New matrix intermediate SB

VnitB Sentence structure Where when We can use where and when in defining and non-defining relative clauses instead of thatlwho/which/whose fining relative clauses ng relative clauses give us essential information about a _In or Ihing They tell us which person or thing is being erred to We use where to talk about places This is the street when! Sally lives We use when to talk about times July is the month when I usually go on holiday ''''at or who for a person - at is the man thot/who I was telling you about ~he students that/who speak German Ofe going 10 Berlin _ "/lat or which for a thing - IS is the holiday that/which interests me most mg is 5port that/which be dangerous "hose when we want to talk about possession That is the film star whose performance hos just won on Oscor QndOIl is a city whose popula/lon is over million Unit First and second conditional The first conditional Form I If + pr~nl -+ It's sunny tomorrow you feel ill, If If re will (or a modal) -+ we'll you should I I infiniliv~ Ilave a picnic see a doctor can leave out chot/who/which when it is the object of the U 'I\e clause We use the first conditional to talk about something which mayor may not happen in the future CDr that/which) I'm buying is the latest model If I get good marks in the aom, I'll go out and celebrate on-defining relative clauses If you pass your driving test, Imight buy you second·hond cor 'l-defining relative clauses give us extra information about I'lerson or thing It is necessary to put commas at the eo; nning and end of a non-defining relative clause use: ,~ho "Watch out! In conversation and informal writing, we use the short form of wifl (unless we are asking a question) I'll go alld see Pom tomorrow Sa", won't be bad lI11til lole for a person The studenl5, who speak German, ore going to Berlin, nhich for a thing (QVlIlg, which is one of my favourite sports, be dangerous •\hose when we want 10 talk about possession BIrmingham, whose population i5 about one million, is the 'i«ond biggest city in England "Watch out? , We cannot use that in a non-defining relative clause We cannot leave out which/who/whose in a nondefining relative clause ~ Expressing result and purpose euse: so that., to describe purpose (atherine worked hard so that she could get enough money to cravel abroad (in order to get enough money) _ so that to describe result (otherme worked so hard that she earned enough money to rrawl round the world (beouse she worked so hard, she earned enough money) The second conditional Form I1 + If If past-+ would -+ infinitive she had more money, she would buy a bigger house you saw a ghost, be scared you'd Use We use the second conditional: to talk about something which isn't happening or is very unlikely to happen in the future If I won the lottery, I'd give up my job (I don't think I'll win the lottery) If J hod a lot of money I'd buy a new cor ~ haven't got a lot of money) to give advice If I were!wa5 you, I'd give up my job anyway! Unit 70 Reported speech Wishes We use wish + the past tense lor wishes about a situation we want to be different I wish I didn't hove brown hair (I have brown hair) jon wishes he spoke Chinese (He doesn't speak Chinese) We use wish + would + infinitive for wishes to change something or someone's behaviour because it causes irritation, annoyance or frustration Reported statements When we change direct speech to reported speech we usually change the pronoun, the verb tense anu punctuation " think fast food is great.' sa "W'atch out Y We often use the short form 'd instead of the fulllorm ElIa said (that) she Bob said (thal) We use prefer + infinitive, -ing or a noun to talk about general preferences She prefers to reod rather than wotch teln'ision I prefer dancing 10 playing sport We prefer footballlO basketball Although, despite, in spite of We use all these expressions to mean 'even if this is the case' Form although + clause I went to Fiona's party although I didn't really wont to despite/in spite of + noun or -ing, I went out for a long walk, despitdin spite of the rain Despite/in spite of being tired, we dedded 10 finish the project that evening loved sweets When the