ĐAỎ NGỮ CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN 1 Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại I Cấu trúc Should + S + (not) Vinf, S + Will +Vinf VD If he has free time, he’ll play tennis => Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis 2 Đảo.
ĐAỎ NGỮ CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN 1.Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại I: Cấu trúc : Should + S + (not) Vinf, S + VD: If he has free time, he’ll play tennis => Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại II: Cấu trúc: Were + S + O/st (not) to V Will +Vinf S + Would/Could + Vinf VD: - If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book => Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book - If I were you, I would buy this car => Were I you, I would buy this car Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại III: Cấu trúc: Had + S + (not) P2/Ved, S + Would have + P2/Ved VD: If he had trained hard, he would have won the match => Had he trained hard, he would have won the match If not = Unless (Nếu khơng ) VD: - Unless we start at once, we will be late = If we don't start at once, we will be late - Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams = If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exams Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại hỗn hợp (Mixed Conditional Sentence) Đảo ngữ câu loại giống đảo ngữ vế If câu điều kiện loại III Cấu trúc: Had + S + (not)P2/Ved, S + would/could + V VD: If I hadn't told her about this, she wouldn't be sad now => Had I not told her about this, she wouldn't be sad now If you need some more money, take an extra 200 If I were your father, I would insist you practice harder If my girlfriend calls, please let me know right away If I had thought of the right words, I would have told them what I was thinking! If I were a rich kid, I would not have to worry about anything If they run out of tickets, we will have to go to another theater If you change your mind, let us know If you had known my mom, you would have thought she was crazy too If you had heard her singing, you would have laughed too 10 If I were a celebrity, I could buy any bag I want Công thức chung: Câu điều kiện loại 2: But for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + V Câu điều kiện loại 3: But for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + have VPP Câu điều kiện loại 2: But for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + V => If it weren’t for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + V => If it weren’t for the fact that + S + V-ed, S + would/could/might/… + V But for my tardiness, I could be offered the position I dreamt of (Nếu khơng chậm trễ tơi, tơi nhận đề cử vào vị trí tơi ao ước.) => If it weren’t for my tardiness, I could be offered the position I dreamt of => If it weren’t for being tardy, I could be offered the position I dreamt of => If it weren’t for the fact that I was tardy, I could be offered the position I dreamt of Câu điều kiện loại 3: But for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + have VPP => If it hadn’t been for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + have VPP => If it hadn’t been for the fact that + S + had VPP, S + would/could/might/… + have VPP Ví dụ: But for her mother’s advice, Susie could have married the wrong person (Nếu khơng có lời khun mẹ ấy, Susie cưới nhầm người.) => If it hadn’t been for her mother’s advice, Susie could have married the wrong person => If it hadn’t been for being advised by her mother, Susie could have married the wrong person => If it hadn’t been for the fact that she was advised by her mother, Susie could have married the wrong person CHUYÊN ĐỀ: PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG) I Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động: Active: Chủ động S+V+O Passive: Bị động S + be* + P.P + by + O (* be chia theo V) Ex: They are painting the house → The house is being painted They had destroyed all the documents when we arrived → All the documents had been destroyed when we arrived II Thay đổi hình thức động từ cụ thể thì: TENSES Simple Present Present continuous Simple Past Past continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect ACTIVE S + V1-s/es S + am / is / are + V-ing S + V-ed /V2 S + was / were + V-ing S + have / has + PP S + had + PP PASSIVE S + am / is / are + PP S + am / is / are + being + PP S + was / were + PP S + was / were + being + PP S + have / has + been + PP S + had + been + PP Simple Future Modal verbs S + will + V1 can may must S + have to + V1 should used to be going to S + will + be + PP can may must S + have to + be + V3 should used to be going to Ex: John delivers the newspapers every morning The newspapers are delivered by John every morning My mother wrote that letter That letter was written by my mother They will build a new school here next month A new school will be built here next month He is asking me a lot of questions I am being asked a lot of questions She was doing her homework at that time Her homework was being done at that time My mother has made that cake That cake has been made by my mother They had prepared a party before we came A party had been prepared before we came Sue is going to write the book The book is going to be written by Sue You must finish this report This report must be finished NOTES: LƯU Ý: Khi chủ ngữ túc từ câu chủ động đại từ, ta phải thay đổi cho phù hợp Ex: The teacher punished me I was punished by the teacher Khi chủ ngữ câu chủ động là: people, I, we, you, they, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anybody…khi đổi sang bị động thường bỏ Ex: They built this bridge last year This bridge was built last year (by them) Khi câu chủ động có túc từ dùng tức từ làm chủ ngữ được, nhiên, túc từ người sử dụng nhiều Ex: My mother bought me a new shirt I was bought a new shirt by my mother A new shirt was bought for me by my mother Nếu chủ ngữ câu chủ động Noone/ noboby đổi sang bị động ta bỏ by noone/ nobody động từ phải đổi sang thể phủ định Ex: No one believes his story His story isn’t believed Vị trí trạng từ Trạng từ thể cách đặt trứơc Past Participle Ex: I my homework carefully My homework is carefully done Trạng từ thời gian đặt đầu câu sau by + O Ex: I lent him money yesterday He was lent money yesterday Trạng từ nơi chốn đặt trước by + O Ex: Mary bought the gift from that shop the gift was bought from that shop by Mary III MỘT SỐ DẠNG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT: Verbs of opinion (Động từ ý kiến): say, think, believe, know, report, consider, expect, feel, hope, know, understand… KINDS Active FORMS S1 + VS1 + It + be V3/ ed + S2 + be V3/ ed + that that + S2 + S2 + + VS2 VS2 Passive to V(S2) to have V3/ ed Ex People say that he is a famous doctor It is said that he is a famous doctor He is said to be a famous doctor People believe that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour It is believed that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour He is believed to have driven through the town at 90 km an hour Causative forms(Thể nhờ bảo): have, get VERBS Have Get KINDS Active Passive Active Passive S S S S + + + + have have get get +O +O +O +O FORMS (person) + Vo + O (thing) (thing) + V3/ed (person) + to V + O (thing) (thing) + V3/ed Ex: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday I had my bicycle repaired yesterday I get her to make some coffee I get some coffee made Verbs of perception (Động từ giác quan): see, hear, watch, smell… Active: S +see/ hear/ watch/ smell + O +Vo / V-ing Passive: S + be + seen/ heard/ watched/smelt + to Vo/ V-ing Ex: They saw the man run away / They saw the man running away The man was seen to run away / The man was seen running away Với động từ make/ let + O + bare - infinitive Active: S + make + O + bare - infinitive Passive: S + be + made + to - infinitive Ex: Teacher make the students a lot of homework Students are made to a lot of homework Active: S + let + O + bare infinitive Passive: S + be + allowed + to - infinitive Ex: She lets her son play computer games on Sunday afternoon Her son is allowed to play computer games on Sunday afternoon Với động từ: want/ need + to + V want/need + V-ing/to be + V-ed/V3 Ex: He needs you to believe his ability He needs to be believed his ability Ex: They need to repaint the house The house needs repainting = The house needs to be repainted Remember/ hate/ keep…+ someone + V-ing Ex: I remember my mother taking me to school on the first day I remember being taken to school on the first day by my mother Imperative form (thể mệnh lệnh) Active: Verb + object + adjunct Passive: Let + object + be + past participle + adjunct Ex1: Keep your hand clean Let your hand be kept clean Ex2: Don’t talk the secret to her Don’t let the secret be talked to her It is your duty to something You are supposed to something (bổn phận bạn là….) Ex: It’s your duty to lock all the doors You are supposed to lock all the doors EXERCISES I Change the following sentences into the passive voice They grow rice in tropical countries → _ Mr Green loves his children very much → People don’t speak French here → _ Someone broke his windows last night → _ The police didn’t find the lost boy yesterday → _ About thirty million people are watching this live show now → _ They were carrying the injured player off the field at that time → _ Jack has typed the article recently → _ The police haven’t found the murderer yet → _ 10 They were carrying the injured player off the field at that time → 11 They had wrapped the package carefully before they posted it → 12 Children should treat old men with respect → 13 The computer can all the accounts → 14 They are going to build a new school → 15 He isn’t going to buy that house → _ 16 They will pull down that building → _ 17 The teacher won’t correct the exercises tomorrow → _ 18 You have to keep dangerous chemicals in the safe place → _ 19 Police had to break the meeting up → _ 20 They may use that room for the classroom → _ 21 You must wash your hands → _ 22 They ought to knock down the old building → _ 23 You needn’t type that report today → 24 Nobody has used this room for ages → 25 No one can solve that problem → 26 No one told us the news → 27 Paul didn’t tell me the ending of the story → 28 The teacher will give her a prize if she works well → 29 Her mother bought her a doll last week → 30 The police found the robber in the forest yesterday → 31 They made him work all day → 32 People don’t make the children work hard → 33 They let him meet her family last month → 34 He won’t let you that silly thing again → 35 People saw him steal your car → _ 36 I have heard her sing this song several times → _ 37 The teacher is watching them work → _ 38 Alice had a mechanic repair her car → 39 Ellen got Marvin to type her paper → 40 The hairdresser is cutting Mary’s hair now → Mary is having her hair _ → Mary is having the hairdresser 41 People know that English is an international language → It is known _ → English is known 42 They said that she won the competition → _ → _ 43 They reported that the President had suffered a heard attack → _ → _ 44 They need to clean the windows → _ → _ 45 I would like to give Mary a nice present → _ 46 Our teacher wants us to prepare our lessons carefully → _ 47 It is your duty to lock all the doors → _ 48 He suggested selling the radio → _ 49 Open your book, please! → _ 50 They advised enlarging the garden → _ ... finished NOTES: LƯU Ý: Khi chủ ngữ túc từ câu chủ động đại từ, ta phải thay đổi cho phù hợp Ex: The teacher punished me I was punished by the teacher Khi chủ ngữ câu chủ động là: people, I, we,... => If it weren’t for the fact that I was tardy, I could be offered the position I dreamt of Câu điều kiện loại 3: But for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + have VPP => If it hadn’t been for... have married the wrong person CHUYÊN ĐỀ: PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG) I Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động: Active: Chủ động S+V+O Passive: Bị động S + be* + P.P + by + O (* be chia