The sea using the sea, law and control

THE SEA USING THE SEA- LAW and CONTROL Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 ORLANDO TEMES DE OLIVEIRA – Navy Captain Ret •PORTUGUESE NAVY (1962-1992), - Navy School (1962-1965) - Navigator officer at Frigate “Álvares Cabral” (1966-68 Mozambique) - Commanding Officer: Small Patrol Vessel “Albufeira” (1968 /69) Small Surveying Ship “Cruzeiro Sul” (1969/1970) Patrol Ship “Zaire” (1974) Minesweapper “Horta” (1975) Corvette “Baptista de Andrade” (1980/81) Frigatte “Vasco da Gama” (1991/92) - years at Surveying ships (Portugal cost and Mozambique) - years at Navy Personal Administration (1976/80) - Cabinet Assistant of National Defence Minister (1984-1989) •NATIONAL DEFENCE COURSE -1988 •CHIEF of STAFF at CULTURE SECRETARY (1993-1994) •“FISHING AND MERCHANT MARINE SCHOOL” DIRECTOR (1995-1996) •"EXPO 98"- Director of the Operational Control Centre (1997-1998) •“CONFORNAULUSA” – Partner and CEO (1998 - ….) • “MARITIME MAGAZINE” – Maritime Security Chronicle Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 NEED FOR SAFETY AT SEA The Sea covers about two-thirds of the planet and is: A huge source of resources (food, energy, raw materials and even drinking water) A privileged route for the transfer of goods An important way for power projection And today, where about 97% of radio and digital communications are moving, through submarine cables   Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 THE SEA VALUE •The trading growth •The shortage of some products inland •Technological advances in research and exploration •Much more people living near the coast •The large extent of continental platforms of some countries Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 Maritime Trade - More than 6.500 mi Ton - More than 100 mi of containers - +/- 9.000 bi dol 60% Dry Loads 20% - Coal / Iron / Cereals 40% - General Load/Containers / Ro-Ro 35% Oil and Derivates 5% Passengers and other Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 SHIPPING ROUTES Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 10 MSI – Maritime Safety Information INFORMAÇÃO DE SEGURANầA MARTIMA ã Information needed for sailors for safe navigation • Common procedures in the collection, promulgation and distribution of information • Coordinated internationally and transmitted in the form of:  ANAV - Navigation Notices  Weather Information Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 53 SERVIÇO MUNDIAL DOS AVISOS NAVEGAầO WWNWS - World Wide Navigational Warning Service ã Collaboration between OHI and IMO to improve navigation safety standards by dissecting navigational hazard information • OHI publication serves as a guide and is an explanation of WWNWS for the promulgation of NAVAREA and coastal warnings • The Hydrographic Institute, through the "Manual of Warnings to Navigation and Warnings to Navigators", provides information on the organization of this Service in Portugal Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 54 NAVAREA LIMITS Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 55 GPS / DGPS GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM • It's a satellite radio positioning system • Limitations: • GPS receivers – accuracy between 13 and 36m / wrong information up to h without warning users / the signal may be unintentionally interfered / is vulnerable to jamming • DGPS receivers – accuracy better than 1m in the vicinity of the station / guarantee of good integrity warning of dysfunctions or failures of satellites / the signal may be interfered unintentionally / is vulnerable to jamming • Uses geodesic reference system - DATUM - Geoid WGS-84 Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 56 VTS VESSEL TRAFFIC SYSTEM  Set of radars and communications that can control and monitor navigation  Coastal VTS up to about 50 miles from the coast  Port VTS within the area of each port Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 57 PORTUGUESE COASTAL VTS Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 58 AIS – Automatic Identification System • Equipment installed on board that transmits in VHF, automatically, information about the ship (position, direction and speed, identification, etc.) • Information can be:  received by other ships and on land  shown in screens giving picture of the situation • Mandatory permanent operation, since 2004:  on cargo ships exceeding 300tons  all passenger ships Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 59 Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 60 GMDSS – Global Maritime Distress and Safety System WORLD SYSTEM OF MARITIME AID AND SAFETY  In 1988, amendments to SOLAS concerning GMDSS were adopted Effective 1Fev92  Combination of satellite communications services and ground stations, using automatic systems to make emergency situations known  Mandatory :  Cargo with more than 300ton  Passengers (international travel) (more than 12)  Passengers (domestic travel) over 100Ton Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 61 Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 62 PORT STATE - FLAG STATE  Responsibility of Port and the State to enforce on ships registered in the respective Port and flying the flag of the State the provisions entered in the Conventions:  MARPOL 73/78  SOLAS  STCW  COLREG 72  LL 66 (Line Loads)  UNCLOSS 82 Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 63 PORT STATE CONTROL • Ship inspection capability when in port • 1978- Memorandum The Hague aimed at verifying working conditions on board • With the accident "Amoco Cadiz" extended the check to the conditions of "safety" and polluting • To achieve this goal in 1982 it is signed the Memorandum of Understanding (Paris MoU) establishing port state control (reaction to the failures of the State Flag namely in flags of convenience) • Other regional MoU strains were signed Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 64 Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 65 Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 66 Temes de Oliveira Faculdade Direito 26Out2020 67 ... capacity and capabilities of states in areas of strategic maritime importance •Objective 3: To protect the UK and the Overseas Territories, their citizens and economies by supporting the safety and. .. regionally and internationally •Objective 5: To protect the resources and population of the UK and the Overseas Territories from illegal and dangerous activity, including serious organised crime and. .. with the ratification of its Charter by the five permanent members of the Security Council (France, Republic of China, Soviet Union, United Kingdom and the United States) and by the majority of the