in Perspectives is based around a reading text The texts cover a wide range of genres and students are asked to interact with them in many diferent ways Once comprehension of the texts has been fully checked, there is often a Critical thinking focus which encourages students to practise a range of skills in the context of particular texts The Challenge activities in each Lesson D get students to engage with the big idea of the TED Talk Both within the Critical thinking activities and elsewhere, there will be plenty of times where students are asked to work together and discuss their ideas, opinions, thoughts and feelings Some students may not always be very enthusiastic about taking part in pair or group work, so it is important for them to realize its many beneits These include: • giving learners the chance to brainstorm ideas before they have to think about the best language to express those ideas in To make life easier for lower levels, brainstorming tasks can initially be done in the students’ irst language • giving learners the chance to use language they have only recently studied alongside language they are already able to use well Introduction www.frenglish.ru • encouraging students to learn from each other Obviously, this may mean learning new language, but also means being exposed to new ideas and opinions • developing the class bond and improving relationships between students This is especially true if you mix up the pairs and groups and ensure everyone talks to everyone else • giving you a chance to see how many ideas students have about any particular topic, the range of language they are using and what content and/or grammar and vocabulary you might want to focus on during feedback There are several things you can to help students get more from pair and group work: • make sure you always explain the task clearly before splitting students up into pairs/groups • give your own models to show students the kind of speaking you want them to • check understanding by asking the class to tell you what they are going to before they it • set a clear time limit • monitor carefully to check everyone is doing what you want them to, and to see how they are handling the task • have extra activities ready for any fast inishers There are ideas on these throughout this book • inish with some feedback This may mean looking at errors, exploring new language and/or asking students to share their ideas After Critical thinking tasks, you may also want to comment and expand on students’ ideas A clear voice • drill individual words, collocations or whole sentences • help with individual sounds • draw attention to word and sentence stress, elision, linking, etc by marking these features on examples on the board • get students to experiment saying phrases at diferent speeds or with diferent intonation or diferent emotion Independent learners We can’t cover all the language students need in class, so it is important that we help them become independent learners An essential part of that is for students to make good use of dictionaries, both bilingual and monolingual A bilingual dictionary is good for when they are looking for a word in English You could encourage their use for example in the brainstorming activities mentioned above You might give students the topic of the next unit and, for homework, get them to create a phrase book that they think may be useful to talk about the topic A monolingual dictionary is better when they have the English word and need to know not just the meaning but also the grammar, collocations and other aspects of usage connected with it You can help students become independent by getting them to use a monolingual dictionary when doing vocabulary tasks rather than preteaching the key language before they start When you go through answers to activities, you can check the meaning and other aspects of the word by asking students questions, such as What other things can you X? Why might you Y? Can you give three examples of Z? Developing a clear voice in English is about learning language and expressing your own views, but it is also about how we can help students with pronunciation, become independent learners and achieve the grades they need in exams You will see speciic examples of such questions in the teaching notes As well as asking questions like those above, you might also give extra examples, ask students to ind examples in a dictionary, and get students to create sentences related to their lives Help with pronunciation Exam skills There are tasks that focus on aspects of pronunciation in every unit of Perspectives as well as the Authentic listening skills sections in each Lesson D These highlight features of connected speech that may cause diiculties In both these sections, students may attempt to copy diferent speakers’ pronunciation However, we see these sections more as opportunities for students to experiment with how they sound in English and ind their own voice, so: Throughout the Teacher’s Book you will ind tips that you might pass on to students to help them achieve good grades in their exams Some of these tips are about being an independent learner, using a dictionary and knowing what to revise That’s because (as you probably know), fundamentally, students better when they know more language! • don’t expect students to be perfectly accurate • treat the answer key as a guide • judge students’ eforts according to their intelligibility You can also take the ideas in these sections and apply them to other language sections in the book So as you go through a vocabulary or grammar task, you might: The exam tips also give advice on speciic task types commonly found in international and local exams, when these tasks appear in the Student’s Book Some of these tips may be repeated at diferent levels and you might want to further reinforce the point by checking if students remember them each time that task comes up in class Introduction www.frenglish.ru Unit walkthrough Vocabulary Vocabulary gives students the language they need to respond as they think about the unit theme in new and interesting ways High-impact photo engages students’ interest in the topic Students relate the content to themselves and their own world Adapt to survive 6a Evolution and conservation The lag-footed bug has evolved to hide among leaves and lower petals VoCABulARY Endangered species Work as a class Discuss the questions • What is evolution? What is conservation? • What reasons are there for a species to adapt? What characteristics about a species might change? Complete