INTRODUCTION 1. Urgency of the subject In our country the appearance of a market economy has created opportunities for many companies. However, it also forces companies to want to develop stably in the market. In order to manage production and business, it is necessary to make maximum efforts. In this new trend, companies must mobilize on their own, must operate on their own production and business on the principle of revenue and expenditure and profitable business but not subsidies of the State as before. From there, the top target of the company is increasing profits within the prescribed legal framework. In the production process, three factors can not be shortage is living labor, private production materials and labor subjects. In three factor, living labour plays the most important role. Because without workers it is impossible make material wealth, want a product whether its a physical product or a production intellectual property is in addition to the cost of materials, the cost of fixed assets ... The company must also take into account labor costs (living costs). Expenses this fee is not small in the price of the product, it is also directly determined quality products. Because the employee is the one who directly decides to the quality of the companys products, which the company operates effectively whether or not there is competition in the market or not, it needs to be created the products are of good quality. For employees, salaries have an extremely important meaning because it is the main source of income to help them ensure their own life and family. Therefore salaries are the driving force for employees to pay attention labor time, labor productivity if they are paid according to the labor force they spend. On the contrary, it can also reduce labor productivity the production process slows down, ineffective if the salaries they receive not worth the labor they spend. On the whole economy, salaries are more specific of the process distribution of material wealth made by workers. Therefore, the construction of the salary scale, payroll, select the appropriate form of payment so that salary is the income for the employee to work better and be responsible more tasks than real work is needed. Recognizing that urgency, and passing time through practical research at Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company , continued I was exposed to the accounting work at my company that saw the importance of accounting salary and salary compensations should have been deeply studied and selected the theme for his graduation thesis is: “Completing salary and accounting salary compensations at onemember limited liability company for project exploitation Nhat Minh irrigation work
I assure you that this is my research The data, the result and the research results stated in the thesis are honest and come from the real situation fact of the internship unit and has never been used in any thesis Student Lê Chung Khánh Linh ACADEMY OF FINANCE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 🙣🙣🙣 INTERNSHIP REPORT MENTOR INFORMATION Full name: Nguyễn Thị Hồng Vân Department: Accounting Department STUDENT INFORMATION Full name: Lê Chung Khánh Linh Class: CQ54/21.04 Phone number/email address: 0386476600 lechungkhanhlinhtoeic@gmail.com LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS STT Explanation Acronym FS Financial statements BS Balance sheet or statement of financial position P&L Profit and loss statement UI Unemployment insurance SI Social insurance HI Health Insurance BD Business Department OD Office Department FM The finance ministry PAT Profit after tax PBT Profit before tax 10 Acc Account Note TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Urgency of the subject In our country the appearance of a market economy has created opportunities for many companies However, it also forces companies to want to develop stably in the market In order to manage production and business, it is necessary to make maximum efforts In this new trend, companies must mobilize on their own, must operate on their own production and business on the principle of revenue and expenditure and profitable business but not subsidies of the State as before From there, the top target of the company is increasing profits within the prescribed legal framework In the production process, three factors can not be shortage is living labor, private production materials and labor subjects In three factor, living labour plays the most important role Because without workers it is impossible make material wealth, want a product whether it's a physical product or a production intellectual property is in addition to the cost of materials, the cost of fixed assets The company must also take into account labor costs (living costs) Expenses this fee is not small in the price of the product, it is also directly determined quality products Because the employee is the one who directly decides to the quality of the company's products, which the company operates effectively whether or not there is competition in the market or not, it needs to be created the products are of good quality For employees, wages have an extremely important meaning because it is the main source of income to help them ensure their own life and family Therefore wages are the driving force for employees to pay attention labor time, labor productivity if they are paid according to the labor force they spend On the contrary, it can also reduce labor productivity the production process slows down, ineffective if the wages they receive not worth the labor they spend On the whole economy, wages are