Collins japanese visual dictionary

COPYRIGHT Published by Collins An imprint of HarperCollins Publishers Westerhill Road Bishopbriggs Glasgow G64 2QT First Edition 2019 â HarperCollins Publishers 2019 Collinsđ is a registered trademark of HarperCollins Publishers Limited Ebook Edition © March 2019 ISBN: 9780008319939 Version: 2019-03-28 All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this ebook on screen No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins Entered words that we have reason to believe constitute trademarks have been designated as such However, neither the presence nor absence of such designation should be regarded as affecting the legal status of any trademark HarperCollins does not warrant that any website mentioned in this title will be provided uninterrupted, than any website will be error free, that defects will be corrected, or that the website or the server that makes it available are free of viruses or bugs For full terms and conditions please refer to the site terms provided on the website If you would like to comment on any aspect of this book, please contact us at the given address or online E-mail dictionaries@harpercollins.co.uk www.facebook.com/collinsdictionary @collinsdict CONTENTS COVER TITLE PAGE COPYRIGHT INTRODUCTION THE ESSENTIALS TRANSPORT IN THE HOME AT THE SHOPS DAY-TO-DAY LEISURE SPORT HEALTH PLANET EARTH CELEBRATIONS AND FESTIVALS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PHOTO CREDITS ABOUT THE PUBLISHER INTRODUCTION Whether you’re on holiday or staying in Japan for a slightly longer period of time, your Collins Visual Dictionary is designed to help you find exactly what you need, when you need it With over a thousand clear and helpful images, you can quickly locate the vocabulary you are looking for The Visual Dictionary includes: 10 chapters arranged thematically, so that you can easily find what you need to suit the situation images – illustrating essential items YOU MIGHT SAY… – common phrases that you might want to use YOU MIGHT HEAR… – common phrases that you might come across VOCABULARY – common words that you might need YOU SHOULD KNOW… – tips about local customs or etiquette USING YOUR COLLINS VISUAL DICTIONARY The points below explain a few basic concepts of Japanese pronunciation and grammar and will help ensure that your Collins Visual Dictionary gives you as much help as possible when using Japanese: 1) There are several systems for writing Japanese in Roman characters, but the most understandable for English speakers is called the Hepburn system, which has been adapted slightly for use in this dictionary Long vowels (pronounced with twice the length of normal vowels) have been written with a bar over the top, except for the double i: ā ii ē ō ū bus stop バス停 basu-tē street 通り tōri 2) Japanese grammar is simple in many ways compared to European languages: there is no gender and there are no definite or indefinite articles; there is no difference between singular and plural; and verbs only have past and non-past (present or future) forms and do not change according to who is performing an action 3) There are different levels of politeness in Japanese, but polite forms suitable for general use have been used in the phrases in this book Verbs are shown in the “plain” form This is the form used among family members and close friends, and to form more complex structures, so you may hear people using it However, it is safest to stick to using the polite form to avoid appearing over-familiar or rude In the polite form, Japanese verbs end in “-masu” Negative forms and past tenses are made by changing the verb ending 4) Japanese uses small words called particles to show how different parts of the sentence relate to each other Some are similar to English prepositions, but in Japanese they come immediately after the nouns they refer to These particles have the following functions: ga topic marker subject marker o direct object marker ni indirect object marker, goal and location marker to connects nouns, ‘and’ or ‘with’ de mo indicates by which means an action is carried out or where an action takes place indicates that the second noun is described in some way by the first, e.g possession “also/as well” kara “from/since” wa no made “until/as far as” Other particles occur at the end of sentences to change the meaning from a straightforward statement The most common ones are: ka question marker ne asks for agreement or confirmation yo adds emphasis Finally, some particles are used to link clauses to make more complex sentences Two of the most useful are kara “because/so” (which always comes after the reason or cause) and ga “but/although” 5) Japanese word order is subject – object – verb, with the verb at the end of the sentence The basic Japanese sentence has a topic and a comment section The topic, indicated by the topic marker wa, usually comes at the beginning of the sentence, but if it is Father’s Day 父の日 chichi no hi April Fool’s Day エイプリルフール eipuriru fūru May Day メーデー mēdē Christmas Eve クリスマスイブ kurisumasu ibu Christmas Day クリスマス kurisumasu Valentine’s Day バレンタインデー barentain dē Halloween ハロウィーン harowiin YOU SHOULD KNOW… The beauty of cherry blossom has been celebrated in Japan for centuries and draws visitors from all over the world March and April are the main months for cherry blossom viewing, with parties held under the trees, and weather forecasts include reports on the progress of the ‘cherry blossom front’ 桜前線 (sakura zensen) from south to north YOU SHOULD KNOW… Children