the article about Madagascar with these words adapted habitat breed hunting conservation risk died out saved endangered species extinct survival Madagascar is an island famous for its biodiversity Evolution has created thousands of unique (1) that have (2) to life on the island In fact, scientists have discovered more than 600 new animals since the beginning of this century However, while it may seem that wildlife is doing well, many animals and plants are in fact at (3) because tropical forests are being destroyed to make farmland Eighty percent of Madagascar’s human population live in poverty and depend on basic farming The silky sifaka is one of the most (5) for (4) animals There are only around 250 left in the wild A (6) and prevent people programme is trying to preserve its (7) it The national dog of Madagascar, the Coton from (8) from extinction, and now people de Tulear, was (9) it in several countries The Madagascan Elephant Bird (10) in the 17th century It was wasn’t so lucky It became (11) because people stole its three metres tall and may have (12) huge eggs, which were big enough to feed a family Work in pairs Discuss the questions • • • • • What endangered species you know? Why are they endangered? How are they being protected? What animals have become extinct? Why? What arguments can you think of for and against conservation? Match each word with the correct group of collocations beneit habitat In thIs UnIt YOU • discuss evolution and conservation • read about an endangered animal • learn about mysterious occurrences consequence risk conservation species gene survival destroy their … / preserve their … / lose its natural … … of the ittest / its long-term … / ensure its … at … of extinction / a high … / reduce the … of disease work in nature … / be involved in a … group / improve energy … an endangered … / a … of bird / discover a new … bring a lasting … / a potential … / be of … pass on their …s / in its …s / ind a … for cancer as a … / have serious …s / consider the …s Look through the collocations in Exercise Identify any phrases that are new to you Write an example sentence for each of the new phrases • watch a TED Talk about where camels come from • write a solution to a problem 68 Unit Adapt to survive Words are taught with their collocates and practised in context 10 Introduction www.frenglish.ru 69 grammar 1 using; using; b; studying / to study; to link; to see; to pick up; to give to close; to receive; to plan; to continue; to offend; to accept a; a; c; c; a to create; to be; correct; to accept; interacting; correct; making to study; to design; to keep to guarantee; Faster, higher, stronger thinking; fixing; to see; me to arrange; us to text; me checking; her carrying; us to swim; me travelling; him to be; her to play me the directions; him money for his class trip; the children a story; me a pen; you my phone; her parents tickets for the opera TEdTalk to accept; to receive; corresponding; to spend; wasting; creating; to send b; c; c; e; a; b; c f; a; d speaking watching / to watch; to go; to see; to look; calling; to go; to use; studying Wouldn’t, I’d find it really annoying Haven’t, I’ve seen that happen Won’t, It will look weird if you that? Isn’t, That’s a bad idea Can’t, We can wait five more minutes Didn’t, You should have seen her yesterday Shouldn’t, You should finish your homework first Vocabulary 1 c; court; b; c a 4; b 8; c 1; d 6; e 3; a; d; a; c; d; a pass; swing; diving c; c had; competed; was; won; smashed; captained; scored; played really great attitude; real passion; set; played a key role; scored a goal; won; energetic; competed in and won positive; gold; the star; He holds; technique noun adjective energy passion skill awareness positivity competition energetic passionate skilful aware positive competitive 10 a; b; b; c; a; c 11 Sports mentioned: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10 12 d 13 d; a; kick; d; best time, at the; far easier, think it is; fastest time; isn’t as, popular in; He’s a lot, better at it, than I; first team, years in a; as often as, used to; than it, years ago Writing b; a; Pronunciation / listening Possible answers: Haven’t you had enough already? Aren’t we all responsible for the environment? Shouldn’t you wait for the sales? Don’t you need a plan B? Aren’t you going to play football? d; b; e; a; g; b; f; c grammar review 14 a; a; an; a; 10 a; 11 an; 12 a 1 is based in / at; dealing with; put together; recover from; way of handling / way to handle 15 the; the; the; x; the; an; the; the; a; 10 x; 11 any; 12 the; 13 the; 14 His; 15 the supplier; negotiate; market; Networking; distribute; entrepreneur; based; invent 16 A; the; x; the; the; a; the; a; the; 10 the; 11 x; 12 the; 13 a; 14 the; 15 a have; have measured; correct; have been using / have used; has been lending; Damon cofounded; correct; has worked / has been working 17 much; each; How many; lot; any; Some f 5; g 2; h 226 Workbook answer key www.frenglish.ru an; a; an; a; a few; both; an; a 18 this; an; any; those; Many; the; both of Vocabulary building 1 talents; elite; establish; Money; amounts; selected reading 2, 3, a; c; c outperform; fade; ritual; achieve; clear grammar 1 c; d; b; a; b; a; d much colder / a lot colder / a great deal colder / far colder; slightly hotter / a little hotter / a bit hotter; a lot more / many more / a great deal more / far more; much more expensive / a lot more expensive / a great deal more expensive / far more expensive; far better / much better / a lot better; a bit longer / slightly longer; great deal more / lot more were 34 years earlier than the first World Cup football game; 1.5 metres longer than the women’s (world record jump); over 111.22 million more people watched it on TV; 15 minutes longer than Ruby (can); five fewer points than we did / than us a; b; b; b; b; a; a; b a bit more / less talented than; is as beautiful as; is as important as; is slightly better than; correct; is not nearly so hot / is not nearly as hot; far more efficient than; correct; the longest T; F; F; T; T; T; F d; f; b; e; h; a; b; a; b; a; b; g; c g; c; b a review e; a; h; medal; passion; attitude; won record; score; captain; role; (All possible answers) x, a few, many, a lot of; the, a lot of; a, the; x, a few, a lot of, many; a lot of, x, a few, many; many b; c; b; c; a; b; b slightly bigger than; is not quite as cheap; isn’t as fast as; quite a bit taller; weren’t quite as expensive as; isn’t as long cultural transformation 1 Rather; Conversely; but; but; But; but Olympic marathon; that race; surface