more specific of the process distribution of material wealth made by workers Therefore, the construction of the wage scale, payroll, select the appropriate form of payment so that salary is the income for the employee to work better and be responsible more tasks than real work is needed Recognizing that urgency, and passing time through practical research at Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company , continued I was exposed to the accounting work at my company that saw the importance of accounting salary and salary deductions should have been deeply studied and selected the theme for his graduation thesis is: “Completing wage and accounting salary deductions at one-member limited liability company for project exploitation Nhat Minh irrigation work " Object and research purpose - Subject of research is: Salary and accounting Salary deductions of trade companies, which go into depth form of salaries and salaries deducted from one member limited liability company exploitation of Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company - Research purpose of the topic: + Present systematically and clarify the theoretical issues The table applies to salary accounting and salary deductions at public places ty in general + Study on the current situation of wage accounting and salary deductions at Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company + Based on theoretical and practical surveys at the Company to propose these Proposals to improve salary accounting and salary deductions Research scope - Salary accounting research project and current salary deductions at Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company Time was selected the research topic is January 2019 and 2018 figures Research methodology My research topic is based on the method of problem analysis theoretical and practical problems in a scientific and logical way, combining interpretation and interpretation inductive, between words and tables, preliminary illustration The structure of theory Note chapters: Chapter 1: General theory of accounting for salary and salary compensation in business Chapter 2: Accounting for salary and salary compensation at Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company Chapter 3: Improvement to accounting for salary and salary compensation at Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company Due to the short internship at the Company, awareness of reality is limited so my thesis cannot avoid defects I look forward to it get input from teachers and siblings in Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company My essay is more complete Finally, I would like to sincerely thank the Department of Planning and Finance, Management board and other functional departments in Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company exploited Nhat Minh project was enthusiastically helpful, providing necessary data to help me complete this thesis I would like to thank the teachers of the Accounting Department Special Academy of Finance is the teacher: MSc Nguyen Thi Hong Van was dedicated to guide and help me complete this thesis Thank you sincerely! Student Lê Chung Khánh Linh CHAPTER 1:GENERAL THEOPRY OF ACCOUNTING FOR SALARY AND SALARY COMPENSATION IN BUSINESS 1.1 Overview of salary and salary compensation 1.1.1 Labor concept, salary and salary compensation * Labor: is the consumption of labor force in reality Labor is purposeful, conscious operation of people to create products for the needs of social life Labor is the most special activity human creative activity * Employees are those who work for wages and labor or the mind that makes physical or mental products for others * Salary: labor cost is formed by agreement between employee and employer are in accordance with the relations and regulations laws in a market economy In Vietnam during the period of central planning, wages are understood as a part of national income is used to offset the inevitable labor costs due to the House water distributed to officials and employees in the form of currency, in accordance with regulations labor distribution law Currently under Article 55 - Vietnam Labor Code Regulations on wages of employees are agreed by the two parties in the labor contract and paid for by labor productivity, quality and efficiency Wages are part of the social product represented by paid money for employees based on the number and quality of workers of all users to offset labor costs of all users to offset labor costs this is a practical issue for employees properly regulated, is the strong stimulus of production, it stimulates like workers who strive to produce and work, improve skills and reform advanced techniques to improve labor productivity Laborers after using their labor create products pay a certain amount of wages In terms of phenomena, we see the labor force brought trade for wages So it can be considered labor is a commodity special chemistry And wages are the prices of those special goods, the goods labor force Because goods of labor need to be traded in the market labor based on agreement between buyer and seller, is subject to impact of the law of value, the law of supply and demand Hence labor prices will vary According to the prices of the constituent factors as well as the supply-demand relation of labor, when salary are considered the value of labor, this price will form on basis of agreement between the employee and the employer Price labor dynamic or remuneration may increase or decrease depending on the supply and demand of goods labor So wages often fluctuate but it must rotate around the value of labor