reporting verb is in the past tense, we chan,,'" verbs in the direct speech to a tense further back in t e Would rather, would prefer to, prefer We use would rather + infinitive and would prefer to + infinitive 10 talk aboul specific preferences his sister Changes in verb tenses , I'd prefer to go to the cinema tonigh/ We'tl rather stay 01 home We've been very busy recently , I We can use I, he, she was or were after if In the second I wish J could go on hofiday We wish wc could go oul more often t thoughi fast food was great we leave oul any unnecessary words and check n _ agreements 'Well, my sisler loves sweets: Bob would conditional When we express wishes we never say 11 We wish /1 we would We use could I t / wish Peter wouldn't leave the top off the toolhposte / wish it would stop raining Present simple -Jo past simple 'I'm amazed the food is so good: Maria said Moria said (that) she was amazed Ihe food was sa g< Present continuous - past continuous 'I'm studying geology: Siman said 5imon said (that) he was studying geology Present perfect -Jo past perfect 'We have been to the theatre: Ihe students said The studen15 'j(Jid (thot) they hod been to th, rhtotrt Past simple - past perfect 'I gave you the homework on Tuesday: the teacher reminded the class The teocher reminded Ihe class (that) she had given I homework an Tuesday Other changes in reported speech We change words which have an immediate cann with the present now today yesterday tomorrow this I these here ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ then that day the day before I previous the day after I the follo\\lr~ that I those there We also change present modals can will may shall could would might should ,'Speaking activities \e not change past modals could/might give you a lilt home,' Tom said -Jm said he could I might give me a lift home IUnit Listening and speaking page 11 n Role play parted requests, orders or commands use the verb asked and an indirect object + the "finitive with to when we report polite orders or ommands, ~t: Please sit down: the manager said to us ~1Jt' manager asked us to sit down M use the verb told and an indired object + the infinitive l\llh to when we report an order or a command j nformatioo for Student B: The Graod Hotel is looking for WaiterslWaitresses and cleaners for the summer months For all jobs no experience is needed but would be useful However, the staff have to be hard workers, cheerful and polite The basic pay is ~:s.oo an hour plus tips '5tt down and be quiet: the father said to his children There is a basic 40 hour·week plus the opportunity of overtime -'It' father Staff work five and a half days a week on a shift system told his children to sit down and be quiet ,'.e use the verb asked or told and an indirect object + not - [he infinitive with to in a negative order or a command Don't sit on the wall,' the teacher said to us - e teacher told us not to sit on the wall There is a choice of three shifts a.m p.m.; 12 nooo to B p,m.; or p.m to midnight There is a 45-minute break for lunch Staff have ooe weekend off a month, but days off are usually during the week They are looking for people to start by 15 June parted questions \\"'en we change a direct question into a reported ~uestion we change the pronoun the verb tense and the ord order ;.jow often you go to the cinema?' Anya asked Mike .0 asked Mike how often he went to the cinema • there is no question word, we need to add If or whether " complete the sentence 43\e you ever been to Paris?' Mike asked Anya *e asked Anya if/whether she had ever been to Paris '15 Role play lllformation for Student B: You need to find out the details of the crime Ask about: place the bike was left time of day the bike was left the appearance of the bike how the bike was locked (to what) llJnit Listening and speaking page 89 f1Jorting verbs "e are (Unit Listening and speaking page 23 ma ny reporti ng verbs in English Here are some of Role play I nformation for Student B: • admit· agree' answer' ask, confess' explain • e it) clear' order' promise' reply' tell' want to know Ofl ID say • recommend, offer' suggest The Reading pen helps students learn English It allows them to read