are the focus of several annual festivals On 3 March, Girls’ Day (ひな 祭り hina matsuri) is celebrated with special food and a display of dolls Children’s Day (formerly Boys’ Day) is a public holiday on 5 May, marked by carp streamers flying from roofs to symbolize courage and strength In November, children aged 3, 5, and 7 are dressed formally and taken to their local Shinto shrine to offer thanks and pray for their future health and happiness autumn leaves viewing 紅葉狩り momijigari Bon Festival of the Dead お盆 o-bon carp streamer 鯉のぼり koinobori cherry blossom viewing （お）花見 (o-)hanami Coming of Age Day 成人の日 sējin no hi floating lantern 灯篭流し tōrō-nagashi Moon Viewing Festival （お）月見 (o-)tsukimi 7-5-3 Festival 七五三 shichi go san Star Festival 七夕 tanabata NEW YEAR | 新年 New Year is the most important holiday, when families gather and celebrate together Shops, businesses, and tourist attractions used to close for several days around New Year, but many shops now stay open except for (but sometimes including) 1 January VOCABULARY New Year’s Eve 大晦日 ōmisoka New Year’s Day 元旦 gantan Happy New Year! 明けましておめでとうございます。 akemashite omedetō gozaimasu YOU SHOULD KNOW… Temple bells are struck 108 times at midnight on 31 December, symbolizing the number of worldly temptations that lead to suffering, according to Buddhist beliefs People visit their local temple or shrine in the first few days of January to wish for good luck, health, and success in the coming year New Year shrine visit 初詣 hatsumōde Chinese New Year 旧正月 kyūshōgatsu end-of-year party 忘年会 bōnenkai New Year card 年賀状 nengajō New Year food お節料理 o-sechi ryōri New Year money お年玉 o-toshidama New Year’s Eve temple bell 除夜の鐘 joya no kane pine and bamboo decoration 門松 kadomatsu spiced sake お屠蘇 o-toso sticky rice cake （お）もち (o-)mochi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank those authors and publishers who kindly gave permission for copyright material to be used in the Collins Corpus We would also like to thank Times Newspapers Ltd for providing valuable data MANAGING EDITOR Maree Airlie FOR THE PUBLISHER Gerry Breslin Gina Macleod Kevin Robbins Robin Scrimgeour CONTRIBUTORS Tessa Carroll Harumi Currie Lauren Reid Anna Stevenson TECHNICAL SUPPORT Claire Dimeo PHOTO CREDITS Shutterstock: timetable (nayuki.wong), windscreen (JazzBoo), police officer (Stanistani), roadworks (Gumpanat), automatic door (McFishoPhoto), driver (Vassamon Anansukkasem), taxi (Savvapanf Photo), bus station (Axel Bueckert), bus stop (Yangxiong), minibus (Iakov Filimonov), sightseeing bus (Osugi), tram (smereka), boxed lunch (MoreGallery), bullet train (af8images), information board (Yangxiong), luggage locker (iceink), railway station (cowardlion), station staff (Terence Mendoza), ticket collector (cowardlion), ticket machine (Balakate), ticket office (Niradj), coastguard boat (Chamelion Studio), inn (Junki Asano), Japanese veranda (Phuong D Nguyen), shopping district (Korkusung), confectionery (Bitkiz), energy drinks (im_Chanaphat), cosmetics (mandritoiu), electronics (Bai-Bua’s Dad), food and drink (1000 Words), footwear (Toshio Chan), gifts (icosha), toys (Zety Akhzar), cotton summer kimono (MAHATHIR MOHD YASIN), antiques shop (Hadrian), bookshop (Joysuw), discount shop (walterericsy), electrical store (BestPhotoPlus), electronics store (Sorbis), pet shop (BestPhotoPlus), bento box (MoreGallery), vending machine (robbin lee), bureau de change (Lloyd Carr), postal worker (MAHATHIR MOHD YASIN), postbox (Windyboy), church (Ilya Images), city hall (amnat11), community police post (Atiwat Witthayanurut), conference centre (lou armor), courthouse (Topgun1997), fire station (Kekyalyaynen), hotel (Osugi), police station (jflin98), Shinto shrine (Natalia Pushchina), cathedral (leodaphne), Shinto shrine (Natalia Pushchina), sightseeing bus (Osugi), tour guide (Vladimir Zhoga), bunraku puppet theatre (cowardlion), comic storytelling (posztos), cosplay (Soundaholic studio), festival (Carlo Falk), kabuki (Kobby Dagan), musical (Igor Bulgarin), Noh (posztos), capsuel hotel (MikeDotta), Japanese Inn (Junki Asano), koto (akiyoko), choir (Marco Saroldi), orchestra (Ferenc Szelepcsenyi), calligraphy (Aleksandar Todorovic), basketball shoes (Milos Vucicevic), football pitch (Christian Bertrand), rugby (Paolo Bona), line judge (Leonard Zhukovsky), umpire (Stuart Slavicky), sumo (J Henning Buchholz), keirin (Leonard Zhukovsky), motor racing (Cristiano barni), table tennis (Stefan Holm), paramedic (MAHATHIR MOHD YASIN), ambulance (MAHATHUR MOHD YASIN), autumn leaves viewing (Jay Phuc Photography), Bon Festival of the Dead (julianne.hide), cherry blossom viewing (Mctaay), Coming of Age Day (wdeon), 7-5-3 festival (Tetyana Dotsenko), Star Festival (THAIFINN), New Year shrine visit (Vincent St Thomas), New Year’s Eve temple bell (picturepartners) All other images from Shutterstock ... etiquette USING YOUR COLLINS VISUAL DICTIONARY The points below explain a few basic concepts of Japanese pronunciation and grammar and will help ensure that your Collins Visual Dictionary gives you... Published by Collins An imprint of HarperCollins Publishers Westerhill Road Bishopbriggs Glasgow G64 2QT First Edition 2019 â HarperCollins Publishers 2019 Collins? ? is a registered trademark of HarperCollins... If you would like to comment on any aspect of this book, please contact us at the given address or online E-mail dictionaries@harpercollins.co.uk www.facebook.com/collinsdictionary @collinsdict CONTENTS COVER TITLE PAGE COPYRIGHT INTRODUCTION THE ESSENTIALS