as well as other common goods, it requires objectively ask for its correctness and validity Price on the other hand how wages fluctuate must ensure a minimum standard of living the employee can stay and continue working Salary deductions include: Social Insurance, Health Insurance, Trade union funds, unemployment insurance Social insurance: Under the current regime, fund B X is formed by appropriation The rate of 25.5% of the total wage must be paid to employees in each period math, where: Employers must bear 17.5% of the total wage and salary included in operating expenses The employee must bear 8% of the total salary by deduction into their salaries Health Insurance: - Health Insurance is a fund used to pay employees who contribute to the fund in medical examination and treatment activities, formed by prorating 4.5% of the total wage payable to employees, of which: Employers must bear 3% and be included in production costs business Form 5: Detailed book of account 334 Presentation of salary accounting information on financial statements Data to be filled in this criterion base on credit balance of Account 334 “Payable Employees ”in the reporting period on Ledger account 334 are recorded in the Payables to employees (Code 314) The data to be inscribed in this index shall be based on the Credit balance of Account: Account 338 in the reporting period on the Ledger and detail book tk 338 shall be recorded in the target of Short-term payables Other (Code 319) Table 12: Salary accounting information on financial statements C- Payables I- Code Declaration Ending Openning Numb Numb er er Short – term Payables Employee Payables 314 172.377.329 Other short – term payables 319 51.690.978 2.3 Review the status of salary accounting and salary deductions at Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company About the management accounting system at Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company The accounting apparatus of the accounting organization has been meeting the needs of the company during its operation and development It is more obvious that the accounting apparatus has an appropriate assignment and assignment, suitable to the qualifications of accountants With experienced staff, computer proficiency and the division heads, especially the accounting department with high education, are responsible for the job So that the system of vouchers used is suitable to the requirements and is the legal basis of arising economic operations The company has clear regulations in the application and circulation of documents to minimize errors in the application process It is the fact that the process of making and circulating documents is safe as well as ensuring the safety as well as ensuring the delegation of approval is clear With the double - check of term, the regular vouchers are checked and supervised by the accountant Unified account system to meet current accounting needs, helping the company to monitor the specific financial situation In Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company, the application of accounting book system in the form of general diary combined with the use of Misa.NET accounting software helps minimize accounting work; speed up information processing, reporting; easily detect errors during processing From the characteristics of each accountant with its own tasks and functions, only access and operation in his module has helped enhance control and data security Salary accounting at the company The way of accounting salaries, social insurance, health insurance, trade union always comply with the provisions of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the regime of salaries as allowances for employees dynamic The accountant has fully applied the regulations of the form issued by the Ministry of Finance and the Company's own regulations, well implemented the provisions of the accounting regime issued under Circular 200/2014 / BTC Accounting system - the Ministry of Finance's enterprise on wage accounting The Company has equipped computers, printers and copiers for all departments in Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company The computer system is connected to the Internet and LAN, convenient for Dots, information smoothly and quickly The company uses capital effectively, there is not too much state debt, but the workers' capital appropriation is equal to Organizing the labor rearrangement to suit the content of technology process work to take full advantage of labor capacity and wage distribution according to the efficiency of labor contribution Salary accounting and salary deductions have basically been completed The determination of wage accounting and wage deductions is each job, each project, work item and number of working days Employees in the Company have done The limitations and causes of salary accounting at the company About the corporate accounting apparatus, the organization of work still has many contradictions and is not suitable with the competence level of each accountant And then each accountant must update the data and not know the process of updating the data in other operating parts, so it is generally invisible to affect general process of the company International language and computer skills of accountant are not really fluently and professional so that accounting software improved and upgraded to the new version is a barrier About salary accounting at the company, Because the company's timekeeping system is still manual, it is not really accurate, it still depends mainly on the human factor, making the timekeeping process become haggard, not really