texts without using a dictionary and build up their vocabulary Students simply scan the word they don't know with the pen ~lJ1d use the keypad to choose the function they want est, recommend - report suggestions we use either: b Students can: hear the pronunciation of the words suggest + that + objed + present simple sl/ggest that jufia works with rim hear how the word is spelled suggest + ·ing She suggested starting the project as soon as possible keep a record of the words they have scanned report recommendations we use either: recommend + that + object + present simple lIt' are recommending that you take the exam again recommend + object (+ to + someone) The book club recommends a new book (to us) every week hear and read the definition of the word The pen holds 200,000 definitions It costs $100.00 Wordlist Note; oeliOllIOO'i taken from the OXford WordllOWtr O,(llOl1iryCl Ollford 2OlIO ISBN 978 19 -4399.2.( I (third ednionl Un~ty Prts~ Unit Int~wft" Nouns ~bilil)' 'b,lati/ [pI tl~J the menl~1 or physic;J1 power Of skill that make/ to lilke COl1trot 01 a ((IlInl!\ oty and It! ptOpIe bv force, tWtCliIlly in a ;t.0 ~t !k~ 'ot»t/ thfo nor~I ' talher cOfllhllonS 01 iI partICular rtIIOn cOIrftkt knnnlkll a fighl or an ilrgufllef1t coltCh pol:lto rkaU1! p;,ten.lUJ fp/ clJU(h pota l a pe~ who spends a 101 of tune Sllllng and watching television councll/'kaunsl/ a group of people wh!J are eiecled to govern an area ,uch as a lown or counly (rop Ikmp/ all the grain, frUIt, elc of one type Ihat a farmer grows ill one lime crop of apples desctndilnt Id,'sendantl a person who belongs to lhe same famity as sb wtJo lived a IonglJrne ago eIllplre 'empat~ iI group 01 counlrles lhall'l govnned by one ollmlry bt Iffl:-lllhe subslance contaln,ng oollhal we obtam from alllmals, plants or Soe'eds ilnd use for cooking hetpt !halV lhe measurenterltlrom lhe botlom to lhe lOp of a person or lhlng helmet thelmlt/ a type 01 hard halthal you wear to protecl your head the !lUlUW ~e l,bJu:m~ 'rers! all the ~ the world thoughl of as groop h.llter-plhenor f.h.\nla g~ a ff1tI"" group of people who not Irve 11\ one DO rJlOV1! around and live by huntmgand ~ elMg food that grows Wild In'fentlon Im'\'enIn! a Ihll1g th~t has been designed by Ib for the first time verb journey /'d;p:ni! the ad 01 tlavellmg from to another, usually on land rhe Journn lakes mt lorly minutes 1_ junk d;;.",,)k fu:dI food that 1'1 Ill)( \ for you but lhatl'l ready 10 eat or quid t 1i'fi"lrh\llJ)1 money to buy Ih,ngs thal \OU hie wlIor you po lIVIng? JIIiInklnlll rn:rn'kamd alllhe people III mOflilrchy fmon"h the system 01 per rule by Oil kmg Of queen mllseum mju'zbml bUlldmg where COl v~luable and Interesting oblects are ~ePI shown to the public nutrItion /nju'mInf lhe food tllat you eat way lhal It affeclS your health oulfit l'autf,U a sel 01 clolhes that art' 1\ for a partICular OlgS/Ol1 or purpose ,,"rlia_nl po:I3Ul;,nL lhe group of peop/II' ate eIel:ted 10 male the Laws of a COUIlln ,roteln 'Pr.lUti:n/ a substance loond in ~ as meal, fish, ~ and beans 111'1 ,mporl7 helpmg people and an,~1s 10 grow and healthy shield ffi:ldI (m past lime.) a Iarse Plec~ 0' wood that ~Idlers CdrJlt • aboutlhe p1act) of the polace Irip Impl a Journey 10 a place and b.Jck a for pleasur~ or for a partl(ular purpo>e to busmeulshopping trip ¥oy:lll! /''':lIJdy a long Journey by sea or ,n wupon I'wCp;lnl an oblect which is used Iighlll1g or lor killing people, such as a 8" Verbs IIltftlop dl \-el;,pr 10 grow slowly 'OCreo!Y' change into Slh ~ pther 'gle&! to brong ~ny Ihmgs logt'! hvnt Iho\nllto run after Wild an,mals, etc c,l1ch or kllllhem ellher for sport or lor I reli'fe J,ri:'lIvl to remember sth and imal1 ~ IS happenmg again spre:od Ispred/lO affect a larger area a group of people; to make Slh this IUPPoll/S~fp:J:t/to provKle lood, tic nec:elove The erlflh (on't SUpporl more ptrJpk Phrasal Verbs lillIlhroup 10 fail or nol happen Ou, Irlp has folln! rhfOllg/t Vve u, '1llJdelnl 'th to Stop dOing Of h.r lhat you did or had "'iU1ar1y before 1'1'1' m(lny Im~ ro give up smokmg ,"' "('l fI(J( Rh lh.il yO\I pmm~ 10 ;,,)0l)0I1l1 ~ .1Il iO d~ on sblSlh to ordtr 10 llYe' o'f Junk food nh) to lhlnk a!lout sth In your paSl I 0/1 my childhood wllh fond memOfla Oil • ~ 'Cl! sth/dolnl slh) to ma~e sb not like "ant to ~tll: Tile occident/JIII me lor long time rfI ib!sth to suffer sb/stll unpleasant and '1 about hlm/he1!it to cause Slh to happen, 10 produce ~ TIlt' IKcitkm rnul/(d m Ioog ddoys " ed about an aIrcraft) to 1eiM!' tile ; >taft "),ng rM pIol'>/' look 0// on z y1or'd aboot an ldell, 11 product etC!IO c~M or popular very qUICkly Her loo},; off 0/1" fIN TV op~,onct fl I ID remove Slh ~Ially c1otha: nd lotl' roor COOl off Z to have lhe • me mentioned a~ a holiday: I'm 8Om8 rl>uko!l , to team or SlarllO SIll opetl/llly l.