technology; record; gene pool; elite athletes; competitive world; ascent marathon; swimming; sprinting; sprinting faster; stronger; best; most e; f; b; marathon; longest; taller; a; 1 production; viewers shorter; d speaking 1 The main thing we discovered was; The most surprising thing we found was that; Apart from that, we found that; Another portrait; attracts; attend; boost; brings; holds; generates on; on; b; for; a; in; on; in d; Possible answers: b, c; b, c; b a; d; d; b a; d, e; d, f; c, f; d, e; jazz; recital; composer; arrangement; conductor; conservatory; gig; musical c; cycling; art gallery; studio; lyrics; Art: mural, painting, portrait; Music: concert hall, lyrics, verse c; TEdTalk c; More than half; Just under two-thirds; Roughly a quarter; doubled; One in four; vast majority of; Almost 40 percent of; increased by Vocabulary not as fast; not as many; not as safe; more colourful; more; wasn’t as good; not as many F; Writing 1 f; d; 2 3 thing that was interesting was; you won’t be surprised to hear that; but one thing that was interesting was; Some other things worth mentioning are d; a; b; d; c; b Pronunciation / listening mobbed; freezing; loads; way; never; terrible; hours; awful 10 b; a; 11 g; d; a; f; b; c; a; c; b; c; h; c; a e; i Workbook answer key www.frenglish.ru 227 grammar will have finished; were planning to stay; will have been hiking; won’t have read; will have finished drying; was going to study; will not/won’t have spent 13 will read; we are going; subscribe; going to watch; you will use; are going; going to deliver; will take; won’t use will have been; will have welcomed; was planning; was going to visit; would hike; will have melted; will have finished 14 is attending; ‘ll be pretending; is performing; will be wearing; ‘m going to meet; finish; are going to order; are about to put I thought we would enjoy the new exhibit / I thought we were going to enjoy the new exhibit By the time you take your Spanish exam, you’ll be ready to go to Costa Rica We’ll have finished decorating the house by July I was going to take a drawing class tomorrow but won’t have enough time / I was going to take a drawing class tomorrow but there won’t be enough time The students will have read the book by Monday I hoped the play would finish earlier He said he was going to ride his bike and meet us at the museum / He said he would ride his bike and meet us at the museum We had to leave early because he was arriving at 9:00 12 c; b; c; a; b 15 The lectures start on Friday evening Will the reporters be interviewing the singer after the concert? We are about to watch the music video on his laptop That young artist will certainly make an impression on the art world when her show starts Will the musicians be working on their new song tomorrow? The art class is going to display their drawings in the hallway next week I don’t think he will be ready on time I will have enough short stories ready once I publish my first book 16 Do, know; will, be filming / film; Will, give; is, leaving; will, be doing; Is, dancing; is, to finish 1 a lot of; to try to; sort of; going to; or for worse; even though; right after; you know run over; less; abandoned; industrial relic; economic case; dreams; architecture Vocabulary building 1 diverse; strict; hard; innovative; leading; driving; mixed TEdTalk low-; reading would; was going to; would be; moving; is going to g; b; c; a; e; f e; c; a; c; b; c; d F; T; NG; 1 e; d; T; F d; e; a; f; b she’ll have visited; will have been practising; will have been studying; I’ll have cooked; We’ll have been swimming; I will have listened will have learned; won’t have had / will not have had; ’ll have packed / will have packed ’ll have been looking around / will have been looking around; ’ll have watched / will have watched; ‘ll have been waiting / will have been waiting; ’ll have been taking / will have been taking; ’ll have tried out / will have tried out 4 My sister was going to read but couldn’t find her book I wondered if he would come to my party I was going to call you, but I fell asleep By the time we get to the cinema, the film will have started By the time we arrive, we’ll have been sailing for two hours By the time he retires, he’ll have saved a lot of money a; b; d b; a; f is speaking grammar 1 c; f; a; would; b; a; b; a; a; a c; jazz funk; keys (keyboard); He prefers chart music to jazz; go to a 90s party; no; a big family trip – cousins cancelled so she can bring a friend; no, she thinks zoos are cruel; rescues animals / sculpture park; the gallery; 10 younger brother doesn’t like art feel, to, festival; sound, kind, I’m; in, how, to, exhibition; wondering, like, a, club; honest, really, of; if, rather, always, the Writing A; F; F; A; A; F; F; A four; introduction; relevant; brief; three; in favour of; against; support; conclusion; 10 personal a 6; b 7; c 2; no; yes; d 5; e 4; f 8; g 3; h no; no; yes review 1 impact; sense; support; brings; boosts; generate; attended 228 Workbook answer key www.frenglish.ru attracts; to not influence; to hold back; to cancel an event; to find money; to grow in importance; an idea or plan that’s been done before; good results; weak ambition would start; would make; wouldn’t sell; wouldn’t go; was going to; would take; was starting e; i; d; h; a; g; b; f; c was going; will have; would wait; is giving; will have lived; will have had; will have been playing it’s not rocket science Vocabulary 1 b; d; c; b; b; b; d; c; a; b; d; heat; track; prove; analyze; dissolve; form e; d; c; a; f; c reading submit; carry; analyze; up; of performed; Pronunciation / listening 10 believed; claimed; said; estimated; thought; known; accepted known; 11 d 12 reveal; Researchers; categorize; characteristics; acceptance; recognize; response; influence 13 b b; d; c; c; a grammar 15 have been changed; was enjoyed; were developed; was founded; can be shared; are spent; has also been a; b; h a; d; c a; f; c; data; reacted; disprove; set; dissect; observation; support a; c; g; d; b; Hypothesis: disprove, formulate, test; Experiment: conduct, perform, set-up d; 17 Answers may vary Possible answers: The scientists designed an experiment to test the quality of the gold The biologist had released the fish into the stream We attached the wire to the battery, which started the experiment We are dissolving the powder in the liquid The smartphone was used to make a video of our experiment The winners can be found on our website or in our magazine I have been discouraged from building a supercomputer by the high cost Scientists from your country are considered (by experts) to be among the best in the world -able: adaptable; -ful: beautiful, helpful, hopeful; -ive: effective, imaginative, innovative; -ous: curious Researchers designed an experiment to demonstrate their theory The chemical reaction released energy The substance dissolved after it was heated up Form a hypothesis before collecting data She placed the cell under the microscope Scientists tracked the gorillas’ eating habits 14 1b; 16 might be conducted; had been questioned; was being caused; were confirmed; have been transformed; will be tracked; has been selected; are being won; was submitted proof; b released; references; out; 10 was created; Vocabulary building a data; results; discover; solution; curious; examine; technology d; changed; be “called”; can be seen; 11 have been sold; 12 will be improved b; d; e grammar 1 A; P; A; 10 A; 11 P a; d; c; A; P; P; a; d; A; P; A; d; b It’s said; doesn’t; are claimed; is generally accepted; It’s assumed; are; It is thought b; b; a; b; a; b 5 I had my research project displayed at the science fair My aunt got her favourite recipe printed in the newspaper I had my temperature taken at the clinic Jamie got his experiment finished for him (by some classmates) 6 It is thought (that) recording lectures helps students (to) learn; It is assumed (that) most students need to study regularly; It is thought that exercise is good for the brain; It is claimed (that) the world gets / is getting hotter every decade; It is assumed (that) scientific advances help people (to) live longer; It is well known that Mrs Liu is the best teacher at our school Studying abroad is thought to help students become more curious about the world Thirty-seven percent of the people in our country are estimated to have university degrees Our experiment was said to be doomed to failure since we didn’t take into account the temperature Brushing your teeth twice a day is claimed to keep your mouth healthy Workbook answer key www.frenglish.ru 229 Fish such as salmon are believed to be good for the health of your brain Getting at least eight hours of sleep every night is thought to help your brain work better TEdTalk 1 X; B; OK? B; Right? A; X; A; A; B; a introduction; b method; Biology Letters; 30,000 d; f; a; X; e; b; right? B; c results; X; Right? S; A d discussion; c H; Q; S; H; Q; H; S e; a; d; L; I; L; E; b c 8; I; L; E; I d 2; e 7; f 1; g 6; h review 1 recorded; formed hypothesis; tracked; released; submit; create; add; design; out; analyze; prove; get rid of place; b; work in nature; from; to; to; f; a; pass on its; leave the; on; out; b; for c; survive; species; e noun adjective Verb conformity conforming conform modification modified modify threat threatened threat adaptation adaptable adapt sustenance sustaining, sustained sustain a; a; b; had adapt to survive a; b; a; b; a 12 the consequences; species; their habitat; group; survival; genes; benefit 13 a; c; d; b; a; c 14 g; e; b; a; f; c; T; F; T; F 15 F; T; extinction; h; d should; could; 17 may not; may; can; will; wouldn’t; must Vocabulary waste; may can; can; will; 18 must; may / might; may / might; must; can / may; must 20 will; save; b; 19 must rely; must call; can expect; couldn’t connect; might even be b 1 drought; environmental; fishing; wild; expedition; route 11 a; b; 16 may; might; is generally agreed; are controlled; was said; is awarded; was written; was believed; is claimed b; c grammar carry is being; has been; dreamed; are; been; used; are being; are stored a; a; b; Pronunciation / listening aim; discover; conform; incorrect; carried out; Before the experiment, During the experiment, In order to; Once; 10 then b 3; b; 10 insulation; conform; endurance; familiar; sanctuary; modification; hazard; prospect Writing a 5; b; d; the first thing we’d need to is; I wonder how; We’d also need to make sure that we; we’d need to try and work out; I suppose then we’d probably be best; it’d be good to know whether; I’d imagine that the data would probably reveal; I’d expect the results to show; I would have thought it’d be possible to prove c; c; habitat; extinct; endangered; adapted; store; risk b f; Positive: conserve, habitat, save, survive; Negative: die out, endangered, extinct, hunt bring a lasting; preserve their speaking 1 Q; I, warming; I, greenhouse; C; I, natural; C; I, more will; can; might; should know; will; would Vocabulary building 1 e; a; 230 Workbook answer key www.frenglish.ru f; b; h; d; c; g Possible answers in second part: Photograph C; Before seeing the zebras, Speaker A probably felt frustrated and disappointed After watching the herd, he or she was most likely very happy and excited How did you feel when you saw the zebras? Would you like to go on safari again? Do you have any pictures of the zebras? reading c c; b; d; a; d; c; f; c; g; a; e; d d; b; b; b Answers will vary Possible answers to follow-up questions: Why you think the dolphin swam into the harbour? What happened after you saw the dolphin? How did you feel when you saw the dolphin? Did you call anyone for help? Who? Were you able to help the dolphin get back to the ocean? grammar 1 d; c; a; d must have been / must’ve been; should have; can’t have been; could have; wouldn’t have; will have; shouldn’t have been have been; should; been; shouldn’t be could; be seeing; will have Need I explain; have to study; As you can see; could have come; wouldn’t have come; should have seen; could have been done; must have been h; c; a; b; a; a; b; a; g; b; e; d; a be; have been; be; have 1 digging up; a little bit; most of them; had an idea; years; he found; a long time; specific 3; 5; c; 1; 6; 4; f; d; nine; b; d; g; e; e; h; e 2; f 5; g NS b; a; j; h; a; f; c g; b; k; c 1 died out; are at risk; haven’t adapted to; long-term survival; been saved; passed on habitat; risk; species; survival; genes; adapted b/c; b/c; a; a/b; e; f; g; b; h; a/c; b/c c; a; d can’t have; must have; would be going; wouldn’t have; must have been; wouldn’t have helped; could live outside the box 1 makes her / a living always make the most doesn’t make sense make up your mind made a splash made a big impression can’t; difference; any; impression of; for; f; c; living; a; e; b c Possible answers in first part: Really? That must have been wonderful! So, what did you do? What happened? How amazing! c; d; b; made; b follow; create; adapt; kill; score; has; works a; a; TS; NS; e; d; a; speaking 1 d; NS; c 1; d 7; Vocabulary TEdTalk North; fragments; scanner; structure; American; fat; South America a 6; b 4; review f I can see the film on Saturday You should