neat light Because the Company only uses excel software, the workload is a lot, sometimes the calculation formula when copying from one place to another can deviate lines: giving inaccurate reports, not reporting Take off promptly The next drawback is that in Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company, the case of salary and salary ranks combined with working time for jobs that not require high technology Therefore, leading to the loss of labor, which means that the salary paid to the employees, does not reflect the nature and extent of work that the employees spend to ensure saving labor costs, increasing production and business efficiency and spending The salary is paid according to the intellectual position and strength of the laborers, in addition to the organization of labor and organization Service, strengthening, inspecting and controlling the Company should apply the salary method according to the working time in combination with the score First of all, it is bonus regime Bonuses mean a lot to workers If using appropriate remuneration, it will be an effective tool to help the Company encourage employees to develop their full potential and be creative in their work, increasing the efficiency of production business At the Company, the bonus has not been fully exploited There are two forms of bonus: regular and periodic bonuses, but the Company only regular bonuses should not be used for regular rewards - Number 4: Vouchers and books for accounting At the end of each month, the accountant prepares a salary distribution table and social insurance But on that table, the accountant only records column "minus social insurance" and the total column So looking at the table will not know wages, allowances, the other expenses, trade union fees, social insurance, and health insurance in the quarter much This makes it difficult to check and compare data and the calculation and distribution of these amounts for related users will be very complicated and inconvenient CHAPTER 3: PERFECT SOLUTIONS OF ACCOUNTING WORK STATE AT NHAT MINH BUSINESS MANAGEMENT CONSULTANT LTD.CO In the current growing economic situation, the development of accounting, especially accounting of salary and salary compensations are not only salary, bonuses but also salary allowances, but also the rights of employees, which is a condition for them to feel secure in their work So I would like to have some comments and suggestions to further improve this work of the company 3.1 The need to improve salary accounting in the company Salary is a very important and complex economic category, it has an interaction with the factors: economy, politics - society of each country in each period In the process of transition from subsidy mechanism to business autonomy, enterprises shall conduct accounting by themselves, get revenues and expenditures and must ensure profits and the State does not compensate for losses The purpose of wage accounting is to ensure salaries for employees, creating material and spiritual interest in the results of their labor In order to this, businesses must always improve wages, because any form of wages has certain limitations and these limitations are only revealed after the implementation time so it depends on the type of business, the business characteristics that result in the application of appropriate wages The ultimate goal of wages is to accurately reflect the results of labor and outcomes business results, ensuring fairness and ensuring the growth rate of wages However, in order to meet these requirements, the first step in determining wage fund must be scientific Distributing reasonable wage fund is hard work, between managerial labor and direct labor, among employees in the same department , each individual will ensure fairness and encourage workers The use of wages requires flexibility, how not to violate the law with high efficiency On the other hand, a method, a form of compensation is only suitable for a certain object So the methods need that it is applied scientifically and accurately, but it also needs to be flexible and with appropriate adjustments depending on each condition to increase business efficiency, thus contributing to saving wages and reducing product costs Salary and salary deductions are one of the major and fairly large expenditures in many businesses related to business costs and as the price of the product Therefore, the completion of it brings efficiency to business production Labor is the most important factor in the production and business process along with other factors to create products and services for the market Currently, the main goal of businesses is to seek profit, the specific issue that businesses are concerned about is how to lower production costs, reduce wage costs is one of the three factors to lower cost product Salary paid by enterprises to employees is based on the law of supply and demand, the price of labor market and the current laws of the State So businesses cannot keep paying low wages for employee is okay Labor market is a complex labor market, requiring people, the manager must know how to choose the reasonable wage for employees to ensure good production process Salary is a major source of income to ensure stability and improve the lives of workers For employees, salaries are the main motive for them to decide to work for businesses Salary is the main economic benefit of workers The higher the needs of life, the more economic benefits of money The larger the wage, the more the workers decide to work for the business, and at the same time determine their benefits But it is not nominal