-c ft:tcntly toun uP)'OgO Z to!>lfll'kIn ~ feeling of haPPlr~ beGluse \'DU entw \'OUT JOb and lhml that )OlI1lrl' dOIng I1 well Itbart ·le;?It~ tome when you not hcwe to W(Jf\(; spare tune mUI production I.m"l's pf~·d., kfni produ(lng goods III I~rge Quantities, uS-!ng m~chl'1ery matlU "nuelJ! ~ sub)e(t or siluatlOn lhat y011 mll~t thillk ~boul and give YOUI ,ltlenlion 10: Con I IOU quntlOtlS Iot~ ,"pit skllIl pi:Jll $k1l1~ the abilily to commumcale WIth ot~ peopIt- well especially as part ot \'OI'Ir JOb pllnell'pla:mtl ol very large round obJed In S\Ji1(e that moves around Ihe sun or another star project I'proo3cktl a piece of work, often ll1volvlng many people lllt~le of being bigger lh~n before: Ihe , the orrocHI has ,ousnJ problems ~ ,pl;>/J3'! ~ dramatK: IlKfe~se in Slh '::tn.ut \'000 weeks a flse rn the oomber crutt Ikri'clI/ to cause sth new to happen or eXIst delpl!(h Id,'sp",tII 10 send SDlsth to a place Iilct Ifclsllo have 10 de~llI'llh Slh unple3Silnl~ I om /ac(d w,th difficull deCIsion "CMlrhhn,.nf to be ~rong Ilnd healthy, to develop to iI SO«tWul way: (he MMS3 aNllmutd to /100,'" ift(rt_ In kri:s/ 10 become or 10 make Slh liI-IgCf In number or amoont man4 nT,nd; 10 PbNh Teac/!ers will ntW?r be replaced by computers In the classroom JO.r /f,-J:J 10 nse very fasl soormg prius suft l$u:t1 to be appropnale or use1ullor sbJS1h Would rhundlTJ' 01 !UO SUII )'O/f Adjectives (o_ _ mal bm3:JL (onnected ""'llh buyml;lnd "':;lieve In and support: Thol ft/m sto, gIVes (} /01 0/ money 10 charities and other good couses chnte /110:115/ (of sth/of doillB Ilh: a POSSibility: I rhillk we stond (} good challct' of wimling charity /'tJlI:fillil (pI cha ritle~) an Grganisation that collem money to help pe'tr 1ISflI1" ~ ca iOrorly Adverbs enthus.ialrtiall., rm 9ju:zi ~lIkli \I,th a lot 01 outement and lOtl'fOl _01 11, ,"'enl$w1i1 in ~ md; finallv h.arlllty I ha:dlil used espt{ially altet and and before the main vefb to ~mphal.lse lhat' d,fliculllO ~"'tively'relX1\lilIO qUI1~ a lafit' dew~ ~ially \lhen compa,rd 10 olhe~ dmpty i'Slmplil completely; absolulely Phrasal verbs come up wilh loth to find an answer or a solut sth: 5ht wme up /Ih on Idea 10 moke SOtI'Iolved an amount or v,llue of sth that n calcul,lle' a vehicle wilhout wheels thalls usually used for Iravelling on snow IoOlulion Is~'lu:fn! a way of solving a problem dealing with a difficult ,ituallon.l'1c spKies l'spi:fi:L' a group of plants or ammals that ore all the same and that can breed together squatttr I'skwl)I~/ a person who is living in an empty building without the owner'~ llermission struggle I'str.• gl/ a fight in whictT'sb tries 10 or get slh when this is difficult: Ail cowllries sllOlM join togetller in rllt Slfuggle ogaimt rerror/sm tnpaytr I't, I meflrioned it I didn't realise ir IJpser you refltd In'nekt! to show or express sth refuse Irr'fju:7} to say or show that \'OU not want to do, give, or accept Sth rentlrent! to pay money for the use of land a building, a rnachine etc squat IskwOl/ to live rn an empty building without permission lrom the owner sun-in hhi'varv/to continue to live or exist in or after a dilficult or dangerous situalion Adjectives endangered Im'demd3odf (used about animals, plants etc) in danger of disappearing from the world (becom ing e~tinct): The glOIlt panda is an tndangered Sl'Uiel ethnic: l'eOmk! connecterillasting for a short I permanent terra(~d 1'ler~11 (used about a house; form 01 a Ime 01 houses that are all JOlneItuation;;I ~1'uwkdlJC u[ ould bt on advonlagt mznJZ bt:haVloor ltl.:ll is ronslClered 10 - particular so