be studying at the library every day / Every day you should be studying at the library He might go to Madagascar this summer / This summer he might go to Madagascar She may need to buy a new bike You can’t have read that entire book! He might have enjoyed the beach more in better weather / In better weather, he might have enjoyed the beach more You should have told me before I went! be called; be found; been; encourage Writing make; a; d create; creativity; creation; creatively; with; up a bank account; a deadline; CV; disease; find out an emotion; your gift; ingenious; originality; imagination; Innovative; vision Workbook answer key www.frenglish.ru 231 Pronunciation / listening didn’t; should; couldn’t; doesn’t; could; hadn’t; could; can’t 10 e; c; h; a; f; d c c; a; b; c; c; 12 F; F; O; F; O; O; a; b F; O grammar 14 allow; will have; have; are; was; correct; would; hadn’t chosen; correct; go; would five / gave; correct 5 11 13 a; could; had; rather; was; would; had listened; would stop; go would be; were 15 hadn’t played, wouldn’t have been; meditate, will be able to think; exercised, would feel; look, might think; took, could think; mightn’t have been, had gone; hadn’t taken, wouldn’t have been able to 16 come / will come; worked; can plan / are able to plan; didn’t take; wouldn’t have written; hadn’t walked; were 17 knew, would find; will understand / would understand, think / thought; hadn’t started, wouldn’t have learned; will be, surrounds; tried, would understand; won’t start, doesn’t realize; hadn’t drawn, wouldn’t have found; will realize / would realize, research/researched Vocabulary building I wish I were a fashion designer I’d rather be at the beach right now I wish my parents hadn’t made me learn the violin I wish I didn’t have to practise for the concert I wish he would stop telling me how to finish my writing If only I’d finished my project on time I wish I was like my brother I wish I had signed; I wish you were; I’d rather she had; If only I’d paid; I’d rather make; I wish I’d chosen; I wish I could go 7 I wish my parents had encouraged me to play an instrument If only he hadn’t wasted his talent I wish my neighbour would stop practising drums all day I would rather the main character in the book was more likeable I really wish the gallery was open I wish I didn’t have to invent solutions all the time If only I could paint like Picasso I would rather the teacher gave us more freedom TEdTalk c; d; Verb Noun Adjective Noun vary variety/variation useful usefulness speaking publish publication logical logic know knowledge fluent fluency conclude conclusion flexible flexibility 1 R; R; S; 11 R assess assessment intelligent intelligence analyze analysis concerned concern d; f; a; e; c; b e; b; g; c; a; f identical (twins); fraternal (twins); nurture; at birth; indistinguishable; human nature; IQ; genetic influence d; b; a a; f; b; a; b; will d; c C; C; S; R; a; a; b; a S; S; C; 10 ; What you think about; If we that, won’t it; it would allow us; that way we could; My only issue is; Maybe we should Answers will vary Possible answers: a Wouldn’t it be better to start with something easier, like a 5K? That way, you can see if you like races b If you ask me, you should try to put the argument behind you I’d suggest forgetting about the whole thing c Perhaps it would be better to look for another job first My recommendation would be to stick with it until you find something else Writing grammar 1 c; c; you’ll; wouldn’t have; would we call; should; would still know; understand; pay; would we name e; reading a; b; was; could; could a; c; c; would; could; 1; d; a would; was; 4; 7; Purpose; This report will; Background; Methods of investigation; We then surveyed; Findings; Recommendations; We might consider 232 Workbook answer key www.frenglish.ru right spot; students; A group of students; researching; space; places; sunlight; stone; in containers; 10 involved review 1 creative; create; creation; creative; creatively; creativity 1; 2; 3; 5; want; correct; encourage; would feel; wouldn’t have developed; correct a; c; didn’t use; f; c; e; a; a; d; d; b; d 1 get; connect; join; have b f; c; reading respond; a; share; photos; make; pay; texts; on the phone; b; c; e; b a; b; T; T; F; pay; insult; put; swallowed; reaction c; F; T; wax; 10 f; b; d T praise; flatter; eight; next; didn’t have to; a; c; g; d; 11 faster pace; economy and trade; distinct languages; affects 98; e physical objects; 12 b 13 c; b; c; a; b; a; c; a have; eat; d; a; b; c 1 convinced; reminded; arranged; promised; suggested; claimed; persuaded; encouraged for; x; x; to; for warned; advised; confess; intended; recommend; persuaded; recommend; ask; consider claim that; to avoid; invited; pretend to be; correct; making; for; promised b and d; a and c; a and d; b and c; a and d; b and d a and b; b and c; warned me not to believe; was argued that; refused to let me dye; insist on employing; suggested that I go to; be forced to react; stated that challenging The company threatened to dismiss workers to be more cost-effective I would urge everyone to make like-minded friends The company notified us that the tickets had been sent by email He denied that he had discriminated against anyone She resented being called a goth He thanked the audience for being so well-mannered My sister always asked to borrow my clothes I would recommend staying away from two-faced people announced; confess grammar 14 are; c; of; on; x; Pronunciation / listening thousands; weren’t d; grammar from; offence; reaction; conscious; complimentary; stereotypical F; globalization; powerful engines; cultural connections; basic truth; Future Shock; knowledge-based; unique culture a; Positive association: avoid discrimination, pay a compliment, sort something out; Negative association: be offended, create an awkward silence, discriminate against, have a misunderstanding, stereotype people d; a; c or i; h; f; c or f; b a chat; a message; my message out T; took; warned; 16 Jens asked if there was a championship for making funny faces Monika asked whether there was camel wrestling in Turkey Chen asked what Germans did to celebrate weddings Wilma asked how people exchanged business cards in China and Japan / Wilma asked how people n China and Japan exchanged business cards Hasan asked if there was a monkey festival in Thailand Petra asked whether it was unusual for people to close their eyes while another person is speaking Ana asked where the biggest tomato fight in the world took place 1 g; j; e; d; 10 b Vocabulary c; built; Vocabulary building