wages but real wages As we know in any labor contract, even though initially the agreed wage is the nominal wage, the employee also calculates his actual wage If there is a price collapse, the employee and the employer must negotiate to get a reasonable realistic wage Because of the wages the employee receives to buy birth materials activities, essential services for their daily life and their families Salary is a means for employees to ensure their daily necessities and, above all, spiritual needs And anyone desires to pay a high or at least satisfactory wage to the labor they spend Salary workers who are perceived to be satisfactory will be the motivation to stimulate their creativity to create a community of workers with the goals and profits of the business The opposite is true if the employer pays no rational or purely for-profit purposes does not pay attention to people's interests labor force, that human resource will be exhausted, reduce quality, limit the motivation for labor supply 3.2 Requirements and principles of finalizing eel accounting at the company 3.2.1 Requirements of completing salary accounting and deductions Salary at Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company The completion of the salary scheme requires the following basic requirements: - Comment 1: Completion must conform to economic and financial policies, current accounting regime and taking into account future development directions The accounting staff of the enterprise must be highly qualified, knowledgeable about laws, financial management mechanisms on jobs, accounting practice, especially salary and salary compensations It is necessary to complete the initial accounting stage for the purpose of checking the legality and legality of vouchers At the same time, finishing measures must follow the general principles and rules of accounting standards issued by the Ministry of Finance, uniformly applied throughout the country and industry-wide - Comment 2: Salary accounting must ensure efficiency, savings, and income for employees, while ensuring cost savings for enterprise Every business when entering into production and business activities all must consider the number of labor, the quality of labor because the human resources of the enterprise are limited, if not effectively used karma will be in trouble On the other hand, the competitive environment is increasingly demanding ask businesses to constantly improve the efficiency and economy - Comment 3: The completion must be suitable to the characteristics of production and business and management requirements of the business Based on the characteristics of production and business and technological processes of construction and accounting enterprises appropriately apply the account system, based on the accounting account system, the State accounting rules, scale of characteristics of the construction process, management requirements to select the appropriate accounting form - Comment 4: Completion must ensure the feasibility and effectiveness Therefore, when applied in practice, these additions must be implemented, not causing much disturbance in the general accounting system, as well as production cost accounting, business and costing of construction products Must be compatible with the way of thinking and is accepted by everyone 3.2.2 Principle of finalizing salary and salary compensations at Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company Completing the accounting of salary and salary compensations must comply with the provisions of the labor code, salary policies and regimes promulgated by the State Completing the accounting of wages must ensure proper implementation of the accounting regime current and does not break the uniformity of accounting regime 3.3 Some ideas to improve the organization of salary accounting in the company First of all, improve the company's apparatus, improve accounting efficiency, calculate salary costs at Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company From my perspective, improve the management apparatus at the company, most from the company to the parts In addition, enhancing the professional qualifications of each accountant, accounting software, to improve the accounting capacity of the accountants, and improve the accounting skills on the accounting software, helping the apparatus corporate accounting, homogeneous, compact, effective cost Moreover, the accountants should agree on the part of work they will perform show, avoid duplication, or omit business Improve the foreign language skills and informatics skills for each accountant, so that accountants can have easier access to international accounting policies and regimes, and give suitable advice to managers enterprise The next comment may give to solve is that completing policies and regulations on labor, salary, improving the efficiency of salary accounting Because the company's timekeeping system is still manual, businesses can consider automatic timekeeping to minimize time spent on accounting, and help accountants calculate the correct labor for each worker Additionally, the company may consider to arrange more accounting staff, especially accountants at the construction teams, when the company has a work item to be constructed to capture accounting transactions at the same time Ensure correct on time Therefore, the accounting of the Company can only ensure quality And then, set up a reward system (in kind, money or a certificate of merit) for the children of officials and employees with high academic achievements Since then, students who have high achievements in all grades and