THE DIRECT METHOD (DM) INTRODUCTION DEMONSTRATION PRINCIPLES TECHNIQUES SUMMARY

THE DIRECT METHOD (DM) Members: Võ Thị Thanh Thảo Nguyễn Chí Khiêm Nguyễn Thị Yến Chi Trần Nguyễn Mai Bình Nguyễn Thụy Khánh An THE OUTLINE 01 INTRODUCTI ON 02 DEMONSTRAT ION 03 PRINCIPLES 04 TECHNIQUES 05 SUMMARY INTRODUC TION ✔ Goal: learning how to use a foreign language to communicate ✔ ONE BASIC RULE: No translation is allowed ✔ Meaning is to be conveyed directly in the target language through the use of demonstration and visual aids, no recourse student’s native language SAMPLES DEMONSTRATION Canada is the country to the north of the United States, and Mexico is the country to the south of the United States Between Canada and the United States are the Great Lakes Between Mexico and the United States is the Rio Grande River On the East Coast is the Atlantic Ocean, and on the West Coast is the Pacific Ocean In the East is a mountain range called the Appalachian Mountains In the West are the Rocky Mountains MAP FILL IN THE BLANKS (preposition) The Atlantic Ocean is under the East Coast The Rio Grande is _ between Mexico and the United States Chi Khiem is looking the map the West are the Rocky at Mountain In The United States is the third largest country in the world It is in North America between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans The geography of the United States has a lot of variety There are mountains, lakes, rivers, deserts, and islands There are 50 states and major territories in the United States Each state and territory has its own capital The five Great Lakes are in the northern part of the United States The Atlantic Ocean is on the East Coast of the United States Puerto Rico is in the Atlantic Ocean It is one of the U.S territories The Pacific Ocean is on the West Coast of the United States The state of Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean The Mississippi River and the Missouri River are the two longest rivers in the United States These rivers flow through the middle of the country How is language viewed? How is culture viewed? Language is primarily spoken, not written  Students study common, everyday speech in the target language  They also study culture consisting of: • the history of the people who speak the target language • the geography of the country or countries where the language is spoken • information about the daily lives of the speakers of the language   What areas of language are emphasized? What language skills are emphasized? - Vocabulary is emphasized over grammar - Although work on all four skills occurs from the start, oral communication is seen as basic → Thus the reading and writing exercises are based upon what the students practice orally first - Pronunciation also receives attention right from the beginning of a course How is evaluation accomplished? - We did not actually see any formal evaluation in the class we observed - In the Direct Method, students are asked to use the language, not to demonstrate their knowledge about the language - They are asked to so using both oral and written skills   How are the feelings of the students dealt with? There are no principles of the method which relate to this area What is the role of the students' native language? The students' native language should not be used in the classroom How does the teacher respond to student errors? The teacher, employing various techniques, tries to get students to selfcorrect whenever possible TECHNIQ UES TECHNIQU ES READING ALOUD: Students take turns reading sections of a passage, play, or dialog out loud At the end of each student's turn, the teacher uses gestures, pictures, realia, examples, or other means to make the meaning of the section clear QUESTION AND ANSWER EXERCISE: This exercise is conducted only in the target language Students are asked questions and answer in full sentences =>They practice new words and grammatical structures They have the opportunity to ask questions as well as answer them TECHNIQU ES GETTING STUDENTS TO SELF-CORRECT: CONVERSATION PRACTICE: The Having the students self-correct teacher asks students a number of questions in the by asking them to make a choice target language, which the students have to understand between what they said and an to be able to answer correctly In the class observed, alternative answer he supplied the teacher asked individual students questions about themselves The questions contained a particular grammar structure Later, the students were able to ask each other their own questions using the same grammatical structure TECHNIQU ES FILL-IN-THE-BLANK EXERCISE: All the items are in the target language; furthermore, no explicit grammar rule would be applied The students would have induced the grammar rule they need to fill in the blanks from examples and practice with earlier parts of the lesson DICTATION: The teacher reads the passage three times The first time the teacher reads it at a normal speed, while the students just listen The second time he reads the passage phrase by phrase, pausing long enough to allow students to write down what they have heard The last time the teacher again reads at a normal speed, and students check their work TECHNIQU ES MAP DRAWING: The class included one example of a technique used to give students listening comprehension practice PARAGRAPH WRITING: The teacher in this class asked the students to write a paragraph in their own words on the major geographical features of the United States They could have done this from memory, or they could have used the reading passage in the lesson as a model SUMMA RY SUMMARY MERIT S DEFEC TS CONCLUS ION MERIT S • DM is suitable for private language schools where students were highly motivated and where native speaking teachers could be employed • The method provides an interesting and exciting ways of learning English through activities • DM is successful in developing the skill of listening and speaking in very young children in elementary schools because they have great ability to mimic   DEFEC TS Students have to pay high prices for small classes, individual attention and intensive study DM is not suitable for public education with constrain of budget, classroom size and teacher background It demands tremendously on the teacher He should be fluent in L2 and very resourceful in order to make the meaning clear in a variety of ways without using L1 There is not sufficient provision for systematic practice of structures in a planned sequence Only highly intelligent students can profit from this method Less talented ones can not make a direct association between foreign phrases and situations CONCLUSI ON Direct method is very effective to use the English language by the teacher to implement in their class The students can understand easily if the teacher uses direct method because this method enhances the conmmunication skills of the students - Focuses on the listening skills of the learners Thank you so much for watching us! ... What is the role of the teacher? What is the role of the students? Although the teacher directs the class activities, the student role is less passive than in the Grammar-Translation Method The teacher... in their class The students can understand easily if the teacher uses direct method because this method enhances the conmmunication skills of the students - Focuses on the listening skills of the. .. is the country to the south of the United States Between Canada and the United States are the Great Lakes Between Mexico and the United States is the Rio Grande River On the East Coast is the