c; common ground d; 15 visited; were; was; thought; wasn’t claimed; insist; deny; persuade; have; served; like Workbook answer key www.frenglish.ru 233 TEdTalk 1 b; a; b; c; a; T; F; T; T; F; c; 3 b T; T; F b c; f; d; a; e; b speaking 1 g; e; c; a; h; b; Just because, it doesn’t mean; from, point of view; Speaking as; totally supports, it’s crazy; As a, I think; I mean from; view; Writing e; a; g; d; b; f; h; c; a; d; f; b; d; d; b; c; c; a fled; infrastructure; infrastructure d; f favour; What’s; just; doesn’t; mean; do; for; 10 totally The city’s infrastructure was completely destroyed The main roads were blocked The earthquake struck the city centre There was a shortage of petrol Volunteers had the task of rebuilding They tried to flee the area c e; roads; b; c debris; an aid; noun Verb devastation devastate destruction destroy appeal appeal supplies supply provisions provide evacuation evacuate I am writing to complain, as it suggests, problems; the attitude, While; however, stereotype, There is a risk; I would like you to, I suggest drought; blackout; hurricane; tsunami; earthquake; heatwave, hail; flood a 1; Pronunciation / listening b 1; c 2, 3, 4; d 3; e 1, 2, 3; f 2; g 4; h 1, 2, review 1 sort out their differences / sort their differences out; was very offended; paid me a compliment about; best response is; discourage me from going; felt awkward minded; faced; complimentary; mannered; stereotyped; discriminatory; heartbroken; effective had taken; seemed; had made / was making / is making; had reacted / reacted; clapped / clap; had expected / was expecting / expects / expected 4 I told you that I avoid studying at the weekends I told her that seeing a doctor was a good idea He assures his parents that studying in Cairo was a great experience We insisted on our friends joining us at the poetry reading Did you ask him to study at the library after school? b; a; b; b lend a helping hand Vocabulary 1 disastrous; level; impact; saved flooded; rescued; shelter; challenging; long; stressful; flexible; responsibility, rewarding continuing; being; drinking; ongoing; clearing; responding; relocating; appealing 10 c; a; b; 11 e; c; h; a; c; b; a; d; g; a b; f 12 c 13 T; F; F; T; T; F; T; F grammar 14 who; which; which; x; that; whose; which; whom 15 that; which; that; that; which; who 16 There is new technology which was designed for use in disaster zones Dr Paul Gardner-Stephen, who is a computer researcher at a university in Australia, developed a way for people to communicate after a natural disaster He designed a new technology called “mesh networking” which lets people communicate by mobile phone where there is no mobile network or the mobile network has been destroyed In mesh networking, each phone sends and receives data, which could be text messages, phone calls or files, for the whole network Google started a drone program which could deliver aid to hard-toreach places 234 Workbook answer key www.frenglish.ru Google also developed project Loon, which is a way to provide internet connections to remote places with a network of highaltitude balloons 17 Michael and Kenny Ham created the All Terrain Solar Trailer, which is a solar generator OpenRelief is developing a drone that will use cameras and software to identify and locate people in disaster areas The PLOTS spectrometer, which allows people to test their drinking water, costs about $10 The Aid Necessities Transporter (ANT), which was invented by Brian Lee, can carry supplies over rough terrain Anna Stork and Andrea Sreshta created a solar-powered light, which makes it easier to distribute disaster aid 18 which; which; which opens; who; who; that Vocabulary building 1 the traumatized; the rich, the poor; the brave; young; the best/worst, the worst/best; the old the b; f; b; g; c a; c; f grammar 1 affected; wanting; including; based; investing; leading made; damaged; Countries that/which have been affected by disasters often need international aid Students who want to help raise money for the appeal should meet in the library at 2pm I find it hard to watch news of disasters which include images of children Donations that/which have been made by the public will be sent to the victims of the earthquake Many countries give development aid to countries that have been damaged by war The headquarters of the U.N., which is based in New York, was set up in 1945 There has been an increase in companies which / that are investing in green technologies There has been a series of natural disasters which has led to a food shortage enlarged; made travelling; including; Travelling; Having; set up; Having joined TEdTalk 1 rising; falling; rising; falling; rising; rising; rising; rising; 10 falling b; a; b; a; b a 6; b 2; c 7; d 4; e 1; f 5; g d; f; e; b; a a; c; c; rising; speaking d; boy; rope; wealth; lightweight; donkeys; $108,000; inspire; suspension e; caused; 1 what; there’s; denying; with; top; not; to note reading d; Having met; recently destroyed by fire; Having decided; Raising half of the required funds; After appointing; asking them to make donations; having done so filled; used; Having attended the … Wanting to remain neutral; Correct; Having fled … Correct, or change Watching to Having watched; Having made money; Faced with; Correct Forced to flee my home; Exhausted / Being exhausted; Being in an unfamiliar place; Having left the room; listening to the other delegates; Lacking money a; f; b; g; c a 4; b 6; c 1; d 3; e 7; f 5; g Today I want to speak to you; Now, I know what you might be thinking; I’m obviously not going to deny that; it’s too late; what you recommend; To begin with; On top of; Let’s not forget that; It’s also important to; 10 final points you want to note Writing E; I; E; I; E; I d; f; g; h; b; a; c; e response; volunteers; apply; future; First; hospital; regards; bring; suitable; 10 experience; 11 forward T; F; T; NG; T; NG; T; F review 1 rescued; evacuated; launched; rise; flood; flee; blocked survived; impact; affected; infrastructure; zone; survivors; shortage; supplies; debris that; who; which; which; that; who; which; which living; called; famous; people who are willing to help after; correct; coffee, which; correct When I was younger, I had a good friend named Megan My father is the man reading by the pool / The man reading by the pool is my father Workbook answer key www.frenglish.ru 235 Many people went to the concert held at the park Did you see the email sent by Kailash? I love the dress the girl walking ahead of us is wearing The boy riding the blue bike isn’t looking where he’s