after completing vocational training will graduate from the company arrange suitable jobs to feel secure for employees in the company, shown the interest of the company Accounting in company needs to make a detailed table of payment of social insurance, health insurance and unemployment insurance, Union Funds for easy tracking, avoid confusion, for departments I would like to mentioned that salary accountant at Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company should open more detailed accounts for salary and salary compensation From my side, it is an optimal method to control the payables and receivable of workers which is useful and convenient in comparing among individual and among department at the same time or at the same volume Moreover, with this way it is very effect to review the upgrade of productivity and performance in all the company in the background researching Last but not least, this present, in Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company, accounting software is offline – MISA.NET It is more flexible for accountant to use online version With many applicable uses, accountant can work everywhere and every time to increase their productivity and their performance Moreover, many accounting reports upgraded is an advantage to accounting system, especially salary accounting system to boost their accuracy and their sercurity 3.4 Conditions for implementing salary accounting finishing solutions at the company On the Company's side, to be well - implemented the complete solutions on the Company, it is necessary to monitor the changes of legal documents on accounting to make appropriate changes more active in getting out decision Organizing the training and recruitment of good personnel, consider the possibility exam and try some of the solutions mentioned above Should invest more in better technical facilities for the accounting department to apply the Accounting software into the accounting work more effectively From the State side: The State must base on the legal documents to decide and guide the implementation of economic organizations First of all the system of legal regulations, the system of documents must be drafted and issued in a uniform, timely, simple, understandable manner and especially in accordance with actual conditions of enterprises At present, enterprises can follow the guidance of the Government In addition, businesses also expect the assistance from the State to enable businesses to be assured of their business operations and implement the State's regulations in presenting financial information The State should create equality and equality among businesses in implementing the policies that they have issued Besides, it is necessary to create a clear policy for businesses to fulfill their obligations to the State In parallel with that, the State must also have a policy of strict inspection and management of those subjects CONCLUSION After an internship at NHAT MINH BUSINESS MANAGEMENT CONSULTANT LTD.CO, which was studied and found out the actual accounting work at the Company, I got an overview of the organization status an accounting system of a company, the jobs and operations that need to be done by an accountant to better understand the theory learned while still in school and apply it in practice how Through that, it is also found that the completion of accounting is especially important, because in the market economy conditions, accounting is a management tool to help the company achieve economic efficiency It is essential for a good accounting system to work in any condition that is the qualification of accountants, in addition to the ability to flexibly apply accounting regulations to special requirements enemy of the unit, contributing to improving the quality of accounting I generalized the business situation of the Company as well as understood the organizational structure and accounting method of the Company The internship report I tried but due to the unavoidable limited experience, I hope to receive the comments of the teachers and officials of the Company I sincerely thank MSc Nguyễn Thị Hồng Vân and colleges in the Finance and Accounting Department of NHAT MINH BUSINESS MANAGEMENT CONSULTANT LTD.CO helped me Thank you sincerely! Student Lê Chung Khánh Linh NHẬN XÉT CỦA ĐƠN VỊ THỰC TẬP Họ tên người nhận xét:……………………………………………… Chức vụ:…………………………………………………………………… Nhận xét trình thực tập tốt nghiệp Sinh viên :……………………… Khóa :………………… Lớp CQ : ……………………… Nội dung nhận xét: Về tinh thần thái độ thực tập sinh viên ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… Về ý thức kỷ luật, tuân thủ quy định đơn vị thực tập ………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……… ………………………………………………………………………………… Về kỹ giao tiếp, kỹ mềm ………………………………………………………………………… …… ……………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… Về kiến thức chuyên môn …………………………………………………………………………… … ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… Ngày… Tháng … Năm…… Người nhận xét (Kí ghi rõ họ tên) ... and accounting salary deductions at one-member limited liability company for project exploitation Nhat Minh irrigation work " Object and research purpose - Subject of research is: Salary and accounting. .. compensation in business Chapter 2: Accounting for salary and salary compensation at Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company Chapter 3: Improvement to accounting for salary. .. CONSULTANT LIMITED COMPANY 1.1 General information about Nhat Minh Business Management Consultant Limited Liability Company 1.1.1The information of internship company : Company name: NHAT MINH BUSINESS