barrett cynthia three sheets to the wind the nautical origin

THREE SHEETS to the WIND ii iii THREE SHEETS to the WIND The Nautical Origins of Everyday Expressions Cynthia Barrett Illustrations by Vail Barrett Guilford, Connecticut An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc 4501 Forbes Blvd., Ste 200 Lanham, MD 20706 www.rowman.com Distributed by NATIONAL BOOK NETWORK Copyright © 2018 by Cynthia Barrett All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data available ISBN 978-1-4930-4227-2 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-4930-4228-9 (e-book) The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America For my great-grandfather, George Washington Barrett, a whaler, who sailed around Cape Horn three times For my father, a Navy Lieutenant who served in the D-Day Invasion of France For my mother, who stood on the shore watching over us And for Susi, a north star in a big sky The whalemen of Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, reunite for this 1906 photograph From left to right: George Washington Barrett, George Mahan, Harvey Gardiner, John Douglas, and John Waters vi Introduction T he English language is chock-full of nautical expressions The earth is, after all, the water planet Words and phrases coined by seamen trip off the tongue A look at old maps shows the cross-hatching of age-old naval and trade routes Textiles, spices, indigo, and other sought after goods emerged from cargo holds What also came ashore was the language of sailors This inherited idiomatic nautical language is spoken so often in conversation that it goes unnoticed Filibusters are an invention of pirates, not the US Senate, and the first skyscrapers were the tallest sails on a ship Three Sheets to the Wind is an illustrated guide to your language, so that the next time you call your friend a “loose cannon” you know it is you who is talking like a sailor THREE SHEETS to the WIND 170 170 Wallop After the French torched the English coastal town of Brighton, Henry VIII ordered the English Admiral Wallop to retaliate He did so with a vengeance—burning French ships and destroying French villages on the Normandy coast The name Wallop became synonymous with a hard hit The hurricane walloped the coastline 171 Washed Out Naval commands were written on a slate Once received by the crew, the message was washed off the board It’s a term that’s become synonymous with someone or something that is a total failure 172 172 When Your Ship Comes In After supplying a ship, hiring crew, and paying insurance and port dues, merchants watched this vast investment vanish over the horizon for months or years The lucky financier reaped huge profits when his ship returned with precious cargo Unlucky investors waited for a ship that never reappeared Today the expression has a more metaphorical meaning—a hope that one’s fortunes will someday change for the better Ships at a distance have every man’s wish on board For some they come in with the tide For others they sail forever on the horizon, never out of sight, never landing until the Watcher turns his eyes away in resignation, his dreams mocked to death by Time That is the life of men —Zora Neale Hurston Their Eyes Were Watching God 173 Whistle for the Wind When a ship was becalmed it was the seaman’s superstition that he could summon the wind by facing the direction from which he desired the wind to blow, and whistling Nowadays to be whistling in the wind is a futile attempt to change something unalterable 174 Windfall For naval ship building purposes, the British monarchy could lay claim to trees on private property There was an exception to this law; if the wind caused a tree to fall, the landowner could keep the tree for his own use or sell it for profit, a windfall 175 You Scratch My Back, I’ll Scratch Yours One of the British Royal Navy’s preferred instruments of corporal punishment was the cat-o’-nine tails This nasty whip with nine varying lengths of knotted cord was designed to claw deeply into a sailor’s back Mindful that what goes around can come around, some sailors charged with doing the lashing applied only light strikes that amounted to little more than a scratch on the back 176 Your Number Is Up An admiral needing to confer with or reprimand one of the captains in his fleet summoned him by flying the number of that ship Hence the captain’s number was up The phrase now implies that it is someone’s turn for death or bad fortune 178 179 Acknowledgments I am grateful to friends for their sustained enthusiasm and support for the book, including Elissa Altman, Bob Bellafronto, Peter Bertine, Chris Cunningham, Jeannine Dillon, Linda Doering, Stefan Dziemianowicz, Mimi Fahs, Rachel Federman, Carolyn Jaffe, Brian Jaffe, Diana Jagannath, Vilas Jagannath, Carol Jaspin, Terry Karten, Anne Keating, Rama Rao, Sarah Salm, Nancy Shapiro, Elly Thomas, and Judy Willard My sister Sandra has been wonderfully enthusiastic since I first shared with her the idea for Three Sheets to the Wind I’m very fortunate to have my brother Vail joined in the project and enrich it with his illustrations Susi, my wife, added a keen editorial eye and sense of fun to the project Many thanks go to Vanessa Cameron and the New York Yacht Club for providing me with access to their magnificent maritime library My longtime friend and colleague, Shaye Areheart, Director of the Columbia Publishing Course, has been a terrific advocate for the book from the moment I told her about it Laura Barr’s artistic and technological talents have been a great help in launching Three Sheets to the Wind I am very grateful to my agent and friend Malaga Baldi She has been positive and supportive every step of the way Susan Turner, the designer, 180 found just the right look for the interior and it’s been a pleasure working with her I’m fortunate to have Rick Rinehart at Lyons Press as my editor He shares my love of sailing and the language of the sea Thanks also to Diana Nuhn for the cover design, Lynn Zelem for her careful review of the text, and to the rest of the staff at Lyons Press About the Author Cynthia Barrett is a senior editor at Metro Books, an imprint of Sterling Publishing Company She is an avid sailor and has a long family history near the sea She lives with her wife, Susi Vassallo, in New York City About the Illustrator Vail Barrett is a painter and illustrator His works have shown in galleries in New England, New Jersey, and New York He lives in Roxbury, Connecticut