going Vocabulary building 1 prescription; chance; awareness; capable; resistant; devoted; aimed; investment 10 life changing reading Vocabulary 1 pass; absorb; beats; tastes support; infect; absorbed; bacteria; infection; muscles; digestive; touch h; c; b; d; f; use; breathe; senses; heartbeat; g; a; up; detect; think; action; cure; chest; spread c; a; c; a; b; e spreads; made; intensive; wheelchair; c; d; d haven’t; is; 10 recovery; symptoms; resistant; awareness; treatments have; prescribe; has detect; 11 a 12 d; b; a; d; b; 13 a; c; b; c; c T; T; T; F; T; F; F c; b; d; b; b; a; a; d; a c; d 1 The invention of antibiotics did lead to increased life expectancy Only after the invention of antibiotics did surgery become more common Not until recently have people realized the need for new treatments Little would people have guessed the negative effect fast food would have Regular exercise does improve your health As a child, little did I imagine all the improvements in medicine Not until new drugs are invented will we be able to cure most diseases Rarely has there been a luckier accident than the discovery of penicillin have; had; Not only; did; in no way; only after Pronunciation / listening was; F; d; did; was; is; could Heart attacks can cause disability The patient felt numbness in his legs He suffers from a range of medical conditions People start rehabilitation in hospital Her speech became slurred am; has; a; grammar Illness: bleeding, cancer, stroke; Treatment: antibiotics, operation, physiotherapy waist; action; trap; infection; damage c; did; was; only after; Little; not only … but also; did mean; Little can they; Not until I was; Rarely did it; Only after … did I begin; rarely I let; medication does let me did he expect what he; after testing many plants did; Rarely patients recover; no way was he to; point / time did I understand; people live longer than Little most people know what a huge difference … Not only most people not wash their hands very often, but they also don’t use soap Nowhere in the country is as bad as this area when it comes to hygiene Only then will we have improved health d grammar TEdTalk 14 managed to; could; could; was able to; could; was able to; managed to; was able to 15 Was, able to; Was, able; Did, manage to go; Did, succeed; Were, able to; Could, managed to walk / could she walk around; Were, able; Did, manage 16 a; a or b; a; a or b; b; a; a or b; a or b 17 could buy; were, able to manufacture; have, managed to identify; did, succeed in finding; were, able to give Adjectives: answers should include any three of the following: grateful, ready, depressed, normal, different; Nouns: answers should include any three of the following: life, hospital, nurse, home, machine, nickname, ward, wheelchair b; c; a; c; a; b; c; b little; at no time; did; only after; Not until; Nowhere else; never before; did c; d; e; 236 Workbook answer key www.frenglish.ru a; f; b speaking 1 b; a; c; a; c; sympathetic; surprised; message; surprised b passing on a Some answers may vary Possible answers: No, what happened? Oh no! Wow, that’s great! Poor guy! Awesome! Say ‘hi’ from me heard; happened; Apparently; kidding; heard; Maybe; Poor; OK; tell; 10 thinking Suggested answers: Photo 1: The child probably feels tired and weak He might have a fever However, he probably feels glad that his mother is there to comfort him Photo 2: The man probably feels awful because not only is he sick, but he also has to work He might also feel stressed and tired Writing B; A; A; A; a; c; c; d; e; b; b; A; b; B; B; B c f; a; c review 1 back to full fitness now made a full recovery hadn’t left was out of action back to normal physiotherapy; cure; stroke; prescribe; infection; injury; care; wheelchair managed to walk; able to leave; find; succeeded in curing; couldn’t meet; athletes can The athletes managed to; could see; manage Little did we know; may be; can; are; must; is Rarely have I enjoyed a concert as much as I did last night Little did he know we were planning a surprise party for his sixteenth birthday Only after I bought the tickets to the film did I realize I couldn’t go At no time did I think I’d end up in the hospital because of a bite from a spider Nowhere else in our town sells better ice cream than my uncle’s shop In no way should you underestimate the importance of a good education Workbook answer key www.frenglish.ru 237 Grammar practice answer key Travel, trust and tourism had been talking had known had been lying had seen had enjoyed had been staying Correct Incorrect (We’ve almost finished raising the money we need.) Incorrect (Have you considered paying someone who can it?) Incorrect (I’m going to keep writing to them until I get an answer!) Correct Incorrect (I’d recommend reporting it It doesn’t look right.) Incorrect (I tried to get a better deal, but they basically just refused to negotiate.) Correct would / used to would / used to was would treated made / did / completed / managed / took posting to crash to speak feeling to change playing to buy trying to take 10 winning used to come / would come / would usually come used to work / would work didn't use to travel / would not travel / wouldn't travel / wouldn't usually travel / never used to travel / would never travel used to have used to be 1 went stayed had took hadn’t been I’d been having improved were staying felt 10 is coming 11 I just hang out 12 I’m still looking 1a I had ever left 2a got used to 3a I had never stayed 4a We have got 1b You're leaving already / You're already leaving / Are you leaving already 2b I'm slowly getting used to 3b are you staying 4b we're hardly getting The business of technology 1 me to use me thinking about her not to force you to anyone / someone not liking Remind me not / never taught me to you not listening Faster, higher, stronger 1 Italy, junior high school, the boys’ team women’s the truth, motorbikes, charm, a lovely personality Alabama, the youngest, a farmer a teenager, groceries, a shoe repair shop a company, badminton rackets, the material, the rackets b a a b b a a or b* b * for a long time in the past, but not now OR for a long time from the past and continuing to now 2 not much almost no Very few / Not many any very much A lot of / Most every a lot of / so many always since* when set / started / opened last / past made / earned living / leading has * This was the point at which the actions began No both Neither every any Either All each The present perfect simple: refers to the duration of something (always) that’s still true now (= she still loves drawing) Present perfect continuous: talks about the duration of activities that are still true now - and emphasizes the process (not the completed action) Past simple: completed in the past Present perfect simple: introduces an action (starting to make shoes) connected to a present situation / discussion Present perfect simple: refers to a completed event within a period of time including now Present perfect continuous: talks about the duration of activities that are still true now - and emphasizes the process (not the completed action) 238 miles more goals than wasn’t as fast / didn’t run as fast / ran almost as fast / was almost as fast as much as (country’s) most successful swimmer longer you play, the were far fewer professional Students’ own answers Grammar practice answer key www.frenglish.ru cultural transformation 1 will do, leave have, won’t be raining are going to start, have raised are going, have finished am not doing, will show is about to start, will call, has finished adapt to survive 2 as soon as they have before they paint they are going to complete / they are to complete shouldn’t be a failure will be shopping / will be going shopping / am going to be shopping going expected would were than wasn’t 4 I thought it would I was expecting it were hoping / had been hoping was going was going to stay have started I’m going I’m helping, I’ll have finished I’ll have been living slept it's not rocket science 1 (1) had (obviously) existed (2) was invented (3) marked / marks (4) was found (5) is (now) called (1) is (often) called / has (often) been called (2) had been produced / were produced / were being produced (3) presented (4) were being printed (5) (were being) distributed (1) being stolen / getting stolen (2) be installed (3) track (4) is being used / has been used (5) be wiped (6) getting (1) hit (2) be replaced (3) has been funded (4) has started (5) are (already) being built (6) are getting was shown to the queen was awarded to Ahmed Zewail were set some tricky questions were taught how to it had been given to me / was given to me a is (generally / widely) accepted b accept a don’t know b is not known a think b is thought a were believed b believed having* are be done to cause It that * getting isn’t appropriate because it’s a formal text will shouldn’t can will may can must could must 10 would 11 could 12 may 13 could 14 would a b b b a a 3 might can’t have been feeling should shouldn’t have been keeping would might will have been shouldn’t have scared, wouldn’t is still not known / still isn't known were believed to be had their brains scanned were asked to talk about can’t have survived may / might / could have (once) been should have realized would have taken will have been filmed / caught must have been lying can’t / couldn’t have been should have had / taken could’ve / would’ve filmed / photographed outside the box 1 want hadn’t helped had would’ve been are not going to would had tried wouldn’t 2 hadn’t (had not) asked create / have created would’ve/would have started was / were would be will never get / are never going to get wouldn’t/would not hadn’t/had not been suggested answers If they hadn’t given all the children a creativity test, they wouldn’t have realized how talented she was / is If you don’t follow the rules, you’ll / you’re going to fail the course If I’d practised (it) recently, I could play it (better) OR I would / might be able to play it (better) If universities valued creativity, they would help students develop it (more) She wouldn’t be successful / She wouldn’t have become successful if she’d obeyed all the rules If you don’t encourage creativity in children, it won’t grow Grammar practice answer key www.frenglish.ru 239 As we fled the city, we encountered an elderly man who / that my son insisted we shared our food with The roads out of the west of the city, where many thousands fled from, were largely blocked The experience varies wildly, depending on the charity we’re working with On her arrival, Ms Kuti, whose approach I totally agreed with, took control of the situation The book you’re referring to was the very first on the subject to be published hadn’t suggested didn’t have to went could wouldn’t had only we could would be more positive / wouldn’t be so negative would rather have left wish we had analyzed didn’t go had, try kept, no-one / nobody, only dealing with arrested after the not working personally experiencing exposed to affected accused wrapped Not realizing Having seen Concerned common ground 1 wanted the following summer the next week there the previous week had to I was are was going to 10 had been to let to come wasn’t would have to was would write shouldn’t worry had called could / would go 10 I hadn’t done 11 think 12 was suggested writing / suggested (that) I write / suggested (that) I should write agreed to meet apologizing / to apologize for saying deny doing / deny having done was intended to prevent has been urged to change refused to obey / follow / stick to insists on employing 1 managed / had were been succeeded able could managed to walk was able to walk haven’t been able to find / haven’t managed to find / haven’t succeeded in finding succeeded in developing / managed to develop had been able to / had managed to 3 succeeded in becoming were able to stop / managed to stop was able to save / managed to save wasn’t able to hear / couldn’t hear / could hardly hear d a e g b at no time rarely Not until Not only Only Students' own answers lend a helping hand 1 which where most of which whose none of whom who which is when that The town we were staying in narrowly missed being hit by the hurricane It’s an achievement we are all very proud of The following day, a second, smaller earthquake hit the town the aid was being distributed from 240 unable f c h advised / urged blamed / criticized tell / warn admitted / denied promised / refused arguing / insisting put off 10 life changing 4 directing Grammar practice answer key www.frenglish.ru little .. .Perspectives Upper Intermediate Teacher's Book Publisher: Sherrise Roehr Executive Editor: Sarah Kenney Publishing... cover of The New York Times Magazine’s “Walking New York” issue ©JR-art.net/Redux Pictures Perspectives Upper Intermediate Teacher's Book + Audio + DVD ISBN: 978-1-337-29856-8 National Geographic... students’ knowledge and use of English, every unit explores one theme from a variety of perspectives and fresh contexts Perspectives encourages students to keep an open mind about the information that
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